Parapolybia crocea Saito-Morooka, Nguyen & Kojima, sp. nov.

(Figs 3, 4, 53–64, 84, 87)

Parapolybia indica: Yamane et al. 1995: 75 (syn.: P. takasagona Sonan, 1944), 77; Kurzenko 1995: 282 (key); Yamane et al. 1999: 452.

Parapolybia indica indica: van der Vecht 1966: 26 (key), 27, fig. 11a, part.

Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. indica, but distinguished from the latter by the following characters: female paired longitudinal yellow band on mesoscutum and paired yellow spots on T2 distinct; male genital volsella apically rounded.

Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♀, JAPAN: Shimonomiya, Daigo, Ibaraki, 15.ix.2014, 36°49'15''N, 140°23'07''E, 190 m, F. S.-Morooka [IUNH]. PARATYPES. JAPAN: Ibaraki: 2 ♀ [IUNH], Mito, 24.vii.2008, S. Nohara; 4 ♀ 2 ♂ [IUNH], Daigo, 24–27.viii.2010, J. Kojima; 2 ♂ [IUNH], Diago, 15.ix.2014, F. S.-Morooka; 3 ♀ [IUNH] Shimonomiya, Daigo, 36°49'15''N 140°23'07.5''E, 190 m, 30.vii.2014, J. Kojima; 1 ♂ [NIAES], Kouyadai, Tsukuba, 15–26.ix.1993, T. Matsumura; Tokyo: 14 ♂ [NIAES], Mt. Takao, J. Minamikawa, [6 ♂, 9.ix.1963; 1 ♂, 15.ix.1963; 6 ♂, 22.ix.1963; 1 ♂, 29.ix.1963]; Chiba: 2 ♀ [NIAES], Godaibata, Kimitsu, M. Nitta et al. [1 ♀, 2– 9.vii.1997; 1 ♀, 25.vi.–2.vii.1997]; Yamanashi: 2 ♂ [NIAES], Shiotu, 14.ix.1964. KOREA: Seoul: 20 ♀ (IUNH), 37°28'N, 126°57'E, Seoul National Univ., 12.viii.2010, J. Kojima, [10 ♀, Nest#Pp-K-2010-2; 10 ♀, Nest#Pp-K- 2010-3]. CHINA: Guangdong (=Kwangtung): 1 ♀ (BPBM), N. Kwangtung, Loh-Chang Dist., 11.ix.1947, J.L. Gressitt. VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc: 2 ♀ 1 ♂ (IUNH), Tam Dao, 900–1200 m, 30.vii–3.viii.2012, D.T. Tran. Other material. JAPAN: Akita: 3 ♀ (IUNH), Yuse SA, Kazuno, 40°07'33''N 140°50'06''E, ca. 275m, 6.ix.2014, J. Kojima; 10 ♀ (IUNH), Kosaka PA, Kosaka, 40°20'40''N 140°43'53''E, ca. 260 m, 5.x.2014, J. Kojima; Iwate: 3 ♀ (IUNH), Kinshuko SA, Nishiwaga, 39°17'56''N 140°50'35''E, ca. 310 m, 5.ix.2014, J. Kojima; Fukushima: 1 ♀ (IUNH), Ishikawa-machi, 37°08'26.90''N 140°27'39.46''E, ca. 400 m, 14.viii–25.xi.2013, Bait Traps, F. S.- Morooka; Saitama: 1 ♀ (IUNH), Kumagaya, 36°06'N; 139°22'E, 50 m, 9–17.viii.2012, Bait Traps, F.S.-Morooka; 1 ♀ (IUNH), Nourin park, Fukaya, 36°06'N; 139°17'E, 90 m, F. S.-Morooka; Tokyo: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Mt. Mitake, 23.vi.1962, K. Kondo; 2 ♂, Mt. Takao, 27.viii.1966, M. Suwa; Toyama: 1♀ (SEHU), Ooiwa, Toyama, 27.vii.1983, S. Takagi; Gifu: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Dachi, Tokishi, 8.x–8.xii.2007, Malaise Trap, S. Tsukamoto; Shizuoka: 3 ♀ 4 ♂ (SEHU), Shizuoka, Hirano, T. Hattori, (3 ♀ 3 ♂, 18.ix.1977, 1 ♂, 14.ix.1977); Wakayama: 1 ♂ (SEHU), Kozagawa, Wakayama-shi, 21.ix.1974, T. Kumata; 2 ♀ 1 ♂ (SEHU), Kiiohshima, Kushimoto-cho, E. Ikeda [2 ♀, 29.iv.1991, 1 ♂, 6.ix.1990]; 1 ♀ (IUNH), Megurogawa, Wakayama, 24.vii.2000, J. Kojima; Kochi: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Kochi-shi, 16.ix.1934, K. Oike; Nagasaki: 2 ♀ (IUNH), Mine, Tsushima, 34°27'41''N 129°18'42''E, 26.vii.2014, J. Kojima; Fukuoka: 3 ♀ (SEHU), [2 ♀, Hisayama, Fukuoka, 2.vii.1992, E. Ikeda; Kyoto: 1 ♀, Daimonjiyma, Sakyo, Kyoto[-shi], 28.vii.1992]; Kumamoto: 1 ♂ (SEHU), Neko-Dake, Takamori-cho, 12.ix.2006, S. Imamura; 1 ♀, Otogase, chouyou-son, 30.iv.2007, S. Imamura; Kagoshima: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Mt. Takakuma, 26.iv.1967, T. Kocha; 1 ♀ (SEHU), Kirishima jingu, 500–900 m, 10–12.vi.1980, M. Suwa; 2 ♀ (SEHU), 31°53'N, 130°50'E, Kirishima onsen, Makizono-cho, 24–25.viii.2002, T. Yoshida; 3 ♀ (SEHU), Y. Rokusawa [1 ♀, vi.2004; 1 ♀, Oyamda-cho, Kagoshima-shi, 3.vii.2004; 1 ♀, Kenminno-mori, Aira-cho, 14.v.2004]; 4 ♀ (SEHU), Isa, Okujissou, 28.vii.2007, T. Yamasaki. CHINA: Fujian: 1 ♀ (BPBM), Foochow, vii.1924, J.F. Illingworth; Hong Kong: 1 ♀ (BPBM), N.T. Taipokau, 15.vi.1964, W.J. Voss & W.M. Hui. TAIWAN: Taipei: 1 ♀ (NMNS), Yangminshan, 27–28.vii.1998, M.M. Yang & M.L. Chan; Yilan: 1 ♀ (TARI, PARATYPE of Paraplybia takasagona Sonan), Taiheizan [=Taipingshan], ii.1930, S. Minowa, 84; Taoyuan: 1 ♀ (NMNS), No.07 Prov. RD, 43–57 km, 11–12.ix.1999, M.M. Yang; Nantou: 1 ♀ (NMNS), Lienhuachin, 2.v–12.vi.2001, C.S. Lin & W.T. Yang. VIETNAM: Cao Bang: 2 ♀ (IUNH), Thanh Cong, Nguyen Binh, J. Kojima et al. [1 ♀, 22°32.5'N, 105°52'E, 7.viii.2012; 1 ♀, 22°34'N, 105°53'E, 9.viii.2012]; Hoa Binh: 8 ♀ (IUNH / IEBR), Pa Co, Mai Chau, 20°44.5'N, 104°53.5'E, 1450 m, 27.viii.2006, L.T.P. Nguyen, F. Saito & J. Kojima, Nest#VN-Pp- 2006-16. LAOS: Vientiane: 4 ♀ (BPBM), Ban Van Heue, [2 ♀, 14–15.iv.1965, J.L. Gressitt; 1 ♀, 20 km E of Phou-know-kuei, 15–31.iv.1965, native collector; 1 ♀, 20 km E of Phou-know-kuei, 1–15.iv.1965, J.A. Rondon]. THAILAND: Chon Buri: 1 ♀ (BPBM), Ban Bang Phra, 6.iii.1968, D.E. Hardy.

Description. FEMALE. Body length 12.0–15.0 mm; fore wing length 10.5–14.5 mm. Head in frontal view, about as wide as high (Fig. 53). Gena developed, somewhat swollen laterally, but hardly visible in frontal view of head (Fig. 53), in lateral view about as wide as eye (Fig. 54). Ocelli close to each other (Fig. 55); distance between anterior and posterior ocelli rarely longer than half of Od; POD less than Od; anterior ocellus diameter 0.25–0.28 mm, larger than Od (0.22–0.27 mm); OOD 1.9 × as large as Od. Eyes with sparse, short setae. T1 long (2.9–3.9 mm long, Figs 56–57), posteriorly swollen dorsally, 3.0 × longer than the maximum height, 2.5 × as long as its own maximum width.

Color. Body ground color yellow (Fig. 3); following parts brown to dark brown: scape and pedicel dorsally, anterior margin of clypeus, teeth of mandible, narrow ill-defined band in bottom of supraclypeal area, spot above antennal socket, vertex, median spot on pronotal collar, narrow band along posterodorsal margin of pronotum, median furrow of mesopleuron, anterior margin of mesoscutum, mesoscutum except for paired longitudinal yellow bands, anterior margin, median line and dorsolateral lines of propodeum, dorsal side of T1, T2–T6 except for paired large basal yellow spots, posterior margin of S2–S5. Legs yellow; mid and hind trochanters, dorsal line of femur, apical one-third of tibia, brown. Wings semihyaline, pale brown (Figs 3–4).

MALE. Body length 12.0–13.0 mm; fore wing length 12.0–13.0 mm. Head in frontal view 0.9 × as wide as high (Fig. 58). Ocelli close to each other (Fig. 59); distance between anterior and posterior ocelli less than Od; POD less than Od; anterior ocellus diameter 0.24–0.29 mm, larger than Od (0.21–0.26 mm); OOD about equal to Od. F11 1.6 × as long as F10 (0.7–0.8 mm, Fig. 60). T1 less swollen than in female (3.1–3.4 mm long, Figs 61–62), 3.3 × longer than the maximum height, 2.8 × as long as its own maximum width. Parameral spine with dense hairy setae (Fig. 63). Digitus apically slightly bulged. Proximal margin of aedeagus ventrally produced (Fig. 64).

Color. Similar to female, but narrow brown band at bottom of supraclypeal area and small spot above antennal socket absent.

Etymology. The specific name originates from a Latine croceus (yellow, golden) with reference to the body coloration.

Distribution. Japan (except Hokkaido and south of Kuchino-jima island in the Nansei Islands) (Yamane et al. 1999, Takamizawa 2005, cited as “ Parapolybia indica ”), South Korea, China (Guangdong, Fujian, Hong Kong), Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (North Vietnam).

Remarks. In addition to the references listed in the synonimies, all of the refernces describing biological aspects of the Japanese population under “ Parapolybia indica ”, such as Sekijima et al. (1981), Sugiura et al. (1983a, b), Kojima (1992a, b) and Saito-Morooka (2014), are of this species.