Autapomorphies of Aphyocharax anisitsi:

1. Ascending process on posterodorsal angle of exoccipital directed to neural complex of Weberian apparatus (19): (0> 1) present.

2. Bony hooks on base of pelvic-fin rays of adult males (313): (0> 1) as numerous as on segmented portion of rays. Paralleled in node 229.

3. Bony hooks on first pelvic-fin ray of adult males (315): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in node 274 and in Aphyocharacidium bolivianum, Aulixidens eugeniae, and Nantis indefessus .