Autapomorphies of Bryconamericus rubropictus:

1. Ventral extent of third infraorbital (64): (0> 1) not reaching horizontal arm of preopercle, at least anteriorly. Reversal of synapomorphy 2 of node 198. Paralleled in nodes 280 and 298 and in Aphyodite grammica, Axelrodia lindeae, and Creagrutus cf. taphorni .

2. Length of laterosensory canal of dentary (79): (0> 1) reduced or absent. Paralleled in node 279 and in Aphyocharax nattereri, Hyphessobrycon elachys, H. luetkenii, Nantis cf. indefessus, and Thayeria boehlkei.

3. Canal of lateral line on caudal-fin membrane (92): (1> 0) absent. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of the Characidae . Paralleled in the Aphyoditeinae and Bryconops clade, in nodes 227, 229, 244, 287, 294, and 298, and in Aphyocharax nattereri, Bryconamericus thomasi, Charax stenopterus, Hyphessobrycon anisitsi, Inpaichthys kerri, and Phenacogaster tegatus .

4. Pectoral-fin bony hooks in adult males of species bearing hooks on fins (310): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in node 268 and in Astyanax cf. asuncionensis, A. lineatus, Bario steindachneri, Bryconamericus cf. iheringii, Hyphessobrycon luetkenii, H. socolofi, and Phenacogaster tegatus .

5. Dorsal-fin bony hooks in adult males of species bearing hooks on fins (311): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in nodes 248 and 268 and in Astyanax cf. asuncionensis, A. lineatus, Bario steindachneri, Hyphessobrycon luetkenii, H. socolofi, Nematocharax venustus, and Probolodus heterostomus .