Autapomorphies of Bryconamericus scleroparius:

1. Rhinosphenoid (47): (1> 0) absent. Reversal of synapomorphy 2 of the Characidae . Paralleled in nodes 207, 260, 280, and 298 and in Aphyocharax nattereri, Attonitus ephimeros, Brycon orbignyanus, Hollandichthys multifasciatus, Pseudocorynopoma doriae, and Salminus brasiliensis .

2. Branching of laterosensory canals of fourth or fifth infraorbitals (74): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in the Bryconops clade, in nodes 167, 177, 218, 260, and 276, and in Chalceus macrolepidotus and Piaractus mesopotamicus .

3. Foramen in posterior region of metapterygoid (168): (1> 2) in form of incomplete arch, bordered posteriorly by hyomandibula. Reversal of synapomorphy 10 of node 205. Paralleled in Pseudocorynopoma doriae .

4. Position of ventral end of posttemporal (253): (0> 1) posterior to lateral margin of epioccipital. Paralleled in nodes 211 and 228 and in Hoplias cf. malabaricus, Markiana nigripinnis, Probolodus heterostomus, and Prochilodus lineatus .

5. Number of branched anal-fin rays (288): (0> 1) 25 or more. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of node 200. Paralleled in nodes 208, 255, and 263 and in Nematobrycon palmeri .

6. Uroneurals (306): (0> 1) two pairs. Reversal of synapomorphy 15 of node 205. Paralleled in the Tetragonopterinae, in nodes 276 and 300, and in Galeocharax humeralis and Markiana nigripinnis .