Autapomorphies of Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus:

1. Number of maxillary teeth (135): (1> 0) only one, or absent. Paralleled in the Astyanax clade, in nodes 284 and 290, and in Aulixidens eugeniae, Cheirodon interruptus, Coptobrycon bilineatus, and Iguanodectes geisleri . Some trees: Paralleled in Hasemania nana, Paracheirodon axelrodi, and Parecbasis cyclolepis .

2. Cartilages anterior to basihyal (188): (0> 1) two well developed blocks of cartilage. Paralleled in nodes 244 and 299 and in Hasemania nana, Metynnis maculatus, Odontostilbe microcephala, and Roeboides descalvadensis . Some trees: Paralleled in node 265.

3. Number of supraneurals (280): (1> 0) four or fewer. Paralleled in nodes 211, 223, and 262, and in Bramocharax bransfordii, Bryconaethiops macrops, and Nematocharax venustus . Some trees: Paralleled in the Aphyoditeinae .

4. Insertion of pterotic aponeurosis (340): (0> 1) on a lobe situated dorsal to horizontal semicircular canal. Some trees: Paralleled in node 291.

5. Second humeral spot (342): (0> 1) present as a conspicuous vertical bar. Paralleled in Gymnocorymbus ternetzi and Tetragonopterus argenteus