Sciopemyia shimabukuroae Chaves Júnior & Andrade sp. n.

(Figs 11–14)

Diagnosis. Male: preapical papilla on flagellomere III present; 5 th palpal segment larger than 3 rd and shorter than or as long as sum of 3 rd + 4 th; gonocoxite with basal tuft of setae; gonocoxite ≥ 195 µm, arch-shaped on its dorsal margin; aedeagal ducts ≥ 695 µm. Female: preapical papilla on flagellomere III present; 5 th palpal segment larger than 3 rd and shorter than or as long as sum of 3 rd + 4 th; posterior teeth of the cibarium straight, facing the pharynx; anterior teeth arranged in a “V” shaped row.

Male holotype. Head (Fig. 11A) 363 (349/377, n = 2) in length, 290 (275/278, n = 2) in width. Arrangement of deciduous bristles in the occiput region forming an “X” shape; clypeus 128 (116/128, n = 2) in length; eye 142 (122/145, n = 2) in length, 81 (61/96, n = 2) in width; interocular distance 139 (136/142, n = 2). Pharynx with streaks and no teeth (Fig. 11B). Cibarium without teeth (Fig. 11B). Labial suture complete (Fig. 11A). Labrumepipharynx (LE) 159 (162/168, n = 2) (Fig. 11C). Antenna (Figs 11D–F, 12A–K): flagellomere length (F): FI 502 (400/469, n = 2), FII 246 (218/237, n = 2), FIII 237 (214/242, n = 2), FXIII 90 (90/99, n = 2) and FXIV 84 (78/84, n = 2). Ascoids: with short posterior spur and atrophied peduncle, anterior spur is long in FI and reaches the level of the preapical papilla (Fig. 11D), but does not reach FII; external ascoids located on a more apical level than the internal in FI; presence of preapical papillae on FI– FIII (Figs 11D–F); papillae absent on FIV– FVIII (Figs 12A–E); one papilla on FIX (Fig. 12F), three papillae on FX (Fig. 12G), four papillae on FXI (Fig. 12H), presence of five, six, six papillae distributed on FXII, FXIII and FXIV, respectively (Figs 12I–K); spiniform preapical papilla on FIX (Fig. 12F), FXI (Fig. 12H) and FXIII (Fig. 12J). Presence of simple setae on FVIII – FXIV (Figs 12E–K). Palpi (P) (Fig. 11G), palpal segment length: PI 41 (32/41, n = 2), PII 78 (75, n = 2), PIII 145 (136/148, n = 2), PIV 93 (93, n = 2) and PV 206 (229, n = 2). Palpal formula: 1-2-4-3-5 (n = 3); PIII with Newstead’s sensilla scattered along the segment (Fig. 11G) .

Cervix. Ventro-cervical sensilla absent. Cervical sclerites bearing a pair of spiniform sensilla.

Thorax. Mesonotum 496 (453/533, n = 2) in length; pronotum, anepisternum, metanotum and postnotum light brown, paratergite and pleura off-white. One proepimeral seta; 16 upper anepisternal setae. Setae presence on the anterior margin of the katepisternum. Wing (Fig. 12L): 2,275 (2,183 / 2,432, n = 2) in length, 606 (664, n = 2) in width; veins: R 5 1,387 (1,628, n = 2); alfa 586 (614, n = 2); beta 232 (273/278, n = 2); gamma 275 (203/296, n = 2); delta 159 (81/154, n = 2); pi 153 (80, n = 2). Legs: median and posterior legs absent in all specimens. Legs (anterior, median, posterior): Coxae: 372 (349/381, n = 2), 353 (311/358, n = 2), 363 (326/363, n = 2); Femur: 956, median lost, posterior lost; Tibia: 1,480, median lost, posterior lost; Tarsomere I: 956, median lost, posterior lost. Sum of tarsomeres II+III+IV+V (anterior, median, posterior): 836, median lost, posterior lost.

Abdomen: 1,739 (1,498 / 1,665, n = 2) in length; tergal papillae absent. Terminalia (Fig. 12M): gonocoxite 206 (197/206, n = 2) in length, 49 (46/58, n = 2) in width, with basal tuft of setae, 10–11 (10/12, n = 2) long setae. Gonostyle 157 (148/174, n = 2) in length, without preapical seta and with four spines: one apical, one upper external, one lower external, and one internal. The four spines are well-developed. The lower external spine is located at a level closer to the internal spine than the upper external. Internal spine located in the apical third of the gonostyle. Paramere (Fig. 12M): dorsal margin 148 (171, n = 2) and ventral 183 (191/206, n = 2) in length; the basal level of the bristles in the dorsal margin reaches the apical level of the implantation of the bristles in the ventral margin (Fig. 12M). Parameral sheath sclerotized and coniform. Epandrial lobe 252 (261, n = 2) in length, 29 (26/35, n = 2) in width and rounded at the apex. Sperm pump (Fig. 12N) 128 (125, n = 2); ejaculatory apodeme 101 (96/101, n = 2); aedeagal ducts with bevelled apex (Fig. 12N), 702 (696/734, n = 2) in length and 3 (3, n = 2) in width; 7 times the length of the ejaculatory apodeme. Cercus: 157 (165/168, n = 2) in length, 49 (46/52, n = 2) in width.

Material examined: Male holotype (Nº 92124) and two males paratypes (Nº 92125, 92126). Capture location: municipality of Santa Bárbara (19º59′08″ S, 43º45′01″ W), localized in state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Collection date: 09 and 15/xii/2011. Trap: CDC. Collector: Bess et al. Material deposited at FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB .

Female. Head (Fig. 13A): 367 (367–437, n = 4) in length, 293 (293–348, n = 3) in width. Arrangement of deciduous bristles in the occiput region forming an “X” shape; clypeus 122 (119–139, n = 4) in length; eyes 139 (139–165, n = 4) in length, 78 (72–97, n = 4) in width; interocular distance 145 (142–162, n = 4). Pharynx with streaks and short teeth (Fig. 13B). Labrum-epipharynx (LE) (Fig. 13C): 206 (191–235, n = 4). Mandible, hypopharynx and lacinia of maxilla not visible on paratype (Nº 92127), description based on the other paratype (Nº 92128): mandible as shown (Fig. 13F). Hypopharynx with 28–30 on apical region (Fig. 13D). Lacinia of maxilla with 32 internal teeth and without external teeth (Fig. 13E). Cibarium (Fig. 13B) with four posterior teeth well-developed, straight, and facing the pharynx, 16 anterior teeth arranged in a “ V ” shaped row; sclerotized area short and triangular; sclerotized arch incomplete. Antenna (Figs 13G–I, 14A–K): flagellomere length (F): FI 437 (390–465, n = 4), FII 200 (186–209, n = 4), FIII 200 (186–209, n = 4), FXIII 93 (96, n = 2), and FXIV 87 (90, n = 2). Ascoids: with short posterior spur and atrophied peduncle, anterior spur is long in FI and reaches the level of the preapical papilla (Fig. 13G), but does not reach FII; external ascoids located on a more apical level than the internal in FI; presence of preapical papilla on FI– FIII (Figs 13G–I); papillae absent on FIV– FVIII (Figs 14A–E); presence of one papilla on FIX (not visible in the paratype (Nº 92127), present in the other paratypes), three papillae on FX and FXI (Figs 14G and H); presence of five papillae on FXII, FXIII and FXIV (Figs 14I–K); preapical spiniform papilla observed on FIX (Fig. 14F), FXI (Fig. 14H), and FXIII (Fig. 14J). Presence of simple setae on FVIII – FXIV (Figs 14E–K). Labial suture complete (Fig. 13A). Palpi (P) (Fig. 13J), palpal segment lenght: PI 41 (41–46, n = 4), PII 90 (72–93, n = 4), PIII 136 (136–157, n = 4), PIV 96 (84–104, n = 5) and PV 215 (191–215, n = 4). Palpal formula: 1-2-4-3-5; PIII (Fig. 13J) with Newstead’s sensilla scattered along the segment.

Cervix: Ventro-cervical sensilla absent. Cervical sclerites bearing a pair of spiniform sensilla.

Thorax: Mesonotum 547 (547–679, n = 4) in length. Mesonotum, pronotum, anepisternum, metanotum and postnotum light brown, paratergite and pleura off-white. Two to three proepimeral setae; 10–11 upper anepisternal setae. Setae presence on the anterior region of katepisternum.Wings damaged in the paratype (Nº 92127); description based on the other paratype (Nº 92128). Wing (Fig. 14L): 2,460 (2,275 –2,682, n = 4) in length, 803 (664–803, n = 4) in width; veins: R 5 1,542 (1,332 –1,665, n = 4); alfa 730 (591–788, n = 4); beta 256 (209–284, n = 3); gamma 325 (220–333, n = 4); delta 130 (130–241, n = 4); pi 73 (51–73, n = 4). Legs absent in all specimens. Coxae (anterior, median, posterior): 353 (353–437, n = 4), 349 (349–433, n = 4), 353 (353–428, n = 4). Femur: anterior lost, median lost, posterior lost. Tibia: anterior lost, median lost, posterior lost. Tarsomere I: anterior lost, median lost, posterior lost. Sum of tarsomeres II+III+IV+ V: anterior lost, median lost, posterior lost.

Abdomen: 1,924 (1,887, n = 2) in length; tergal papillae absent. Spermathecae not visible in paratype (Nº 92127), description based on another paratype (Nº 92129). Spermathecae (Fig. 14M): 49 (n = 1) in length, 12 (n = 1) in width; with poorly defined rings; terminal knob: 9 (n = 1) in length and 6 (n = 1) in width, individualized, with rounded shape and without bristles in the apical region; common spermathecal duct: 44 (n = 1) in length, 10 (n = 1) in width; individual spermathecal duct not fully visualized, 6 (n = 1) in width, they are membranous with smooth walls and their widths are uniform throughout their length (Fig. 14M). Cercus: 159 (139–150, n = 4) in length and 52 (64–70, n = 4) in width.

Material examined: 5 females paratypes (Nº 92127, 92128, 92129, 92130, 92131). Capture location: municipality of Santa Bárbara (19º59′08″ S, 43º45′01″ W), localized in state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Collection date: 08/vii/2011, 09 and 13/i/2012. Trap: CDC Collector: Bess et al. Material deposited in the FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB .

Etymology: The species name pays homage to Dr. Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro, “Instituto René Rachou”, Fiocruz, Minas Gerais for her studies in taxonomy of the American sand flies.

Distribution: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Santa Bárbara; Rio Acima (Costa et al. 2021); Pains.

Medical importance: Studies have not yet been conducted on this species regarding vector competence or capacity, or natural infection by parasites.

Comments: Females and males identified as “ Sciopemyia aff. microps ” by Costa et al. (2021) are the same specimens proposed as Sciopemyia shimabukuroae sp. n. in the present study. It is known that the species can be found in caves feeding on anurans (Costa et al. 2021).