Phanacis Foerster, 1860 (Phanacidini)

Figs 80-82, 95

Type species.

Parapanteliella eugeniae Diakontschuk, 1981.

Diagnosis.

Pronotum tall and broad dorsomedially. Pronotal submedial pits rather indistinct and poorly impressed, appearing as a narrow linear impression rather than distinct ovular pits. Pronotal plate present, usually only distinct in anterior half of pronotum. Mesopleuron sculpture reticulate. Mesoscutellar foveae distinct. Fore wing with marginal cell partially open, with vein R1 reaching anterior margin of fore wing and continuing along wing margin but not meeting vein Rs. Wings always hyaline, never tinted or with darkened areas. Metatarsal claws without basal lobe. Metasomal tergites 2 and 3 free and articulate, never with a syntergite.

Note.

Phanacidini includes two North American species, both in Phanacis Förster, which have been introduced along with their host plants (Nastasi and Deans 2021). Phanacis hypochoeridis (Kieffer, 1887) induces galls on Hypochaeris radicata L. and is apparently restricted to the western United States (Nastasi and Deans 2021). The other species, P. taraxaci (Ashmead, 1897), induces galls on Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (Fig. 95) and is widespread in eastern North America (Nastasi and Deans 2021).

North American species (Nastasi and Deans 2021):

1. Phanacis hypochoeridis (Kieffer, 1887)

2. Phanacis taraxaci (Ashmead, 1897)