Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817) . Am. Mon. Mag., 1:436.

TYPE LOCALITY: USA, South Dakota, mouth of Big Sioux River .

DISTRIBUTION: Baja California and Sonora to N Tamaulipas (Mexico); W USA (to Minnesota); W Canada; Alaskan Panhandle (USA). Introduced to Kauai (Hawaiian Isis) and Argentina.

STATUS: U.S. ESA and IUCN - Endangered as O. h. cerrosensis.

SYNONYMS: auritus, californiens, canus, cerrosensis, columbianus, crooki, eremicus, fuliginatus, inyoensis, lewisii, macrotis, montanus, peninsulae, punctulatus, pusilla, richardsoni, scaphiotus, sheldoni, sitkensis, virgultus.

COMMENTS: Revised by Cowan (1936); reviewed by A.E. Anderson and Wallmo (1984, Mammalian Species, 219).