Enicospilus lineolatus (Roman, 1913) Fig. 16

Enicospilus striatus Cameron 1899: 103; holotype ♀, India, OUMNH; junior secondary homonym of Enicospilus striatus ( Brullé); synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 304).

Henicospilus lineolatus Roman 1913: 30; holotype ♂, Philippines, NR.

Enicospilus uniformis Chiu 1954: 25; holotype ♀, Taiwan, TARI, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 304).

Enicospilus flatus Chiu 1954: 28; holotype ♀, Taiwan, TARI, examined; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 304).

Enicospilus gussakovskii Viktorov 1957: 185; holotype ♀, Ussr, Moscow; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 304).

Enicospilus striolatus Townes, Townes and Gupta 1961: 290; replacement name for Enicospilus striatus Cameron, 1899; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 304).

Enicospilus unicornis Rao and Nikam 1969: 343; lectotype ♂, India, NHMUK, examined, designated by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 304); synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 304).

Enicospilus unicornis Rao and Nikam 1970: 103; holotype ♀, India, MUC; junior primary homonym of Enicospilus unicornis Rao & Nikam, 1969; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 305).

Material examined.

88♀♀ 15♂♂ and 3 unsexed: Nepal (10♀♀ 4♂♂), Australia (1♀), Brunei (2♀♀), India (34♀♀ 7♂♂ and 1 unsexed), Japan (17♀♀), Papua New Guinea (2♀♀), Sri Lanka (1♀), Taiwan (21♀♀ 4♂♂ and 2 unsexed) .

Type series: holotype of Enicospilus uniformis Chiu, 1954, ♀, Taihoku, Taiwan, 14.IV.1921, S. Aoki leg. (TARI) ; holotype of Enicospilus flatus Chiu, 1954, ♀, Taihoku, Taiwan, 28.V.1931, J. Sonan leg. (TARI) ; lectotype of Enicospilus unicornis Rao & Nikam, 1969, ♂, Himayatbagh, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India, VIII.1968, Nikam leg. (NHMUK, Type 3b.2858) .

Non-type series: 1♂, Kathmandu (4,300′), Nepal, VIII.1981, M.G. Allen leg. (Fig. 16A-E) ; 1♀, Kathmandu (4,300′), Nepal, VIII.1982, M.G. Allen leg. ; 1♀ 2♂♂, Phulchoki (2,000 m), Nepal, VIII.1982, M.G. Allen leg. (LT) (Fig. 16F by ♂); 2♀♀, Godavarl (6,000′), Kathmandu, Nepal, 1-2 (1♀), 3 (1♀). VIII.1967 (MsT) ; 1♀, Godavarl (5,000′), Kathmandu, Nepal, 10.VIII.1967 (MsT) ; 1♀, near Simra (180 m), Adhabhar, Nepal, 23-28.VIII.1967 (MsT) ; 1♀, Kakani (2,070 m), Nepal, VII.1983, M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 2♀♀, Kakani (2,000 m), Nepal, VIII.1982, M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 1♀ 1♂, Kathmandu (1,350 m), Nepal, VII.1983, M.G. Allen leg. (LT); 1♀, Victoria, Toolangi, Australia, I-II.1983, Farrugia & Gauld leg.; 2♀♀, U. Temburong (1,500 m), Bukit Retak, Brunei, IV.1881, I.D. Gauld leg. ; 34♀♀ 6♂♂ and 1 unsexed, Andhra Pradesh, Patancheru, India, VI (1♀), VII (1♀), VIII (4♀♀), IX (27♀♀ 5♂♂ and 1 unsexed), X (1♀).1980 (1♂), Bhatnagar leg. (LT) (all NHMUK) ; 17♀♀, Hitsujigaoka (43°00'N, 141°24'E), Sapporo, Hokkaidô, Japan, 16-23.VIII (1♀), 30.VIII-6.IX (1♀).2007, 28.VII-4.VIII (1♀), 4-11 (6♀♀), 11-18 (4♀♀).VIII, 1-8.IX (4♀♀).2008, K. Konishi leg. (MsT) (EUM) ; 1♀, Kokoda (365 m), Papua New Guinea, VI.1933, L.E. Cheesman leg. ; 1♀, Wau (1,200 m), Morobe District, Papua New Guinea, 24-26.II.1963, J. Sedlacek leg. (MsT); 1♀, Peak View Motel (550 m), Kandy, Sri Lanka, 15-24.I.1970, Davis & Rowe leg. (all NHMUK) ; 3♀♀ 3♂♂ and 2 unsexed, Karen, Taiwan, 6-14.V (1♀ 1♂ and 1 unsexed), 26.VIII-4.XI (1♀ 2♂♂).1972, 16-22.IV.1973 (1♀ and 1 unsexed) (MsT) ; 16♀♀ 1♂, Wanfeng Hill, Taichung, Taiwan, I (2♀♀ 1♂), II (1♀), IV (10♀♀), V (3♀♀).1984, K.S. Lin & K.C. Chou leg. (MsT) (all TARI).

Distribution.

Australasian, Eastern Palaearctic, Oceanic, and Oriental regions (Yu et al. 2016). Gauld and Mitchell (1981) recorded this species from Nepal.

Diagnosis.

Head (Fig. 16B-D): GOI = 2.2-2.7; lower face 0.7-0.8 × as wide as high; clypeus almost flat in profile, its lower margin acute to subacute; mandible rather weakly twisted by 10-20°, moderately long, proximally tapered and distally more or less parallel sided, its outer surface without a diagonal structure; upper mandibular tooth 1.3-1.5 × as long as lower one; posterior ocellus almost touching eye; antenna with 51-61 flagellomeres and 20th flagellomere 1.9-2.2 × as long as wide.

Mesosoma (Fig. 16E): mesopleuron punctate; scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae reaching at least anterior 0.8 and convergent posteriorly; metapleuron punctate to punctostrigose; propodeum weakly declivous, its posterior area moderately reticulate, outer margin of propodeal spiracle not joining pleural carina by a ridge.

Wings (Fig. 16F): fore wing with AI = 0.5-0.9, CI = 0.5-0.9, ICI = 0.7-1.0, SDI = 1.3-1.5; fore wing vein 1m-cu&M moderately sinuous, 2r&RS almost straight; fenestra and sclerites of discosubmarginal cell of fore wing as in Figure 16F; fenestra of fore wing not long and its anterodistal corner distinctly separated from proximal end of vein RS; proximal and central sclerites absent; distal sclerite strong and more or less centrally broadened; proximal corner of marginal cell of fore wing uniformly setose; vein 1cu-a interstitial to antefurcal to M&RS by less than 0.3 × 1cu-a length.

Colour (Fig. 16): body including interocellar area entirely testaceous; wings hyaline.

Differential diagnosis.

Some species of Oriental Enicospilus (e.g. E. fusiformis and E. unicolor) have a centrally broadened distal sclerite and lack proximal and central sclerites, as in Figure 16F. Among them, E. lineolatus is most similar to E. unicolor, but distinguished by the narrower distal sclerite than that of E. unicolor and testaceous fore wing pterostigma and sclerite (brown in E. unicolor).