20. × Buteo lineatus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788)

Red-shouldered Hawk (Gavilán de Hombros Rojos)

Falco lineatus J. F. Gmelin, 1788, Syst. Nat ., edn. 13, vol. 1, pt. 1, p. 268.

Calohierax quadratus: Wetmore 1937: 429.

Buteo sp.: Olson & Hilgartner 1982: 26.

Buteo lineatus: Olson 2000: 60.

Buteo quadratus: Oswald & Steadman 2018: 363.

F [alco]. lineatus: Orihuela 2019: 60.

Referred material.— Femur: proximal end of right, MNHNCu 75.4614 (fig. 1A, right [anterior]). Tibiotarsus: distal halves of right, MNHNCu 75.4615 (fig. 1B, right [anterior]), and left, MNHNCu 75.4616; distal end of left, MNHNCu 75.4617. Tarsometatarsus: distal halves of right, MNHNCu 75.4618 (fig. 1C, right [anterior]), and left, MNHNCu 75.4619. Cited material and figures are from Suárez & Olson (2003b). Specimens collected in San Felipe II during 25–28 November 1998 (not ‘1988’ as stated [lapsus calami] in Suárez & Olson 2003b: 71) by members of Depto. de Geología y Paleontología, MNHNCu. Catalogue numbers for this material in Suárez (2020a: 27) are incorrect.

Distribution.—Asphalt deposits in west Cuba (see Appendix). Matanzas. Martí: MLB (San Felipe II, Suárez & Olson 2003b: 71, Suárez 2020a: 27). For fossil localities in the Bahamas (as ‘ Buteo quadratus ’), see Steadman & Franklin (2020). For current continental distribution, see Dykstra et al. (2020).

Direct 14 C dating .—None in Cuba. For dating of other bird species at MLB, see Antigone cubensis, Gymnogyps varonai and Ornimegalonyx oteroi, and of associated extinct mammals ( Parocnus browni = 11,880 ± 420 to 4,960 ± 280 years 14 C BP), see Jull et al. (2004) and Steadman et al. (2005).

Notes.—Very rare in Cuba (Suárez & Olson 2003b, Suárez 2020a). Orihuela (2019: 60) indicated that ‘Cuban remains [of Buteo lineatus] were described as “more consistently robust” than the comparative material of the Grey Hawk ( Buteo nitidus)’, but the reverse is true (Suárez & Olson 2003b: 71). Also recorded from Quaternary deposits in the Bahamas (Olson 2000; see Olson & Hilgartner 1982, Steadman & Franklin 2020), where it was originally described (Wetmore 1937) as Calohierax quadratus Wetmore. The latter species is considered valid under Buteo by some authors (see Oswald & Steadman 2018, Steadman & Franklin 2020).