Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 . Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:71.

TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden, Upsala according to Thomas (1911a); but Linnaeus (1758) cited "Habitat in Poloniae", possibly refering to the Aurochs, which he recognized as conspecific with domestic cattle .

DISTRIBUTION: Europe and W Russia to the Middle East, surviving at least into the Iron Age in the Middle East; extinct in the wild, except in Poland, by commencement of 15th century; last wild individual died in 1627. Distributed worldwide under domestication; feral populations in Spain, France, Australia, New Guinea, USA, Colombia, Argentina and many islands, including Hawaiian, Galapagos, Dominican Republic / Haiti, Tristan da Cunha, New Amsterdam and Juan Fernandez Isis.

SYNONYMS: bunnelli, indicus, primigenius .

COMMENTS: Includes primigenius (extinct wild ancestor) and indicus; but see Corbet (1978c:206).