Erythmelus, Enock, 1909

Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V., Hoddle, Mark S. & Morse, Joseph G., 2007, A review of the Nearctic species of Erythmelus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with a key and new additions to the New World fauna, Zootaxa 1641 (1), pp. 1-64 : 6-8

Key to subgenera and described species of Erythmelus in the New World, females

1 Forewing ( Fig. 2 ) with anterior and posterior margins almost parallel beyond venation (forewing about as wide at apex of venation as at broadest part of blade), blade without a seta behind base of marginal vein (subgenus Parallelaptera Enock ) .................................................................................. E. (P.) rex (Girault)

- Forewing with margins not parallel, at most subparallel in E. (E.) reductus S. Triapitsyn ( Fig. 70 ) and E. (E.) vladimir S. Triapitsyn & Fidalgo ( Fig. 7 ), usually much wider at broadest part of blade than at apex of marginal vein, blade with a seta behind base of marginal vein (subgenus Erythmelus Enock ) .................. 2

2 F1 about as long as pedicel ( Fig. 4 ) ( agilis species group).......................................... E. (E.) agilis (Enock)

- F1 considerably shorter than pedicel ........................................................................................................... 3

3 Funicle apparently 4–segmented ( Fig. 6 ) due to a loss of F3 and a complete or partial fusion of F1 and F2 ....................................................................................................... E. (E.) vladimir S. Triapitsyn & Fidalgo

- Funicle normally 6–segmented, occasionally 5–segmented in some specimens (quite often in minute species that parasitize eggs of Tingidae ) due either to a fusion of any two neighboring funicular segments or a loss of one of the funicular segments, usually F3 or F4 .............................................................................. 4

4 Forewing blade more or less uniformly setose, including behind venation ( Figs 9 , 12 )............................. 5

- Forewing blade unevenly setose, bare behind venation (except for a seta behind base of marginal vein). 6

5 F4, F5 (usually), and F6 each with longitudinal sensilla ( Fig. 8 ) ........ E. (E.) coviellai S. Triapitsyn , sp. n.

- F6 with longitudinal sensilla ( Fig. 10 ) ............................................................... E. (E.) hirtipennis Ogloblin

6 F3 with 1 longitudinal sensillum ( Figs 13 , 15 )............................................................................................ 7

- F3 without longitudinal sensilla................................................................................................................... 8

7 F1 notably shorter and narrower than F2 ( Fig. 13 ); forewing blade hyaline in the middle.......................... .............................................................................................................. E. (E.) logarzoi S. Triapitsyn , sp. n.

- F1 subequal to F2 ( Fig. 15 ); forewing blade infuscate in the middle............................................................ ...................................................................................................... E. (E.) podaypodnos S. Triapitsyn , sp. n.

8 F5 with 1 or 2 longitudinal sensilla ............................................................................................................. 9

- F5 without longitudinal sensilla................................................................................................................. 12

9 F5 with 1 longitudinal sensillum and distinctly shorter than F6 ( Fig. 17 ) .................................................... ................................................................................................................. E. (E.) rosascostai Ogloblin (part)

- F5 with 2 longitudinal sensilla and about as long as F6 ( Figs 22 , 24 , 26 ) ................................................ 10

10 Scape about 4 x as long as wide, notably dilated in the middle ( Figs 24 , 26 )........................................... 11

- Scape about 5 x as long as wide, slightly dilated in the middle ( Fig. 22 ) ............. E. (E.) clavatus Ogloblin

11 Funicle relatively short ( Fig. 24 ), ratio of funicle length to clava length about 1.7:1................................... ............................................................................................................... E. (E.) mudrila S. Triapitsyn , sp. n.

- Funicle relatively long ( Fig. 26 ), ratio of funicle length to clava length at least 2.1:1.................................. .................................................................................................................. E. (E.) burtik S. Triapitsyn , sp. n.

12 F4 with 1 or 2 longitudinal sensilla ........................................................................................................... 13

- F4 without longitudinal sensilla................................................................................................................. 19

13 Forewing with long marginal cilia (longest marginal cilia: forewing width ratio at least 2.0:1) .................. ................................................................................................... E. (E.) toreador S. Triapitsyn , sp. n. (part)

- Forewing with shorter marginal cilia (longest marginal cilia: forewing width ratio at most 1.5:1).......... 14

14 Funicle relatively short, funicle length: clava length ratio at most 1.3:1................................................... 15

- Funicle relatively long, funicle length: clava length ratio at least 1.4:1.................................................... 17

15 Forewing blade with few setae in apical half ( Fig. 35 ) .......................... E. (E.) mikrob S. Triapitsyn , sp. n.

- Forewing blade with numerous setae in apical half ( Figs 38 , 44 ) ............................................................. 16

16 F4 as long as F6 ( Fig. 36 ) ................................................................................... E. (E.) brachialis Ogloblin

- F4 distinctly shorter than F6 ( Fig. 42 ) ............................................................. E. (E.) psallidis Gahan (part)

17 Apical 2/5 of forewing blade with numerous setae ( Fig. 48 ) .................................. E. (E.) picinus (Girault)

- Apical 2/5 of forewing blade with few setae, only along margins ( Figs 54 , 56 )....................................... 18

18 Ovipositor long, ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio at least 1.9:1 ........... E. (E.) angustatus Ogloblin

- Ovipositor short, ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio at most 1.4:1..................... E. (E.) nanus Dozier

19 Funicle with setae long, exceeding width of the segments ( Fig. 57 )............... E. (E.) verticillatus Ogloblin

- Funicle with setae short, not exceeding width of the segments................................................................. 20

20 F2–F4 relatively long, each more than 2 x as long as wide ( Figs 19 , 59 , 63 , 65 ) ..................................... 21

- F2–F4 relatively short, at least one segment less than 2 x as long as wide ............................................... 24

21 Ovipositor long, ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio 2.1:1 ................................. E. (E.) noeli (Dozier)

- Ovipositor short, ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio at most 1.6:1 .................................................. 22

22 Forewing ( Fig. 64 ) at most 4.8 x as long as wide, longest marginal cilia at most 1.5 x greatest forewing width ............................................................................................................ E. (E.) gak S. Triapitsyn , sp. n.

- Forewing ( Figs 20 , 66 ) at least 5.3 x as long as wide, longest marginal cilia at least 1.6 x greatest forewing width .......................................................................................................................................................... 23

23 Apical half of forewing more or less uniformly setose ( Fig. 20 ); ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio at most 1.1:1 ......................................................................................................... E. (E.) rosascostai Ogloblin

- Apical half of forewing unevenly setose, with distinct bare areas ( Fig. 66 ); ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio at least 1.6:1 ........................................................................ E. (E.) fidalgoi S. Triapitsyn , sp. n.

24 F4 notably longer than F3 and F5 ( Fig. 30 )............................... E. (E.) toreador S. Triapitsyn , sp. n. (part)

- F4 at most about as long as F3 and F5....................................................................................................... 25

25 Midlobe of mesoscutum with anterior half or so brown to dark brown and posterior half or so contrastingly yellow or light brown ............................................................................... E. (E.) flavovarius (Walker)

- Midlobe of mesoscutum mostly brown to dark brown except for a pale, or yellow, or light brown transverse submedian stripe, or sometimes uniformly brown........................................................................... 26

26 Forewing blade notably infuscate throughout, with only 2 incomplete rows of setae ( Fig. 70 ) ................... ......................................................................................................................... E. (E.) reductus S. Triapitsyn

- Forewing blade more or less hyaline, with more numerous setae arranged in more than 2 rows............. 27

27 Ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio at least 1.8:1...................................... E. (E.) miridiphagus Dozier

- Ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio at most 1.6:1 ............................................................................. 28

28 Minute (body length usually less than 550 µm); F1–F5 usually subquadrate or transverse, at most slightly longer than wide ( Figs 74 , 76 ); funicle often 5–segmented due to a fusion of any two neighboring funicular segments ( Figs 77–79 ) or a loss of one of the funicular segments, usually of F3 or F4 (egg parasitoids of Tingidae )................................................................................................................................................ 29

- Larger (body length usually at least 600 µm); one or more funicular segments among F1–F5 clearly longer than wide; funicle normally 6–segmented (one species, E. (E.) psallidis Gahan , parasitic in eggs of Miridae ; host associations of other species unknown) .............................................................................. 30

29 F6 with 2 longitudinal sensilla; midlobe of mesoscutum with a yellow or light brown transverse submedian stripe ........................................................................................................ E. (E.) tingitiphagus (Soares)

- F6 with 1 longitudinal sensilla; midlobe of mesoscutum uniformly brown.................................................. ............................................................................................................ E. (E.) klopomor S. Triapitsyn , sp. n.

30 Forewing ( Fig. 44 ) at least 4.3 x as long as wide ............................................ E. (E.) psallidis Gahan (part)

- Forewing at most 4.2 x as long as wide..................................................................................................... 31

31 Forewing irregularly setose in apical half ( Fig. 82 )............................................... E. (E.) gracilis (Howard)

- Forewing irregularly setose in apical quarter only ( Figs 86 , 89 )............................................................... 32

32 Funicle relatively longer ( Fig. 84 ), funicle length: clava length ratio 1.3:1; forewing ( Fig. 86 ) 4.7 x as long as wide; ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio 1.6:1 ..................................... E. (E.) cingulatus Ogloblin

- Funicle relatively shorter ( Fig. 87 ), funicle length: clava length ratio 1.2:1; forewing ( Fig. 89 ) 4.2 x as long as wide; ovipositor length: metatibia length ratio 1.4:1 .............................. E. (E.) pastoralis Ogloblin

Figures

FIGURES 1–3. Erythmelus (Parallelaptera) rex (California, USA). 1. Antenna (female). 2. Forewing (female). 3. Antenna (male). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 69–71. Erythmelus (E.) reductus. 69. Antenna (female, holotype). 70. Forewing (female, holotype). 71. Antenna (male, paratype). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 6, 7. Erythmelus (E.) vladimir (female, paratype). 6. Antenna. 7. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 4, 5. Erythmelus (E.) agilis (female, Mamontovka, Moscow Region, Russia). 4. Antenna. 5. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 8, 9. Erythmelus (E.) coviellai (female, holotype). 8. Antenna. 9. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 10–12. Erythmelus (E.) hirtipennis (female, holotype). 10. Antenna. 11. Body. 12. Wings.

FIGURES 13, 14. Erythmelus (E.) logarzoi (female, holotype). 13. Antenna. 14. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 15, 16. Erythmelus (E.) podaypodnos (female, holotype). 15. Antenna. 16. Forewing.

FIGURES 17, 18. Erythmelus (E.) rosascostai (female, holotype). 17. Antenna. 18. Body.

FIGURES 22, 23. Erythmelus (E.) clavatus (female, Loreto, Misiones, Argentina). 22. Antenna. 23. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 24, 25. Erythmelus (E.) mudrila (female, paratype, Kimble Co., Texas, USA). 24. Antenna. 25. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 26, 27. Erythmelus (E.) burtik (female, holotype). 26. Antenna. 27. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 34, 35. Erythmelus (E.) mikrob (female, holotype). 34. Antenna. 35. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 36–38. Erythmelus (E.) brachialis (female, holotype). 36. Antenna. 37. Body. 38. Forewing.

FIGURES 42–44. Erythmelus (E.) psallidis (female, holotype). 42. Right antenna. 43. Left antenna. 44. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 47, 48. Erythmelus (E.) picinus (female). 47. Antenna (7 mi. E of Grants, New Mexico, USA). 48. Forewing (Monrovia, California, USA). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 52–54. Erythmelus (E.) angustatus (female, holotype). 52. Antenna. 53. Body. 54. Forewing.

FIGURES 55, 56. Erythmelus (E.) nanus (female). 55. Antenna (paratype). 56. Forewing (holotype). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 57, 58. Erythmelus (E.) verticillatus (female, Loreto, Misiones, Argentina). 57. Antenna. 58. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 19–21. Erythmelus (E.) rosascostai (Moreno, Buenos Aires, Argentina). 19. Antenna (female). 20. Forewing (female). Scale bars = 0.1 mm. 21. Genitalia (male).

FIGURES 59–62. Erythmelus (E.) noeli. 59, 60. Female (holotype of E. longicornis). 59. Antenna. 60. Forewing. 61, 62. Male (holotype). 61. Forewing. 62. Genitalia. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 63, 64. Erythmelus (E.) gak (female, holotype). 63. Antenna. 64. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 65, 66. Erythmelus (E.) fidalgoi (female, holotype). 65. Antenna. 66. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 30, 31. Erythmelus (E.) toreador (female, paratype, Tortugas, Santa Fe, Argentina). 30. Antenna. 31. Forewing.

FIGURES 74, 75. Erythmelus (E.) tingitiphagus (female). 74. Antenna (Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela). 75. Forewing (Belém, Pará, Brazil). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 76–80. Erythmelus (E.) klopomor (female). 76. Antenna, funicle 6–segmented (holotype). 77. Antenna, funicle 5–segmented, F2 and F3 fused (paratype, Ft. Drum, Florida, USA). 78. Antenna, funicle 5–segmented, F5 and F6 fused (paratype, Ft. Drum, Florida, USA). 79. Antenna, funicle 5–segmented, F3 and F4 fused (paratype, Pompano Beach, Florida, USA). 80. Forewing (holotype). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 81–83. Erythmelus (E.) gracilis. 81. Antenna (female, holotype). 82. Forewing (female, holotype). 83. Forewing (male, Elizabethtown, Illinois, USA). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 84–86. Erythmelus (E.) cingulatus (female, holotype). 84. Antenna. 85. Body. 86. Forewing.

FIGURES 87–89. Erythmelus (E.) pastoralis (female, holotype). 87. Antenna. 88. Body. 89. Wings.