Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Lyonetiidae

Philonome clemensella Chambers, 1874 Figs 5, 34-36, 59-60

Philonome clemensella: Chambers 1874: 97; Dyar 1903: 563; McDunnough 1939: 100; Davis 1983: 8.

Philonome staintonella: Chambers 1876: 136. Nomen nudum

Adult

(Fig. 5). Head: Vertex convex medially; scales on vertex orange, as long as antennal scape, slanted forward; semicircular, dome-like scale cap on anterior vertex between antennal scapes with compact appressed, lustrous pale yellow scales; frons smooth, lustrous pale yellow. Antenna 3/5 as long as forewing; scape reddish brown dorsally, lustrous pale yellow ventrally, with fan-shaped scale cap anterioventrally; flagellomeres dark reddish brown dorsally, lustrous pale yellow ventrally. Labial palpus straight, slender, very small, 1/2 as long as antennal scape, pale orange, apex acuminate. Maxillary palpus 3 × longer than labial palpus, pale orange.

Thorax: Patagium reddish brown; tegula pale orange-white, suffused with reddish brown basally; mesonotum pale orange-white. Foreleg with coxa lustrous orange-white, tinged with gray dorsobasally; femur and tibia dark brownish gray dorsally, lustrous orange-white ventrally; tarsi orange-white, lustrous ventrally. Midleg with coxa lustrous orange-white; femur to tarsi pale orange dorsally, lustrous orange-white. Hindleg with coxa to tarsi lustrous orange-white; femur narrowly tinged with pale orange dorsally; tibia spinose dorsally, with hair-tufts ventrally. Forewing length 2.8-4.4 mm (n = 70), reddish brown; longitudinal fascia, white from base to the middle of forewing, often connected with white dorsal bar; costal fascia at distal 1/3 of costa, white, terminal 1/3 curved to apex, accompanying a row of dark brown scales caudad; subapical spot orange-white; tornal patch white, semicircular, borders blurred; elongate scales on apex, terminal 1/3 of costa, termen, with dark brown tips; fringe orange-white. Hindwing and fringe lustrous pale gray.

Abdomen: Terga lustrous, yellowish gray; sterna lustrous orange-white. Male tergum VIII trapezoidal; male sternum VIII subrectangular, broadly emarginated posteriorly, with oblique furrow laterally and short, stiff coremata posterolaterally.

Male genitalia (Figs 34-36): Tegumen trapezoidal, with subrectangular protrusion apically, strongly sclerotized, digitate process laterally, and short, lanceolate sclerite at center; long setae above teguminal process; tuba analis arising from dorsal area of apical protrusion. Valva deeply divided into two portions; costal portion triangular on basal half, elongate on distal half, sparsely setose, apex protruding; saccular portion elliptical, more densely setose to apex. Anellus extending to middle of phallus. Vinculum broadly sclerotized, capsulate, with a pair of small protrusions on distal margin. Phallus of even width except slightly-swollen at basal 1/6, slightly bifid apically.

Female genitalia (Figs 59-60): Apophyses posteriores 2 × longer than apophyses anteriores. Elongate scales on posteroventral margin of A8. Lamella antevaginalis short, cylindrical, with ridge posterolaterally. Ductus bursae as long as corpus bursae, narrow on anterior 1/2; inception of ductus seminalis at middle of ductus bursae, bulged, with a sclerotized ring. Corpus bursae obovate.

Types.

Lectotype (designated here): male, “48” [hand-written], "Type No. 522 U.S.N.M." [red label], " Philonome clemmensella [sic] K[entuck]y. 5961Lis1 Cham[bers]" [hand-written], USNM. Paralectotypes: USA: Kentucky: 4♀, 3 ex., June 14 [no year] (Chambers), Type no. 1311, MCZ.

Material examined.

Canada: Ontario: Ottawa-Careton, Dunrobin: 1♀, 9 July 2007, CNCLEP00035968; 28 July, 2007, CNCLEP00038457, (L Scott). Quebec: 2♂, 21 July 2004, CNCLEP00006545, (JF Landry), CNC. USA: Alabama: Monroe Co.: Haines Island Park (31°43'23"N, 87°28'10"W): 2♂, 2♀, 26-27 May 1995 (R Brown, J MacGown & D Pollock), MSU. District of Columbia: Unspecified locality: 1♂, no date (Fernald); 1♂, 28 June 1885 (Fernald), "on oak"; 1♀, 21 June 1886 (Fernald); 1♂, 11 July 1896, “Hickory”; 3♀, 2-4 June 1897, "from Linden"; 1♀, September 1953, USNM. Florida: Pinellas Co.: Dunedin: Hammock Park: 1♂, 22 April 1987 (LC Dow), [GSN] USNM 96414, USNM. Kentucky: No specified locality: 1♂, no date & collector, USNM. Illinois: Macon Co.: Decatur: 1♂, 8-15 June [no year], USNM. Putnam Co.: 1♀, 30 June 1976 (MO Glenn), USNM. Maryland: Montgomery Co.: Takoma Park: 1♂, 1♀, 8 July 1986 (WE Steiner); 1♂, 7 July 1986, USNM. Wicomico Co.: 1km SW Sharptown at Plum Creek: 1♀, 12 July 1986 (JM Hill et al.), USNM. Massachusetts: Dukes Co.: Martha’s Vineyard: 1♂, 13 July [no year] (FM Jones); 1 ex., 29 July [no year], all USNM. New Jersey: Burlington Co.: Medford: Lake Pine: 1♂, 13 July 1974 (DC Rentz), USNM. Essex Co.: Caldwell: 3♂, 2♀, 8 July 1900 (WD Kearfott), USNM. Essex County Park: 1♀, 20 May [no year] (WD Kearfott); 1♂, 7 July [no year], GSN: USNM 29977; 1♂, 12 July 1901; 1♂, 15 July [no year], USNM. Montclair: 1♀, 10 July [no year] (WD Kearfott), USNM; 1♂, 18 July [no year] (WD Kearfott), USNM. New York: Tompkins Co.: Ithaca: Six Mile Creek: 1♀, 23 July 1960 (RW Hodges), USNM. Unspecified locality: 1♀, "4971/ WLSM. 1906" (Beutenmueller), USNM. North Carolina: Craven Co.: Cherrypoint: 1 ♀, 3 July 1961 (SS Nicolay); 1♀, 12 July 1961; 1♀, 21 July 1961, all USNM. Harnett Co.: Spout Springs: 1♂, 25 August 1984 (WE Steiner et al.), USNM. Ohio: Hamilton Co.: Cincinnati, 1 ex., 23 June 1906 (A Braun); 1♂, 1♀, 27-28 June 1906, [GSN] USNM 16405 (♂); 1♀, 24 July 1907; 1♂, 3 August 1907; 1♂, 16 June 1908, all USNM. PENNSYLVANIA: Adams Co.: Arendtsville: 5♂, 6 July 1921 (SW Frost), USNM, GSN: USNM 29575. Allegheny Co.: Oak Station: 1♂, 6 July 1907 (F Marloff); 1♂, 11 July 1907, all USNM. Beaver Co.: New Brighton: 2♂, 11 July 1907 (Merrick Museum); 1♂, 23 July 1907; 1♂, 2♀, 26 July 1907, [GSN] USNM 34213 (♀), USNM. South Carolina: Charleston Co.: McClellanville: Wedge Plantation: 1♀, 11 May 1981 (RW Hodges), USNM, GSN: USNM 34212. Tennessee: Cocke Co.: Great Smoky Mt. National Park: Foothills Parkway (35°48'59"N, 83°13'11"W): 3♂, 1♀, 9 June 2002 (RL Brown & SM Lee), MSU. Texas: Harris Co.: 1♂, 20 May 1984 (Bellaire), [GSN] USNM 96415; 1♂, 2 April 1986, all USNM. Virginia: Fairfax Co.: 1km E Fairfax City: 1♂, 9 July 2005 (J Brown), USNM. Unspecified locality: 1♀, 27 June 1886, USNM. West Virginia: Morgan Co.: Sleepy Creek Forest: 2♂, 1 July 2010 (J Glaser); 1♂, 16 July 2011; 1♂, 19 July 2011; 1♂, 21 July 2011, USNM.

Distribution.

Eastern Canada and the United States west to Texas.

Host plants.

Hickory ( Juglandaceae: Carya) and linden ( Tiliaceae: possibly Tilia americana L.) (Forbes 1923). These are from the label data in the USNM collection. The collection also includes a specimen whose label data states that it came from oak ( Fagaceae: Quercus). The label data give no details other than plant common names. Therefore, it is not clear if these records refer to larval host plants or where the adults were collected.