Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) nautlana Cockerell, 1904

(Figs. 22–32, 108–110, 134)

Xylocopa nautlana Cockerell, 1904: 29 .

Holotype: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA (♀). Type locality: Mexico, Veracruz, San Rafael, Rio Nautla.

Diagnosis. Body length, female, 26.69 mm (24.67–30.18; n=5); male 32.02 mm (31.71–32.32; n=2). Female: Head with two arc-shaped elevations joined anteriorly to middle ocellus (Figs. 23 and 24), which lies between these structures and above upper margin of eyes; area between parapsidal line and mesoscutal disc with sparse punctures (separated by three or more times their diameter); wings dark brown with blue-purple iridescence (Fig. 26); pubescence evenly black; integument of terga evenly black; T1 to T3 with very dense, minute punctures on discal and sublateral areas; T2 to T4 with very minute hairs, T5 hair 0.99–1.18 (length respect MOD). Male: T1 to T5 yellowish with black bands on posterior margin, T6 mainly yellowish with a posterior band lighter than on previous terga, T7 and lateral areas of T2 to T7 yellowish; T6 and T7 with long, dense, yellowish hairs, dark-brown apically (Fig. 30); posterior tibia internal distal extreme with a robust projection as long as wide, anterior margin with noticeable lobe (Fig. 32); length of hairs on terga respect MOD, T2 0.20–0.69, T3 0.31–0.39, T4 with minute hairs, T5 0.26–0.50; tip of lateral process of the gonostylus ending broad, oval (Fig. 109).

Description. Female: Integument and pubescence black; wings dark brown with blue-purple iridescence (Fig. 26) with venation dark brown. Body length 26.69 mm (24.67–30.18; n=5); length of forewing 25.48 mm (23.68– 27.38; n=5), head length 7.24 mm (7.09–7.55; n=5), intertegular distance 8.28 mm (7.54–8.83; n=5), width of T2 12.65 mm (11.09–13.36; n=5). Head: With two arc-shaped elevations join in the anterior area of middle ocellus (Fig. 23), such that this ocellus lies between these structures; middle ocellus located above upper margin of eyes (Fig. 24). Clypeus with two depressions toward the middle of the inferior submargin, with large dense punctures on the upper lateral regions; disc and lower margin without punctures; inferolateral regions with sparse punctures; the ocelli almost at the same level as each other, above the frontal elevations. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with sparse punctures, separated by three or more times their diameter. Metasoma: T1 to T3 with very dense minute punctures on discal area as well as sublateral area. Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T2 to T4 with very minute hairs, T5 0.99–1.18. Male: Integument yellowish-orange on head and discal area of scutum. Hyaline wings, venation reddish brown. Body length 32.02 mm (31.71–32.32; n=2); length of forewing 24.84 mm (23.89–25.78; n=2); head length 5.20 mm (5.05–5.35; n=2); intertegular distance 8.29 mm (8.28–8.30; n=2): width of T2 14.19 mm (14.09 – 14.30; n=2). Head: Labrum with a triangular shaped area without punctures on the middle region; rest of labrum with scattered punctures, clypeus with a conglomeration of small punctures on the submarginal area; disc of clypeus without punctures; lateral areas with dense punctures; inferolateral areas with highly scattered punctures larger than those on the inferior submargin, lateral ocelli on the same level as upper margin of the eyes. Mesosoma: Between the parapsidal line and discal area with dense appressed punctures (Fig. 31); hind tibia, anterior region with very long dense pubescence, by contrast, above the posterior region pubescence is short and dense; internal surface with long pubescence toward the basal area; internal distal extreme with a robust projection, its width equal to its length without considering the apex, with a notable lobe on the anterior margin (Fig. 32). Metasoma: T1 to T5 yellowish with a black bands occupying the posterior margin; T6 principally yellowish with a slight conspicuous posterior band; T7 yellowish (Fig. 30); pubescence T1 with dense, long, plumose hairs, T2 with a mixture of yellow, long, simple and plumose hairs on anterior margin and lateral areas, discal area with very minute hairs, T3 to T5 with very minute hairs on discal area, lateral areas with yellow hairs, submarginal areas with some dark hairs. Lateral areas of T2 to T7 yellowish; T6 and T7 covered with large dense yellowish hairs, with their apex dark brown (Fig. 30). Length of hairs on terga respect MOD as follows: T2 0.20–0.69, T3 0.31–0.39, T4 with minute hairs, T5 0.26–0.50. Genitalia: Distal angle of the ventral section of the gonostylus, acute (Fig. 110); basal angle at the base of lateral process of the gonostylus, strong, noticeable (Fig. 109); tip of the lateral process ending broad, oval (Fig. 109).

Variation. Some specimens present wings with greenish iridescence, similar to those of X. mexicanorum and X. wilmattae .

Distribution (Fig. 134). Present in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico, in the following ecoregions (Dinerstein et al. 2017): Humid forests of the Central American Atlantic, Pine-oak forests of Central America, Mountainous forests of Chiapas, Seasonal humid forests of Costa Rica, Isthmus-Atlantic humid forests, Scrubland of the Central Mexican Plateau, Mesoamerican mangroves of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, Mountainous forests of Oaxaca, Humid forests of Petén-Veracruz, Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Humid forests of the Sierra Madre of Chiapas, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre of Oaxaca, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre del Sur, Pine-oak forests of the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mountainous forests of Talamanca, Humid forests of Veracruz, Mountainous forests of Veracruz, Dry forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, and Humid forests of the Yucatan Peninsula. Broad altitudinal distribution from 0 to 1992 m.

Material examined. 203 ♀ 11 ♂: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Guatuso: Estación Pilón, 10.70461, -84.99231; 879 m, 10-IV-2007, J. A. Azofeita, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Los Chiles: Caño Negro, en el Pueblo, 10.89381, -84.78885 ; 35 m, 8-VIII-1992, K. Quesada, 3 ♀; 10-X-1992, K. Martínez, 3 ♀; 12-VIII-1993, K. Martínez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Playue- las, 10.95534, -84.74959; 35 m, 5-I-1993, K. Quesada, 2 ♀; K. Martínez, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Upala: A.C. G, Upala, Dos Ríos (Colonia Mayorga, Finca San Gabriel, 10.88965, -85.39893, 600 m, 1-V-1990, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Bijagua, 20 km S Upala, 10.7333, -85.10, 1007 m, 24-II-1990, F. D. Parker, 2 ♀ 3 ♂ (BBSL). Guanacaste: Finca Montezuma, 3 km SE Río Naranjo, 10.66409, -85.09720, 452 m, F. D. Parker: 23-I-1992, 1 ♀; 15-II-1992, 1 ♀; 3-III-1992, 1 ♀; 14-III-1992, 1 ♀; IV-1992, 2 ♀; 24-VI-1992, 1 ♀; 27-VII-1992, 1 ♀; 26-VIII-1992, 1 ♀; 11-IX-1992, 1 ♀; 9-II- 1993, 1 ♀; 19-III-1993, 1 ♀; 28-III-1993, 1 ♀; 6-IV-1993, 1 ♀; 1-IV-1993, 1 ♀; 19-V-1993, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Bagaces: R. Naranjo, 3 km SE, 10.66409, -85.09720; 451 m, - I-1982, 1 ♀ ; -1-1992, F. D. Parker, 1 ♀ (BBSL). La Cruz: Estación Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, 10.99261, -85.42948; 700 m, 1-V-1990, 1 ♀; 4-IV-1995, M. Moraga, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Biológica Maritza, 10.96254, -85.49524, 600 m, 1-IV-1990, R. Blanco, 4 ♀ ; 1-V-1990, R. Blanco, 2 ♀ ; 1-II-1992, P. Campos, 1 ♀; 27-II-1992, D. Brenes, 1 ♀; A. Gutiérrez, 1 ♀; A. Marín, 1 ♀; K. Martínez, 1 ♀; M. Ortíz, 1 ♀; F. Quesada, 1 ♀; K. Quesada, 1 ♀; M. Segura, 1 ♀; 28-II-1992, C. Cano, 2 ♀; G. Gallardo, 2 ♀; D. García, 2 ♀; E. López, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Liberia: Sector Las Pailas, 4.5 km SW del Volcán Rincón de la Vieja, 10.77678, -85.35191; 800 m, 8-I-1992, C. Cano, 1 ♀ ; 1-VIII-1993, G. Rodríguez, 1 ♀; 7-I-1994, K. Taylor, 2 ♀; 12-I-1994, D. García, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Tilarán: Tierras Morenas, Río San Lorenzo, 10.57559, -85.02322, 1-IX-1992, G. Rodríguez, 2 ♀ (MNCR). Heredia: Sarapiquí: A.C. C. V.C, Sarapiquí, La Virgen, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Estación Magsasay, 10.40126, -84.04931; 200 m, 1-VI-1990, D. Acevedo, 1 ♀ (MNCR). Limón: Pococí: Colorado, Estación Cuatro Esquinas, 10.53955, -83.50648, 7 m, 1-X-1989, J. Solano, 1 ♀ (MNCR). HON- DURAS: Cortes: El Jaral, 14.86667, -89.06667, 696 m, 8-VIII-1970, P. Adams, 1 ♂ (SEMC). Santa Bárbara: La Fe, Finca La Roca 5.3 km S. Peña Blanca, 14.95000, -88.03333; 740 m, 19-VI-1994, Ashe & Brooks, 2 ♀ (SEMC). MEXICO: Campeche: Calakmul: Quiché de las Pailas, 18.07583, -89.33917; 300 m, 12-IV-1997, O. Yañez, 1 ♀ 1 ♂ ; 29-X-1997, O. Yañez, 2 ♀ (MZFC). Hopelchén: Pachuitz, 19.13703, -89.27517; 138 m, 28-IX-2015, M. Hernández, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Chiapas: Santa Rosa, - V-1971, A. Ramírez, 2 ♀ (CNIN). Chenalhó: Tzajalchen, 17.03907, -92.50886, 1270 m, 24-II-2017, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Cintalapa: Francisco I. Madero, 16.80796, - 93.75015, 771 m, J. Florez: 15-I-2009, 3 ♀ ; 8-VII-2009, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Las Margaritas: San Antonio los Altos, 16.27694, -91.69250; 1293 m, -2019, E. Jímenez, 1 ♂ (ECOAB). Ocosingo: Carr. 201 a Laguna Miramar, 16.69029, -91.68350; 796 m, 15-II-2019, I. Pérez, 2 ♀ (ECOAB). Carr. 201 a Laguna Miramar, 16.63977, -91.62328; 377 m, 15-II-2019, I. Pérez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Laguna Miramar, 16.38709, -91.28623; 320 m, 2-III-1987, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Quintín, 16.40470, -91.34520; 200 m, 14-III-1987, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Ocozocoautla de Espinosa: Emilio Rabasa, 16.91805, -93.61638; 731 m, J. Mérida: 22-III-2007, 1 ♀; 20-IV-2018, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Palenque: carr. 307 a Tenosique, 17.35930, -91.79140; 195 m, 11-II-2019, I. Pérez, 1 ♀; P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Palenque, 17.51000 -91.98149; 78 m, 10-IX-1974, G. E. Bohart, W. Hanson, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Pichucalco: Volcán Chichón, 17.36013, -93.22491, 1030 m, 21-I-2012, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Simojovel: 4 mi SW Simojovel, 17.10027, -92.70805; 980 m, 19-III-1958, R. C. Bechtel, E. I. Schlinger, 1 ♂ (EBCH). Tecpatán: Carr. de Autopista 145D a Tecpatán, 17.18841, 93.49985; 265 m, 24-IX-2017, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Unión Juárez: 15.06180, -92.08000, 1310 m, 28-VII-1988, A. Aquino, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Yajalón: Chiviltic, 17.11367, -92.41570, 1187 m, 12- VII-2017, D. Pedro, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Hidalgo: Chapulhuacán: Jacala, 24 mi NE, 21.09425, -99.01543; 1591 m, 22-VI-1953, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 11 ♀ (SEMC). Huautla: Ejido la Puerta, 21.04694, -98.27139; 552 m, 21-III-1994, L. Godínez, 3 ♀ (MZFC). Tepehuacán de Guerrero: Otongo, 20.96333, -98.75667; 1100 m, 31-VII- 1982, R. Ayala, 1 ♂ (MZFC). Tlanchinol: Km 4 Tlanchinol-Apantlazol, 20.98444, -98.63694; 1600 m, 20-III-1994, L. Godínez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Oaxaca: Guevea de Humboldt: Linda Vista, 16.83501, -95.46130; 812 m, 18-III-2015, J. García, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). San Pedro Yaneri: San Juan Tepanzacoalco, 17.40153, -96.37720; 1351 m, 9-III-2016, R. Carrillo, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Santa María Chimalapa: Chalchijapa, 17.05417, -94.65389; 100 m, J. Salinas: 22-III- 1995, 1 ♀ ; 29-III-1995, 1 ♀; 24-V-1995, 1 ♂ (MZFC). San Isidro La Gringa, 17.10361, -94.12250; 100 m, J. Salinas: 26-IX-1995, 1 ♀ ; 27-IX-1995, 4 ♀; 29-IX-1995, 1 ♀; 1-X-1995, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Santos Reyes Nopala: Nopala, 16.10583, -97.14499; 459 m, 1-X-1990, R. Delgadillo, 4 ♀ (MZFC). Valle Nacional: San Mateo Yetla, 17.76209, -96.314205; 136 m, 14-X-1990, E. Barrera, E. Ramírez, A. Cadena, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Puebla: 11-VII-1990, M. Sousa- Peña, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Cuetzalan: Yahualichan, 20.06166, -97.50333; 594 m, E. Barrera, 7-II-1986, 1 ♂ (UDLAP). Xicotepec: Finca Puebla, 20.38324, -97.79996; 478 m, 26-VI-1999, 1 ♀ 1 ♂; 26-V-2000, C. Vergara, 2 ♀ (UD- LAP). Querétaro: San Juan del Río: Chuveje, 21.17014, -99.555867; 1354 m, 22-VII-1998, C. Mayorga, E. Barrera, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Quintana Roo: 25 km W Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 19.63722, -88.27897, 25 m, 12-X-1986, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Felipe Carrilllo Puerto: 19.58032, -88.04409; 14 m, 10-X-1986, F. D. Parker, 3 ♀; P. F. Tor- chio, 1 ♀; T. L. Griswold, 4 ♀ ; 12-X-1986, T. L. Griswold, 2 ♀ (BBSL). Lázaro Cárdenas: Xcan: 20.86889, - 87.60250; 25 m, 27-VII-1962, A. Emerson, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tulum: Playa Aventuras, 3-VIII-1981, E. Pech, 1 ♀ (CNIN). San Luis Potosí: Tamazunchale: 21.26111, -98.79167; 150 m, -1-1900, J. Adams, 1 ♀, 31-III-1951, W. Stephen, 1 ♀ (SEMC), 4-V-1976, J. Butze, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Tampamolón Corona: Tamazunchale, 21 mi N, 21.53317, -98.80837; 75 m, 23-VII-1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ (SEMC). Villa de Guadalupe: El Salto, 23.09929, -100.81670; 1992 m, 11-VII-1961, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 2 ♀, 20-VII-1962, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped . 3 ♀; 21-VII-1962, 2 ♀ ; 20-V-1989, D. Yanega, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Xilitla: 21.38236, -98.98868; 652 m, 23-VII-1954, Univ. of Kansas Mex. Exped. 1 ♀ ; 7-VII-1990, R. Minckley, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Tabasco: Tenosique: Carretera al Ceibo, 17.32747, -91.18842; 155 m, -2017, A. Tapia, 3 ♀ (ECOAB). Madero Cortazar, 17.30222, -91.16694; 126 m, 23-V- 2018, 9 ♀ (ECOAB). Tenosique, 17.41960, -91.32280; 46 m, 12-II-2019, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tenosique, 17.38690, -91.27660; 58 m, 12-II-2019, P. Sagot, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Universidad Politécnica Mesoaméricana, 17.27957, -91.08267; 63 m, 12-IV-2018, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tamaulipas: Gómez Farías: Piedra de El Elefante, 23.03392, -99.27660; 1636 m, 12-VIII-2013, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Tampico: Tampico, 22.26895, -97.86420; 16 m, 10-VI-1951, H. Evans, 1 ♀ (SEMC). Veracruz: Camino Llano Grande-Teocelo, 17-VI-1990, E. Pérez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Coatepec: Cinco Palos, 19.49667, -96.99029; 1547 m, 20-IX-2012, J. Mérida, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Jilotepec: 7 km al S de Jilotepec, 17-III-1979, C. Martínez, 2 ♀ (MZFC). San Andrés Tuxtla, Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas, 18.58486, -95.07405; 148 m, 16-IX-1988, C. Mayorga, 1 ♀ (CNIN), 7-IX-1994, E. Ramírez, 2 ♀ (EBCH), 2-V-2019, M. Maldonado, 1 ♀ (ECOAB). Cosamaloapan: Camino a Santa Cruz, 18.171687, -96.091565; 21 m, I. Hinojosa, 1 ♀ ; M. Padilla, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Los Tuxtlas: 29-VIII-1985, C. Mayorga, V. Meléndez, 1 ♀ ; 19- IX-1985, L. Cervantes, 1 ♀ (CNIN). Tantoyuca: El Trapiche, 3 km al S de Teocelo, 21.36833, -98.28167; 1100 m, 19-VIII-1980, M. C. Gentier, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Teocelo: Barranca de Cayoapa Tejería, 19.37333, -96.92667; 993 m, 18-IX-1980, J. Álvarez, 1 ♀, 2-XI-1980, A. Garcís, 1 ♀; 8-II-1981, I. Rodríguez, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Cayoapa Tejería, 19.37333, -96.92667; 993 m, 18-IX-1980, R. Ayala, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Llano Grande, 19.36833, -96.88000; 842 m, 5-V- 1978, J. Llorente, 1 ♀; 6-VI-1981, M. A. Luis, 1 ♀; 7-VI-1981, J. Llorente, 1 ♀ (MZFC). Llano Grande, 19.37027, -96.88083; 840 m, 17-VI-1990, G. Rodríguez, 3 ♀ (SEMC). Teocelo, 19.38527, -96.97166; 1160 m, 12-IX-1982, R. López, 1 ♀ (EBCH). Totutla: El Desengaño, 19.20606, -96.89909; 1148 m, 21-VIII-2006, M. Bonet, 1 ♀ (UD- LAP). Yaonahuac: Tlapacoyan, 15 mi. W, 19.95809, -97.43864; 704 m, 28-II-1972, F. D. Parker, D. Miller, 1 ♀ (BBSL). Yucatán: Merida: Dzoyaxché, 20.78955, -89.59032; 14 m, 25-V-2016, I. Hinojosa, 2 ♀ (CNIN).

Commentaries. Xylocopa nautlana may be distinguished by its middle ocellus, located just above the two elevation that are morphologically joined in the anterior region of this ocellus (Fig. 9), unlike X. frontalis in which arc-shaped projections arise at the sides of the middle ocellus.