Autapomorphies of Aphyocharacidium bolivianum:

1. Lateral ridge of anguloarticular (107): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in the Cheirodontinae, in node 191, and in Parecbasis cyclolepis .

2. Inner row of dentary teeth (143): (1> 0) present. Reversal of synapomorphy 2 of node 189. Paralleled in the Heterocharacinae and in node 276.

3. Bony hooks on first pelvic-fin ray of adult males (315): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in node 274 and in Aphyocharax anisitsi, Aulixidens eugeniae, and Nantis indefessus .

Some trees:

4. Anterior convergence of ventral diverging lamellae with nasal septum of mesethmoid (31): (0> 1) confluent at posterior end of nasal septum. (k13-14).