Autapomorphies of Odontostilbe microcephala:

1. Laterosensory canal of sixth infraorbital (76): (0> 1) branched. Reversal of synapomorphy 2 of node 203. Paralleled in Markiana nigripinnis, Oligosarcus cf. jenynsii, and Tetragonopterus argenteus .

2. Cartilages anterior to basihyal (188): (0> 1) two well developed blocks of cartilage. Paralleled in nodes 244 and 299 and in Hasemania nana, Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus, Metynnis maculatus, and Roeboides descalvadensis . Some trees: Paralleled in node 265.

3. Rows of gill rakers on first ceratobranchial (192): (0> 1) two. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of node 179. Paralleled in the Iguanodectinae, in node 280, and in Brycon orbignyanus, Bryconaethiops macrops, Carlana eigenmanni, Cheirodon interruptus, Hoplocharax goethei, Hyphessobrycon elachys, Parecbasis cyclolepis, Prodontocharax melanotus, and Rhaphiodon vulpinus . Some trees: Paralleled in node 249 and in Attonitus ephimeros .