Wing Pattern Identification Key for Males of the Thereus genena species group

1. DFW with scent patch only.............................................................. T. aguacatal sp. nov.

– DFW with scent pad and with or without scent patch.......................................................... 2

2. DFW with scent pad and scent patch.............................................. ......................... 3

– DFW with scent pad only............................................................................... 4

3. DFW triangular scent patch........................................................................ T. tiasa

– DFW rounded scent patch............................................................................... 5

4. DHW blue scales filling more than half of cell Rs-M 1............................. ............................ 6

– DHW with no blue scales in cell Rs-M 1 or only a few at base............................................... ..... 7

5. DFW scent patch filling more than one third of discal cell..................................................... 8

– DFW scent patch filling less than the distal quarter of the disc cell............................................... 9

6. DFW blue violet very extensive with reduced brown apex......................................... T. cacao sp. nov.

– DFW blue less extensive toward the apex................................. ................................. 10

7. DFW blue grey, VHW postmedian line with an important gap in M 1....................................... T. endera

– DFW bluer, VHW postmedian line with a small gap in M 1 ..................................................... 11

8. DFW scent patch filling the distal half of the discal cell................................... ... T. chontachaca sp. nov.

– DFW scent patch filling more than half of the discal cell........... ........................................... 12

9. DFW blue very extensive with reduced brown apex......................................................... 13

– DFW blue less extensive with larger brown apex and outer margin................................. ............. 14

10. DFW blue not completely surrounding the scent pad, VHW with only a few red-orange scales between anal and cubital spots...................................................................................... T. antecum sp. nov.

– DFW blue surrounding the scent pad, VHW with red-orange scales between anal and cubital spots..... .. T. geminus sp. nov.

11. VHW postmedian line not in contact with red-orange cubital spot in CuA 1 -CuA 2, only a few red-orange scales between anal and cubital red spots.................. ...................................................... T. angulus stat. rev.

– VHW postmedian line in contact with huge red-orange cubital spot in CuA 1 -CuA 2, red-orange scales between anal and cubital spots.......................... ............................................................... T. genena

12. DFW scent patch filling more than half of the discal cell, oval scent pad half smaller than scent patch.... T. ramirezi sp. nov.

– DFW scent patch filling the distal three-quarters of the cell, rounded scent pad reaching M 3, VHW postmedian line straight...................................................................................... T. borbaensis sp. nov.

13. DFW tear-shaped scent patch, adjacent to a smaller crescent-shaped scent pad, DHW red cubital spot not in contact with the postmedian line in CuA 1 -CuA 2 .......................................................... T. ortaloides stat. rev.

– DFW oval scent patch, adjacent to a half smaller oval scent pad, DHW red cubital spot in contact with the postmedian line in CuA 1 -CuA 2.......................................................................... T. praxioides sp. nov.

14. DFW oval scent patch........................................................................... T. ortalus

– DFW flattened oval scent patch..................................... ..................................... 15

15. DFW scent patch adjacent to an oval scent pad of similar size............ ................................. T. praxis

– DFW scent patch adjacent to a smaller rounded scent pad....................................... T. confusus sp. nov.

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Species accounts

An updated systematic list of all taxa in the genena species group is presented here:

Thereus endera (Hewitson, 1867)

-- thestia (Hewitson, 1867)

Thereus geminus Faynel & Fåhraeus sp. nov.

Thereus cacao Faynel & Fåhraeus sp. nov.

Thereus antecum Faynel & Fåhraeus sp. nov.

Thereus genena (Hewitson, 1867)

Thereus tiasa (Hewitson, 1869)

-- buris (H.H. Druce, 1907)

Thereus angulus (Le Crom & K. Johnson, 1997) stat. rev.

Thereus borbaensis Faynel, O’Brien & Fåhraeus sp. nov.

Thereus chontachaca Faynel, Fåhraeus & González-Mercado sp. nov.

Thereus ramirezi Faynel, Huertas & Fåhraeus sp. nov.

Thereus ortaloides (Lathy, 1930) stat. rev.

Thereus confusus Faynel & Fåhraeus sp. nov.

Thereus praxioides Faynel & Fåhraeus sp. nov.

Thereus praxis (Godman & Salvin, 1887)

Thereus ortalus (Godman & Salvin, 1887)

Thereus aguacatal Faynel, Le Crom & Fåhraeus sp. nov.

Among the genena species group, there are two sets of species that can be separated by the shape and position of their brush organs in the male genitalia, which also results in a separation in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1). The first one includes: T. endera, T. geminus sp. nov., T. cacao sp. nov., T. antecum sp. nov., T. genena, T. tiasa, T. angulus stat. rev., T. borbaensis sp. nov., T. chontachaca sp. nov., T. ramirezi sp. nov. All these species have dorsal brush organs attached to spatula-shaped processes located dorsally, in the middle of the fused tegumen/vinculum (Fig. 78 left, black arrow) and lateral ones shorter and pointed in the direction of the valvae tips (Fig. 78 left, red arrow). In this group, the eighth tergite is subrectangular (Fig. 79, left). Then there is a second set of species, including: T. ortaloides stat. rev., T. confusus sp. nov., T. praxioides sp. nov., T. praxis, T. ortalus, having huge dorsal brush organs (Fig. 78 right, black arrow) attached very close to the saccus to a dorsal triangular extension of the vinculum with a bowl-shaped base (Fig. 60, left arrow). The genital ring appears consequently more rectangular in ventral view. Another pair of brush organs is located ventrally (not laterally like previously), longer but less wide than in the previous set of species and oriented toward the gnathos and not the valvae. These hairs are implanted in a receptacle, which is a small deformation of the posterior part of the saccus (Fig. 78 left, red arrow), more visible in lateral view (Fig. 60, right arrow). The eighth tergite is longer with a W-shaped anterior border (Fig. 79, right). T. aguacatal sp. nov. is included in the second group in the ML tree but it has dorsal brush organs similar to the first set of species and ventrals ones turned towards the gnathos like the second one (Fig. 65).