Pamphilius Latreille, 1803

Shinohara, Akihiko, Kramp, Katja & Taeger, Andreas, 2022, The Pamphiliinae of the Russian Far East and Korea (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae), Zootaxa 5167 (1), pp. 1-251 : 68

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5167.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4C140613-04F6-4227-B084-45851F42E039
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3C87F1-F233-AC44-FF67-FF04FA92AEB5
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Pamphilius Latreille, 1803
status

Treatment

Genus Pamphilius Latreille, 1803

Pamphilius Latreille, 1803: 303 .

See Taeger et al. (2010) for more synonymy.

Pamphilius is a large and rather heterogeneous genus, characterized as follows: anterior part of malar space without setiferous area (female) or pit (male) ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 : 3aa); supraocular area in male without narrow, dull, densely pubescent patch; facial crests in male various in shape, nearly flattened, rounded or carinate (e.g., Figs 55e View FIGURE 55 , 63e View FIGURE 63 , 65e View FIGURE 65 ); ventral inner surface of fore tibia without disconnected row of scale-like setae; tarsal claws without acute basal lobe (e.g., Figs 56g View FIGURE 56 , 74i View FIGURE 74 , 89g View FIGURE 89 ). It is distinguishable from the related genera by the features given in the key (see Shinohara 2002b for more details), but as discussed above, the monophyly of this genus is uncertain based on both morphological and molecular data.

Based on morphology, Shinohara (2002b) divided the world species of this genus into 12 species groups, of which four major groups ( P. vafer , P. sylvaticus , P. alternans and P. histrio groups) contained about 80% of all the species then known. Each of the remaining eight species groups contained only one to four species. The P. ochreipes group, represented by two Nearctic species, is here treated as a part of the P. vafer group. In the Russian Far East and Korea, the P. inanitus , P. latifrons and P. sulphureipes groups have been recorded in addition to the four major species groups.

For the molecular analyses of the present study, representatives of the seven species groups mentioned above, except for the P. latifrons group, and additionally the P. basilaris group, were used. The Pamphilius basilaris group contains two species associated with Juglandaceae from Japan and China ( Shinohara 2003b; Shinohara et al. 2012). It has not been recorded from the Russian Far East and Korea, but the species group is likely to be found particularly in Korea.

The monophyly of each species group and the relationship among the species groups were discussed by Shinohara (2002b) based on morphology and will be examined further below in the light of the results of molecular analyses. Generally speaking, the monophyly of each species group was at least partly supported also by molecular data (see discussion under respective species group below) but the relationship among the species groups is still poorly clarified, as the hypotheses based on three different data sets (morphology, Fig. 14 View FIGURES 14–16 ; COI sequences, Fig. 15 View FIGURES 14–16 ; NaK sequences, Fig. 16 View FIGURES 14–16 ) differ drastically (see also discussion under Pamphiliini above).

Pamphilius is distributed in the Holarctic region and contains 123 valid species and subspecies ( Taeger et al. 2010; Shinohara & Wei 2012, 2016; present work), of which 43 are recorded for the Russian Far East and Korea.

The larvae of Pamphilius species feed on the host leaves singly or gregariously in simple leaf-rolls or in webs. Known host plants include Rosaceae View in CoL ( Cerasus , Padus , Sorbus View in CoL , Rosa View in CoL , Rubus View in CoL , Filipendula View in CoL , Fragaria View in CoL , Aruncus View in CoL , Spiraea View in CoL , etc.), Betulaceae View in CoL ( Alnus View in CoL , Betula View in CoL , Corylus View in CoL , Carpinus View in CoL , etc.), Salicaceae View in CoL ( Populus View in CoL , Salix View in CoL ), Spindaceae ( Acer View in CoL ), Caprifoliaceae View in CoL ( Lonicera View in CoL , Macrodiervilla ), Adoxaceae (Viburnum) , Fagaceae (Quercus) , Cornaceae (Cornus) , Juglandaceae View in CoL ( Juglans View in CoL , Platycarya View in CoL ) and Saxifragaceae (Astilbe) ( Shinohara 2002b, 2003b; Shinohara & Hara 2011; Shinohara & Kojima 2011; Shinohara et al. 2012, 2016a, b, 2019; Shinohara & Wei 2016). In some cases, distinct association between a species group and host plant family exists as noted under each species group below.