Enicospilus flavocephalus (Kirby, 1900)* Fig. 9

Ophion flavocephalus Kirby 1900: 82; lectotype ♂, Christmas Island, NHMUK, examined, designated by Gauld (1977: 79).

Henicospilus lunulatus Szépligeti 1906: 143; holotype ♂, Bismarck Island, TM; synonymised by Gauld and Mitchell (1981: 416).

Henicospilus albicaput Morley 1912: 50; holotype ♂, Australia, NHMUK, examined; synonymised by Townes et al. (1961: 275).

Henicospilus similis Matsumura and Uchida 1926: 221; holotype ♂, Ryûkyû Island, SEHU, examined; synonymised by Uchida (1928: 221).

Material examined.

13♀♀ 11♂♂ and 1 unsexed: Nepal (2♀♀ 1♂), Australia (5♀♀ 2♂♂ and 1 unsexed), Brunei (2♀♀ 1♂), Japan (1♂), Singapore (1♀), Taiwan (3♀♀ 6♂♂) .

Type series: lectotype of Ophion flavocephalus Kirby, 1900, ♂, Flying Fish Cove, Christmas Island, Australia, C.W. Andrews leg. (NHMUK, Type 3b.1273) ; holotype of Henicospilus albicaput Morley, 1912, ♂, Mackay, Queensland, Australia (NHMUK, Type 3b.1254) ; holotype of Henicospilus similis Matsumura & Uchida, 1926, ♂, Okinawa, Ryûkyûs, Japan, S. Sakaguchi leg. (SEHU) .

Non-type series: 1♀, Kathmandu (1,350 m), Nepal, VII.1983, M.G. Allen leg. (LT) (Fig. 9) ; 1♀, Kathmandu (1,300 m), Nepal, XI.1982, M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 1♂, Pokhara, Nepal, VIII.1982, M.G. Allen leg. (LT) ; 5♀♀, Christmas Island, Australia, 1939; 1 unsexed, Christmas Island, Australia, 1898, C.W. Andrews leg.; 1♂, Ulu Temburong (300 m), Base camp hut, Brunei, 16.II-9.III.1982, M.C. Day leg. ; 1♀, Pagon, Pagon Ridge, Brunei, II.1982, M.G. Allen leg. ; 1♀, Bukit Retak (1,618 m), Montane forest, Brunei, IX.1979, I.D. Gauld leg. ; 1♀, Singapore, 1908, H.N. Ridley leg. (all NHMUK); 1♀, Wanfeng Hill, Taichung, Taiwan, VII.1984, K.S. Lin & K.C. Chou leg. (MsT) ; 1♂, Kukuan (730 m), Taichung, Taiwan, 14-17.X.1980, K.S. Lin & C.H. Wang leg ,; 1♀ 1♂, Pingtung, Taiwan, IV.1961, K.S. Lin leg. (LT); 1♀ 1♂, Silo, Yunlin, Taiwan, V.1961, K.S. Lin leg. (LT) ; 1♂, Lishan, Taichung, Taiwan, 14.IX.1978 ; 2♂♂, Chung-ying, Taiwan, III.1961, S.C. Chiu leg. (all TARI).

Distribution.

Australasian, Oceanic, and Oriental regions (Yu et al. 2016). Newly recorded from Nepal.

Diagnosis.

Head (Fig. 9B-D): GOI = 2.5-2.9; lower face 0.5-0.7 × as wide as high; clypeus very slightly convex in profile, its lower margin subacute to blunt; mandible moderately twisted by 25-35°, moderately long, more or less evenly tapered, its outer surface without a diagonal structure; upper mandibular tooth 1.1-1.2 × as long as lower one; posterior ocellus almost touching eye; antenna with 45-51 flagellomeres and 20th flagellomere 1.8-2.3 × as long as wide.

Mesosoma (Fig. 9E): mesopleuron punctate to longitudinally punctostriate; scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae reaching posterior end and convergent posteriorly; metapleuron moderately strigose to striate; propodeum evenly rounded, its posterior area rather finely reticulate, outer margin of propodeal spiracle joining pleural carina by a ridge.

Wings (Fig. 9F): fore wing with AI = 0.4-1.5, CI = 0.6-0.8, ICI = 0.4-0.6, SDI = 1.1-1.2; fore wing vein 1m-cu&M centrally strongly angulated and broadened, 2r&RS almost straight; fenestra and sclerites of discosubmarginal cell of fore wing as in Figure 9F; fenestra of fore wing not very long and its anterodistal corner distinctly separated from proximal end of vein RS; proximal sclerite almost oval, isolated and not touching margin of fenestra, strongly pigmented; central sclerite strongly pigmented and sclerotised, linear and parallel to distal margin of the fenestra, positioned in mediodistal part of the fenestra; distal sclerite absent; proximal corner of marginal cell of fore wing almost uniformly setose; vein 1cu-a subinterstitial to antefurcal to M&RS by less than 0.2 × 1cu-a length.

Colour (Fig. 9): body including interocellar area entirely pale yellow with pale brown posterior segments of metasoma; wings hyaline.

Differential diagnosis.

Enicospilus flavocephalus is a very distinctive species, but its body size, colour pattern, and profile are very similar to E. xanthocephalus . Enicospilus flavocephalus is easily distinguished from E. xanthocephalus by many characters, such as the pale yellow interocellar area (Fig. 9B, D) (black in E. xanthocephalus) and centrally abruptly angled and broadened fore wing vein 1m-cu&M (Fig. 9F) (evenly curved in E. xanthocephalus).