Autapomorphies of Microschemobrycon casiquiare:

1. Epiphyseal branch of supraorbital canal (84): (0> 1) absent. Paralleled in the Stevardiinae .

Some trees:

2. Contact between ectopterygoid and anterodorsal region of quadrate (162): (0> 1) absent. (k9-12). Paralleled in nodes 184 and 242, and in Aphyocharax dentatus, Engraulisoma taeniatum, Prionobrama paraguayensis, and Stichonodon insignis . Some trees: Paralleled in the Cheirodontinae .

3. Development of transverse process of neural arch of third vertebra (219): (0> 1) well developed and extending beyond anterior margin of tripus. (k 13-14). Paralleled in node 302, and in Agoniates anchovia, Cyanocharax alburnus, Deuterodon langei, Engraulisoma taeniatum, Hemiodus cf. thayeria, Roeboexodon geryi, and Thayeria obliqua. Some trees: Paralleled in Parecbasis cyclolepis .

4. Radii of scales (322): (0> 1) converging at focus. (k9-12). Reversal of synapomorphy 7 of the Characidae . Paralleled in node 273 and in Stichonodon insignis and Tetragonopterus argenteus . Some trees: Paralleled in node 302.