Key to species of Tabanus Linnaeus in Egypt

1 Eyes dichoptic (females)................................................................................ 2

- Eyes holoptic (males)................................................................................. 19

2 Lower callus lacking or reduced, occupying less than 3/4 width of frons; basicosta covered with yellowish hairs.. [ Atylotus]

- Lower callus usually distinct and broad, occupying at least 3/4 width of frons; basicosta densely and entirely covered with black hairs [ Tabanus]................................................................................. 3

3 Subcallus entirely smooth (Fig. 3 G)..................................................................... 4

- Subcallus entirely dusted (Figs 3 A, C, D, E, F, H, I, K), at most smooth on the upper margin (Figs 3 B, J)............... 6

4 Subcallus flat, with 3 semicircular furrows around each antenna (Fig. 3 L); abdomen lilac-brown........ T. unicinctus Loew

- Subcallus bulging, without furrows (Fig. 3 G); abdomen blackish.............................................. 5

5 Eyes with microsetae; subcallus gently bulging; frons parallel-sided; R4 with appendix appearing in at least one wing........................................................................................... T. leucostomus Loew

- Eyes bare; subcallus strongly bulging (Fig. 1 H); frons with sides not parallel (Fig. 3 G); R4 without appendix in either wing (Fig. 4 F)............................................................................... T. mordax Austen

6 Subcallus partly smooth on its upper margin in contact with lower callus (Figs 3 B, J)................................ 7

- Subcallus entirely dusted............................................................................... 8

7 Abdomen greyish with 4 longitudinal, elongated and separated brown spots (Fig. 5 B); R4 without appendix in either wing (Fig. 4 C)............................................................................... T. arenivagus Austen

- Abdomen blackish-brown to black with row of grey median triangles, and with 2 separated whitish-grey longitudinal spots, longest on segment 2 (Fig. 5 H); R4 with appendix on at least one wing (Fig. 4 I)...................... T. sufis Jaennicke

8 Eyes with microsetae; antennae strongly contrasting with all segments orange and flagellum black (Fig. 2 B).... lunatus Fabricius

- Eyes bare; antennal segments not obviously contrasting...................................................... 9

9 Red species........................................................................................ 10

- Greyish brown, brown or blackish species................................................................. 11

10 Abdomen with 2 longitudinal blackish stripes; R4 without appendix in either wing................... T. terminalis Walker

- Abdomen not striped; R4 with appendix in at least one wing...................................... T. siccus Walker

11 Frons with sides not parallel (Figs 3 A, D, E, I)............................................................ 12

- Frons with parallel sided (Figs 3 C, H, K)................................................................. 16

12 Parafacial band distinct; middle callus less developed, often indistinct (Fig. 3 E)....................... T. leleani Austen

- No parafacial band; middle callus well developed.......................................................... 13

13 Abdomen blackish-brown with 2 longitudinal white oval separated spots and row of grey median triangles (Fig. 5 A)............................................................................................. T. albifacies Loew

- Abdomen greyish with four longitudinal brown stripes (Figs 5 D, G)........................................... 14

14 R4 with appendix on at least one wing (Fig. 4 H); middle callus quadrate shape (Fig. 3 I)............. T. separatus Efflatoun

- R4 without appendix on either wing; middle callus oval shape (Fig. 3 D)........................................ 15

15 Narrow bodied, elongate species, more than 12 mm; scape pinkish color; abdomen with inner margin of the two median stripes parallel, not expanded.................................................................. T. accensus Austen

- Small species, less than 12 mm; scape grayish white color; abdomen with inner margin of the two median stripes expanded on terga 3 and 4 (Fig. 5 D)..................................................................... T. gratus Loew

16 R4 with appendix on at least one wing (Fig. 4 G); with parafacial band on each side of antennae; middle callus crescent shape (Fig. 3 H).............................................................................. T. rupinae Austen

- R4 without appendix on either wing; no parafacial band; middle callus otherwise shape............................ 17

17 Antennae uniformly reddish yellow; abdomen yellowish brown with 4 longitudinal blackish stripes, terga 1 and 2 with black spot at middle, terga 4–6 with blackish spots on lateral margins (Fig. 5 J)...................... T. ptolemaeanus Szilády

- Antennae not uniformly colored; abdomen not as above (Figs 5 C, I)............................................ 18

18 Abdomen tapered at both ends (Fig. 5 I); scutellum black with reddish-brown apex; lower callus in females large, square- shaped, middle callus elongated (Fig. 3 K).......................................... T. taeniola Palisot de Beauvois

- Abdomen broad (Fig. 5 C); scutellum greyish-brown; lower callus in females elongate-ovoid or drop-shaped, middle callus very narrow (Fig. 3 C)................................................................ T. autumnalis Linnaeus

19 Basicosta covered with yellowish hairs, at most with few black hairs on apical margin; most species with head deeply concave posteriorly and convex anteriorly (Fig. 1 A); R4 with appendix on at least one wing (Figs 4 A, B)............... [ Atylotus]

- Basicosta densely and entirely covered with black hairs; most species with head broad, not convex anteriorly or concave poste- riorly (Fig. 1 D), if convex anteriorly (Figs 1 C,E), R4 lacking appendix on either wing (Figs 4 F, J) (except T. leucostomus), if concave posteriorly not strongly convex anteriorly (Fig. 1 B) Tabanus]......................................... 20

20 Eyes with microsetae................................................................................. 21

- Eyes bare.......................................................................................... 22

21 Subcallus flat, entirely dusted; antennae strongly contrasting with all segments orange and flagellum black; R4 lacking appen- dix on either wing...................................................................... T. lunatus Fabricius

- Subcallus gently bulging, entirely smooth; antennae black, flagellum indistinctly reddish at extreme bases; R4 with appendix on at least one wing.................................................................. T. leucostomus Loew

22 Subcallus strongly bulging, entirely smooth................................................... T. mordax Austen

- Subcallus flat, entirely dusted, at most smooth on ventral margin.............................................. 23

23 Subcallus partly smooth on upper margin in contact with lower callus.......................................... 24

- Subcallus entirely dusted............................................................................. 25

24 Abdomen blackish-brown to black with row of grey median triangles and with 2 separated whitish-grey longitudinal spots that are longest on segment 2; R4 with appendix on at least one wing.................................. T. sufis Jaennicke

- Abdomen greyish with 4 longitudinal, elongated and separated brown spots; R4 lacking appendix on either wing.............................................................................................. T. arenivagus Austen

25 Parafacial band distinct............................................................................... 26

- No parafacial band.................................................................................. 27

26 Antennae reddish brown; R4 with appendix on at least one wing................................... T. rupinae Austen

- Antennae black; R4 without appendix on either wing............................................. T. leleani Austen

27 Body length more than 14 mm ......................................................................... 28

- Body length less than 14 mm .......................................................................... 29

28 Eyes with sharply distinct band (Fig. 1 E); abdomen tapered at both ends; scutellum black with reddish-brown apex.................................................................................... T. taeniola Palisot de Beauvois

- Eyes with less distinct band (Fig. 1 B); abdomen broad; scutellum greyish-brown................. T. autumnalis Linnaeus

29 Brownish black species; abdomen blackish-brown with 2 longitudinal white oval separated spots and row of grey median tri- angles................................................................................. T. albifacies Loew

- Greyish brown species; abdomen greyish with four longitudinal brown stripes................................... 30

30 R4 with appendix; post occipital rim broad; antennal scape brownish grey........................ T. separatus Efflatoun

- R4 lacking appendix; post occipital rim narrow; antennal scape pinkish or yellowish grey.......................... 31

31 Scape yellowish grey; abdomen with inner margin of two median stripes expanded on terga 3 and 4......... T. gratus Loew

- Scape pinkish; abdomen with inner margin of two median stripe parallel, not expanded............... T. accensus Austen