Erythmelus Enock, 1909
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1641.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E7C7AD48-AF05-46CB-802E-DA6C6B046E23 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F56F87A0-8662-EE26-FF60-FAFF9966FCF2 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe (2021-07-14 17:52:19, last updated by Plazi 2023-11-03 10:47:09) |
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scientific name |
Erythmelus Enock, 1909 |
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Erythmelus Enock, 1909 View in CoL View at ENA
( Figs 1–89 View FIGURES 1–3 View FIGURES 4, 5 View FIGURES 6, 7 View FIGURES 8, 9 View FIGURES 10–12 View FIGURES 13, 14 View FIGURES 15, 16 View FIGURES 17, 18 View FIGURES 19–21 View FIGURES 22, 23 View FIGURES 24, 25 View FIGURES 26, 27 View FIGURES 28, 29 View FIGURES 30, 31 View FIGURES 32, 33 View FIGURES 34, 35 View FIGURES 36–38 View FIGURES 39–41 View FIGURES 42–44 View FIGURES 45, 46 View FIGURES 47, 48 View FIGURES 49–51 View FIGURES 52–54 View FIGURES 55, 56 View FIGURES 57, 58 View FIGURES 59–62 View FIGURES 63, 64 View FIGURES 65, 66 View FIGURES 67, 68 View FIGURES 69–71 View FIGURES 72, 73 View FIGURES 74, 75 View FIGURES 76–80 View FIGURES 81–83 View FIGURES 84–86 View FIGURES 87–89 )
Parallelaptera Enock 1909: 454 . Type species: Parallelaptera panis Enock , by monotypy. Synonymized under Erythmelus View in CoL by Schauff 1984: 45.
Erythmelus Enock 1909: 454 View in CoL . Type species: Erythmelus goochi Enock View in CoL , by monotypy. Girault 1929: 7–8; Ogloblin 1934: 243–245; Debauche 1948: 192–194; Doutt 1949: 81; Peck 1963: 29–31 (catalog); De Santis 1967: 107–108 (catalog); De Santis 1979: 369 (catalog); Schauff 1984: 45–46; Yoshimoto 1990: 45–46; Beardsley & Huber 2000: 13–15 (key to subgenera, synopsis of the Hawaiian species); Triapitsyn 2003: 4–5 (diagnosis, key to subgenera and species groups of Erythmelus View in CoL s. str.); Donev 2004: 119–120 (redefinition of subgenera).
Enaesius Enock 1909: 456 . Type species: Enaesius agilis Enock , designated by Gahan & Fagan 1923: 50. Synonymized under Erythmelus View in CoL by Schauff 1984: 45.
Anthemiella Girault 1911b: 187 . Type species: Anthemiella rex Girault , by original designation. Synonymized under Erythmelus View in CoL by Schauff 1984: 45.
Eurythmelus Enock : Ogloblin 1934: 243 (misspelling).
Erythmelellus Viggiani & Jesu 1985: 487 (as a subgenus of Erythmelus View in CoL ). Type species: E. lygivorus Viggiani & Jesu View in CoL , by original designation.
Diagnosis. Head very short in dorsal and lateral views, with gena extremely narrow behind eye; preorbital and supraorbital trabeculae appear as broken lines in slide-mounted specimens; vertex usually transversely striate, rarely with a faint cellulate sculpture; mandible without teeth, reduced to a small stub; funicle of female antenna 5– or 6–segmented, very rarely apparently 4–segmented; clava with 5 or 6 (very rarely 7) longitudinal sensilla; flagellum of male antenna 10– or 11–segmented, very rarely 9–segmented; pronotum and propodeum mediolongitudinally divided, scutellar placoid sensilla very close to each other and touching transscutal articulation, dorsellum distinct and more or less projecting over propodeum as a small triangular lobe; tarsi 4–segmented; metasoma subsessile (petiole in dorsal view notably wider than long, more or less conspicuous in slide-mounted specimens); female gaster with a long and conspicuous hypopygium that is much longer than preceding sterna, male genitalia often exserted in dead specimens.
Comments. Both sexes of Erythmelus are usually easily recognizable and can be distinguished from other genera of Mymaridae in the New World using the key by Yoshimoto (1990) and in the Nearctic region using the key by Huber (1997).
Hosts are known only for a few species, these are eggs of various Miridae and Tingidae ( Triapitsyn 2003) . All non-plant bug or non-lace bug host records for the species of Erythmelus need to be verified and very likely are erroneous. Biology of Erythmelus spp. is mostly unknown although some recent observations are now available (e.g., Puttler et al. 2007).
De Santis, L. (1967) Catalogo de los himenopteros argentinos de la serie Parasitica, incluyendo Bethyloidea. Comision de Investigacion Cientifica, Gobernacion de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, 337 pp.
De Santis, L. (1979) Catalogo de los himenopteros calcidoideos de America al sur de los Estados Unidos. Publicacion Especial, Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, 488 pp.
Debauche, H. R. (1948) Etude sur les Mymarommidae et les Mymaridae de la Belgique (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea). Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 108, 1 - 248.
Donev, A. D. (2004) The species of Erythmelus Enock, 1909 (Hymenoptera, Mimaridae [sic]) in the Balcan Peninsula. Plovdivski Universitet Paisii Hilendarski , Nauchni Trudove, Biologiya-Animalia, 40 (6), 119 - 127.
Doutt, R. L. (1949) The genus Erythmelus in California (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae). The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 25 (2), 77 - 81.
Enock, F. (1909) XI. New genera of British Mymaridae (Haliday). The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Part 4 (1909 - 1910), 449 - 459, plates XII - XV.
Gahan, A. B. & Fagan, M. M. (1923) The type species of the genera of Chalcidoidea or Chalcid-flies. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 124, 1 - 173.
Girault, A. A. (1911 b) A new mymarid genus and species from North America allied with Anthemus Howard. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 13 (3), 185 - 187.
Girault, A. A. (1929) North American Hymenoptera Mymaridae. Privately printed, Brisbane, 29 pp.
Huber, J. T. (1997) Chapter 14. Mymaridae. In: Gibson, G. A. P., Huber, J. T. & Woolley, J. B. (Ed.), Annotated keys to the genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, pp. 499 - 530.
Ogloblin, A. A. (1934) Especies nuevas del genero Eurythmelus Enock de la Republica Argentina (Mymaridae, Hym.). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 6, 243 - 260, plates XXII - XXIV.
Peck, O. (1963) A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, Supplement, 30, 1 - 1092.
Puttler, B., Bailey, W. C. & Triapitsyn, S. V. (2007) New state and county records, host associations and preliminary bionomics of Erythmelus sp. near E. tingitiphagus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of lace bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Missouri, USA, with particular reference to Corythucha arcuata. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, in press.
Schauff, M. E. (1984) The Holarctic genera of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 12, 1 - 67.
Triapitsyn, S. V. (2003) Review of the Mymaridae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of Primorskii krai: genus Erythmelus Enock, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species. Far Eastern Entomologist, 126, 1 - 44.
Viggiani, G. & Jesu, R. (1985) Due nuove specie paleartiche del genere Erythmelus Enock (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Redia, 68, 485 - 491.
Yoshimoto, C. M. (1990) A review of the genera of New World Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 7, Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Gainesville, Florida, v - ix + 166 pp.
FIGURES 1–3. Erythmelus (Parallelaptera) rex (California, USA). 1. Antenna (female). 2. Forewing (female). 3. Antenna (male). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 4, 5. Erythmelus (E.) agilis (female, Mamontovka, Moscow Region, Russia). 4. Antenna. 5. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 6, 7. Erythmelus (E.) vladimir (female, paratype). 6. Antenna. 7. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 8, 9. Erythmelus (E.) coviellai (female, holotype). 8. Antenna. 9. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 13, 14. Erythmelus (E.) logarzoi (female, holotype). 13. Antenna. 14. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 19–21. Erythmelus (E.) rosascostai (Moreno, Buenos Aires, Argentina). 19. Antenna (female). 20. Forewing (female). Scale bars = 0.1 mm. 21. Genitalia (male).
FIGURES 22, 23. Erythmelus (E.) clavatus (female, Loreto, Misiones, Argentina). 22. Antenna. 23. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 24, 25. Erythmelus (E.) mudrila (female, paratype, Kimble Co., Texas, USA). 24. Antenna. 25. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 26, 27. Erythmelus (E.) burtik (female, holotype). 26. Antenna. 27. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 30, 31. Erythmelus (E.) toreador (female, paratype, Tortugas, Santa Fe, Argentina). 30. Antenna. 31. Forewing.
FIGURES 32, 33. Erythmelus (E.) toreador (male, paratype, Tortugas, Santa Fe, Argentina). 32. Forewing. 33. Genitalia.
FIGURES 34, 35. Erythmelus (E.) mikrob (female, holotype). 34. Antenna. 35. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 39–41. Erythmelus (E.) brachialis (female, holotype of E. dentatus). 39. Antenna. 40. Body. 41. Wings.
FIGURES 42–44. Erythmelus (E.) psallidis (female, holotype). 42. Right antenna. 43. Left antenna. 44. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 45, 46. Erythmelus (E.) psallidis (male, paratypes). 45. Forewing (Bay City, Texas, USA). 46. Genitalia (Florence, South Carolina, USA). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 47, 48. Erythmelus (E.) picinus (female). 47. Antenna (7 mi. E of Grants, New Mexico, USA). 48. Forewing (Monrovia, California, USA). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 49–51. Erythmelus (E.) picinus (male, California, USA). 49. Antenna. 50. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. 51. Genitalia.
FIGURES 55, 56. Erythmelus (E.) nanus (female). 55. Antenna (paratype). 56. Forewing (holotype). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 57, 58. Erythmelus (E.) verticillatus (female, Loreto, Misiones, Argentina). 57. Antenna. 58. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 59–62. Erythmelus (E.) noeli. 59, 60. Female (holotype of E. longicornis). 59. Antenna. 60. Forewing. 61, 62. Male (holotype). 61. Forewing. 62. Genitalia. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 63, 64. Erythmelus (E.) gak (female, holotype). 63. Antenna. 64. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 65, 66. Erythmelus (E.) fidalgoi (female, holotype). 65. Antenna. 66. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 67, 68. Erythmelus (E.) flavovarius (female, Sainte Colombe, Département Gironde, France). 67. Antenna. 68. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 69–71. Erythmelus (E.) reductus. 69. Antenna (female, holotype). 70. Forewing (female, holotype). 71. Antenna (male, paratype). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 72, 73. Erythmelus (E.) miridiphagus (female, paratype from the holotype slide). 72. Antenna. 73. Forewing. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 74, 75. Erythmelus (E.) tingitiphagus (female). 74. Antenna (Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela). 75. Forewing (Belém, Pará, Brazil). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 76–80. Erythmelus (E.) klopomor (female). 76. Antenna, funicle 6–segmented (holotype). 77. Antenna, funicle 5–segmented, F2 and F3 fused (paratype, Ft. Drum, Florida, USA). 78. Antenna, funicle 5–segmented, F5 and F6 fused (paratype, Ft. Drum, Florida, USA). 79. Antenna, funicle 5–segmented, F3 and F4 fused (paratype, Pompano Beach, Florida, USA). 80. Forewing (holotype). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 81–83. Erythmelus (E.) gracilis. 81. Antenna (female, holotype). 82. Forewing (female, holotype). 83. Forewing (male, Elizabethtown, Illinois, USA). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Erythmelus Enock, 1909
| Triapitsyn, Serguei V., Berezovskiy, Vladimir V., Hoddle, Mark S. & Morse, Joseph G. 2007 |
Erythmelellus
| Viggiani, G. & Jesu, R. 1985: 487 |
Eurythmelus
| Ogloblin, A. A. 1934: 243 |
Anthemiella
| Schauff, M. E. 1984: 45 |
| Girault, A. A. 1911: 187 |
Parallelaptera
| Schauff, M. E. 1984: 45 |
| Enock, F. 1909: 454 |
Erythmelus
| Donev, A. D. 2004: 119 |
| Triapitsyn, S. V. 2003: 4 |
| Yoshimoto, C. M. 1990: 45 |
| Schauff, M. E. 1984: 45 |
| De Santis, L. 1979: 369 |
| De Santis, L. 1967: 107 |
| Peck, O. 1963: 29 |
| Doutt, R. L. 1949: 81 |
| Debauche, H. R. 1948: 192 |
| Ogloblin, A. A. 1934: 243 |
| Girault, A. A. 1929: 7 |
| Enock, F. 1909: 454 |
Enaesius
| Schauff, M. E. 1984: 45 |
| Gahan, A. B. & Fagan, M. M. 1923: 50 |
| Enock, F. 1909: 456 |