Caltoris ranrunna ( Sonan, 1936 ), 2019

Hsu, Yu-Feng, Xue, Guo-Xi, Lin, Rung-Juen & Huang, Li, 2019, Resurrection of Caltoris ranrunna (Sonan) from synonymy as a skipper endemic to Taiwan based on COI barcode and morphology, Zootaxa 4555 (1) : -

Caltoris ranrunna ( Sonan, 1936) , stat. rev.

( Figs. 2–5 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 16–17 )

Parnara ranrunna Sonan, 1936: 215 . (Holotype in TARI, examined)

Caltoris cahira austeni ; Evans (not Moore, 1883) 1949: 452; Shirôzu 1960: 481; Hamano 1986: 263. pl. 54; Chiba et al. 1992: 132 (checklist).

Caltoris ranrunna ; Shirôzu 1960: 461 (checklist); Hamano 1986: 463 (index); Chiba et al. 1992: 132 (checklist).

Specimens examined. TAIWAN: TAIPEI CITY: 1♂, Xiangshan, 4. VIII. 1987 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu); 2♂, Wenshan, Gongguan Campus , NTNU, 15. VII. 2005, reared from Bambusa sp., emgd. 26. VII. 2005, 05G15 (Coll. L. H. Wang) . XINBEI CITY [= NEW TAIPEI CITY / TAIPEI Co. ]: 1♂, 1♀, Wulai, 22. VIII. 1985 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) ; 1♂, same locality, 1. III. 1987 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) ; 1♀, Miantianshan, 2. VII. 1987 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, Ruifang, Nanya , 26. IV. 2003, reared from Arundo sp., emgd. 28. V. 2003, HSU 03 E35 (Coll. H. C. Huang) . TAOYUAN CITY [= TAOYUAN Co. ]: 2♂, 1♀, Fuxing, Baling, 500m, 29. V. 2002 (Coll. Y. F Hsu) ; 1♂, Xuanyuan, 6. VIII. 1987 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu); 1♀, same locality, 27. II. 1988 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) . TAIZHONG CITY [= TAICHUNG CITY / TAICHUNG Co. ]: 1♂, Qingshui, 6. VIII. 2004 (Coll. D. C. Chen) . YUNLIN Co.: 2♀, Douliu, Linnei, Tudigongkengxi , 9. I. 2004, reared from Arundo formosana , emgd. 18. III. 2004, HSU 04 A1 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) . JIAYI [= CHIAYI] Co.: 1♀, Fanlu, Longmei , 11. XI. 2004 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) . TAINAN CITY [= TAINAN Co. ]: 1♀, Guantian, Wushantou, 40m, 24. X. 2009 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) ; 1shaBaihe, Guanziling , 400m, 17. IX. 2002 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) ; 1♀, Xinhua, 20. I. 2007 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu). KAOHSIUNG CITY [= KAOHSIUNG Co. ]: 1♀, Tianliao, Yueshijie, 80m, 3. XII. 2011 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) . PINGDONG [= PINGTUNG] Co. : 1♂, 1♀, Chunri, Dahanshan, 1000m, 4. I. 2003, reared from Arundo formosana , emgd. 18/ 20. II. 2003, 03A8 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) . YILAN Co. : 1♀, Nanshan, 24. VI. 1988 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) . TAIDONG [= TAITUNG] Co. : 1♂, Luyexi, 3. I. 1988 (Coll. Y. F. Hsu) .

Diagnosis. Caltoris ranrunna ( Figs. 2–5 ) is similar to Caltoris cahira (Moore, 1877) ( Figs. 6–9 ) in wing pattern and genitalia. Both taxa share unmarked hindwing undersides and caudal end of valva deeply divided ( Evans, 1949) ( Figs. 2–9 , 12–13 ). The following characteristics may be used to distinguish these two taxa: 1) The outer cilia of the wing fringe is white or creamy white in cahira , but creamy yellow in ranrunna ( Fig. 11 ). 2) Dorsal margin of valva is concave in cahira ( Fig. 13 , see also Eliot, 1992, Fig. 434), but straight or convex in ranrunna ( Fig. 12 , see also Shirozu, 1960, p. 430, Fig. 477). 3) Dorsal surface of hump at caudal end of tegumen is depressed dorsad in cahira ( Fig. 13 , see also Eliot, 1992, Fig. 434), whereas it is swollen in ranrunna ( Fig. 12 ). 4) Medial part of lamella postvaginalis is heavily sclerotized, with caudal end protruding into a tapering angle in cahira ( Fig. 15 ), whereas it is truncated in ranrunna ( Fig. 14 ).

Larval hostplants. The hostplants for larvae are well known for C. ranrunna , including various kinds of bamboos and a bunch grass called Arundo formosana (all Poaceae ) ( Hsu & Wang, 2004; Lu & Chen, 2014).

Immature biology. Immatures of C. ranrunna are known, with morphology and habits of all stages illustrated in Uchida (1991) and Lu & Chen (2014). No obvious distinction may be recognized between larva of C. ranrunna and C. cahira , except that the ground color of head capsule of grown-up larva may be paler in C. ranrunna than in C. cahira ( Fig. 16–19 )

Figures

FIGURES 2–9. Adult specimens. 2–5, Caltoris ranrunna, 2. male, upperside (TAIWAN), 3. male, underside (TAIWAN), 4, female, upperside (TAIWAN), 5. female, underside (TAIWAN); 6–9. Caltoris cahira, 6. male, upperside (CHONGQING), 7. male, underside (CHONGQING), 8. female, upperside (SICHUAN); 9. female, underside (SICHUAN). Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 10–11. 10. Holotype male of Caltoris ranrunna (Sonan, 1936) (TARI). 11. Fringe of forewing: left, Caltoris cahira, right, C. ranrunna.

FIGURES 12–13. Male genitalia. 12: Caltoris ranrunna. 13: Caltoris cahira. a, lateral view of tegumen, b, dorsal view of tegumen, c, juxta, d, caudal portion of aedeagus, e, lateral view of phallus, f, outer surface of left valva, g, inner surface of left valva. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 14–15. Female genitalia, ventral view. 14. Caltoris ranrunna; 15. Caltoris cahira. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 16–19. Larva. 16. lateral view of Caltoris ranrunna (TAIWAN); 17, head of Caltoris ranrunna (TAIWAN); 18, lateral view of Caltoris cahira (GUANGXI); 18, head of Caltoris cahira (GUANGXI).