Autapomorphies of Heterocharax macrolepis:

1. Extent of expansion of first infraorbital lateral to maxilla (59): (0> 1) covering most of maxilla. Paralleled in node 277 and in Engraulisoma taeniatum .

2. Epiphyseal branch of corresponding supraorbital canals (85): (0> 1) oriented obliquely, opening posteriorly to epiphyseal bar. Paralleled in node 302.

3. Articulation between ventral margin of metapterygoid and posterodorsal margin of quadrate (155): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in nodes 176 and 299 and in Deuterodon langei, Pristella maxillaris, Roeboides descalvadensis, and Thoracocharax stellatus .

4. Coracoid foramen (243): (0> 1) well developed. Reversal of synapomorphy 13 of node 205.