Autapomorphies of Jupiaba scologaster:

1. Bony lamellae between second and third basibranchials (184): (1> 0) absent. Paralleled in the Serrasalmidae and in Attonitus ephimeros, Axelrodia lindeae, Hollandichthys multifasciatus, Hoplocharax goethei, Piabucus melanostomus, Pyrrhulina australis, Rhaphiodon vulpinus, and Xenagoniates bondi .

2. Uroneurals (306): (1> 0) absent or just one pair. Reversal of synapomorphy 1 of the Tetragonopterinae . Paralleled in node 288 and in Gymnocorymbus ternetzi .