Pseudosmittia togadistalis Sasa, Watanabe et Arakawa, 1992

Saether, Ole A., 2006, Japanese Pseudosmittia Edwards (Diptera: Chironomidae), Zootaxa 1198, pp. 21-51 : 41-51

Pseudosmittia togadistalis Sasa, Watanabe et Arakawa

( Figs. 15–17 )

Pseudosmittia togadistalis Sasa, Watanabe et Arakawa, 1992: 233 ; Yamamoto (2004: 89).

Material examined

JAPAN: Honshu, Toyama Pref., Toga­Mura, Yachidani , holotype ♂, 8.xii.1992, M. Watanabe & R. Arakawa ( NMST, No. A 191: 95). Paratypes ♂, ♀, as holotype ( NMST, Nos A 191: 76, 96) .

Diagnostic characters The hook­like apical projection of the phallapodeme ending in 2–3 distinct, sharp teeth will separate the species from all other species in the genus.

Description

Male (n = 2). Total length 2.17–2.29 mm. Wing length 1.23–1.25 mm. Total length/ wing length 1.77–1.83. Wing length/length of profemur 3.43–3.44. Coloration brownish black.

Head (Sasa et al. 1992: fig. 3a). AR 0.49–0.51. Terminal flagellomere 221–231 m long. Temporal setae 4, consisting of 1 inner vertical and 3 outer verticals. Clypeus with 4 setae. Tentorium 120 m long, 30–34 m wide. Stipes 105–124 m long, 38 m wide. Palpomere lengths (in m): 26, 34, 75–79, 71, 98–105; third palpomere with 1 lanceolate sensillum clavatum.

Thorax (Sasa et al. 1992: fig. 3b, c). Antepronotal lobes slightly narrowed medially, antepronotum with 1 lateral seta. Dorsocentrals 5–6, acrostichals 2, prealars 3, supraalar seta absent. Scutellum with 2 setae.

Wing ( Fig. 15 ; Sasa et al. 1992: fig. 3d). VR 1.33–1.34. Anal lobe weak, not projecting. Costa not extended. R 4+5 ending distal to apex of M 3+4; Cu 1 sinuate. Brachiolum with seta, other veins apparently bare.

Legs. Spur of fore tibia 30 m long, spurs of middle tibia 17–19 m and 17 m long, of hind tibia 38–41 m and 19 m long (Sasa et al. 1992: fig. 3e–g). Width at apex of fore tibia 30 m, of middle tibia 26–30 m, of hind tibia 34 m. Comb of 11 setae, 19–30 m long. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs as in Table 4 .

Hypopygium ( Fig. 16 ; Sasa et al. 1992: fig. 3i, j). Anal point 19–24 m long, 12–14 m wide at base, triangular and rounded, apparently without setae; tergite IX with 16–18 setae; laterosternite IX with 6–7 setae. Phallapodeme 78 m long, with conspicuous 28–31 m long apical hook with 2–3 teeth 19–24 m long; transverse sternapodeme without oral projection. Virga apparently consisting of a very weak median spine, about 17–19 m long, no lateral spinules observed. Gonocoxite 156–166 m long; superior volsella barely indicated; inferior volsella reaching to 0.57–0.60 gonocoxite length, accessory lobe weakly developed and reaching to 0.70–0.71 gonocoxite length. Gonostylus 66–71 m long; megaseta 9–11 m long. HR 2.33–2.36, HV 3.06–3.47.

Female (n = 1). Total length 1.51 mm. Wing length 1.03 mm. Total length/wing length 1.47. Wing length/length of profemur 3.52. Coloration brown, paler than male.

Head (Sasa et al. 1992: fig. 3k). AR 0.44. Lengths (in m) of flagellomeres: 60, 38, 38, 45, 83. Temporal setae 4, including 1 inner and 3 outer verticals. Clypeus with 6 setae. Tentorium 98 m long, width not measurable. Stipes not measurable. Palpomere lengths (in m): 23, 30, 68, 64, 86; third palpomere with 1 scalpellate sensillum clavatum. Coronal suture complete.

Thorax. Antepronotum with 1 seta. Dorsocentrals 4, acrostichals 2, prealars 3, no supraalar seta. Scutellum with 2 setae.

Wing. VR 1.40. Anal lobe weak. Costa not extended. R 4+5 ending distal of apex of M 3+4; Cu 1 slightly curved. Costa between FR and apex of R 4+5 with 9 non­marginal setae. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 5 setae, apparently no other setae on veins.

Legs. Spur of fore tibia 23 m long, spurs of middle tibia both 15 m long, of hind tibia 34 m and 15 m long. Width at apex of fore and middle tibiae 24–26 m each, of hind tibia 34 m. Comb of 11 setae, shortest setae 19–30 m long. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs as in Table 5.

Abdomen. Tergite I without setae, T II–VII each with about 6­9 setae, T IX with 15 setae. Sternite I, II and perhaps III bare, S IV–VII each with 4–7 setae, S VIII with 20 setae.

Genitalia ( Fig. 17 ). Gonocoxite IX with 7 setae. Tergite IX apparently divided, with altogether 7 setae. Cercus as in Sasa et al. (1992: fig. 3m). Seminal capsule (Sasa et al. 1992: fig. 3l, m) dark, ovoid; 64 m long, 50 m wide; microtrichia not observed. Notum 88 m long.

Distribution The species is known only from the type locality in Japan.

Pseudosmittia tokaraneoa Sasa et Suzuki

( Figs. 18, 19 )

Pseudosmittia tokaraneoa Sasa et Suzuki, 1995: 278 ; Yamamoto (2004: 89).

Pseudosmittia famikelea Sasa, 1996a: 60 ; Yamamoto (2004: 87). Syn. n.

Material examined

JAPAN: Kagoshima Pref., Tokara Islands, Kuchinoshima , holotype ♂, 10.v.1994 , H. Suzuki (NMST, No. A 287: 42); paratypes 2 ♂ as holotype (NMST, No. A 287: 43, 44); Honshu, Toyama Pref., Kureha Hill, holotype of P. famikelea ♂, 24.viii.1993, (NMST, No. A 254: 81); paratype ♂ of P. famikelea , as holotype ( NMST, No. A 254: 82)

Diagnostic characters

The nearly cuneate wing with postcubital fork, weak inferior volsella, curved gonostylus and very long U­shaped virga separate the male imago from all other Pseudosmittia .

Description

Male (n = 3–4, unless otherwise stated). Total length not measurable (1.54–1.66 mm in Sasa & Suzuki 1995; Sasa 1996a). Wing length 0.78–0.83, 0.81 mm (5). Wing length/ length of profemur 3.19–3.32, 3.27. Coloration according to Sasa (1996a) largely yellow with scutal stripes and postnotum brown.

Head (Sasa & Suzuki 1995: fig. 18a; Sasa 1996a: fig. 50a). AR 0.73–0.81, 0.73. Tentorium 90–98 m long, 11–19 m wide. Stipes not measurable. Palpomere lengths (in m): 11–19, 14; 19–23, 21; 23–34, 29; 30–38, 33; 45–53, 48; third palpomere apparently with 1 lanceolate sensillum clavatum.

Thorax (Sasa & Suzuki 1995: fig. 18b, c; Sasa 1996a: fig. 50b, c). Antepronotal lobes narrowed medially, antepronotal setae not observed. Dorsocentrals 4–5, 5; acrostichals 2; prealars 2; supraalar seta absent. Scutellum with 2 setae.

Wing ( Fig. 18 ; Sasa & Suzuki 1995: fig. 18d; Sasa 1996a: fig. 50d). Wing nearly cuneiform with postcubital fork. VR 1 1.76–1.81, 1.79; VR 2 1.27–1.44, 1.41. Costa not extended. R 4+5 ending above apex of slightly curved Cu 1. Brachiolum with 1 seta, other veins apparently bare.

Legs. Spur of fore tibia 23–26, 25 m long; spurs of middle tibia 11–15 m and 11 m long; of hind tibia 23–26 m and 11–15 m long (Sasa & Suzuki 1995: fig. 18e–g; Sasa 1996a: fig. 50e–g). Width at apex of fore tibia 19–21, 20 m; of middle tibia 19–23 m; of hind tibia 26–30, 28 m. Comb of about 10–11 setae, 15–30 m long. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs as in Table 6 .

Hypopygium ( Fig. 19 ; Sasa & Suzuki 1995: fig. 18i; Sasa 1996a: fig. 50a): Anal point triangular with rounded apex, 14–21, 17 m long; 14–26, 22 m wide at base; with 8–10, 9 setae, no further setae on tergite IX; laterosternite IX apparently with 3 setae. Phallapodeme 52–76, 61 m long; transverse sternapodeme 52–66, 59 m long, with oral projection barely indicated. Virga consisting of a very large U­shaped spine, 62–86, 69 m long. Gonocoxite 109–123, 115 m (5) long; superior volsella absent; inferior volsella very low, reaching to 0.62–0.70, 0.70 (5) gonocoxite length, accessory lobe weakly developed. Gonostylus curved; 57–63, 61 m (5) long; crista dorsalis conspicuous, apical, rounded, about as high as megaseta; megaseta 7–11, 9 m (5) long. HR 1.84–1.96, 1.90 (5).

Remarks

According to Yamamoto (2004: 89) there is no anal point on the holotype of P. tokaraneoa . However, the anal point, although difficult to observe, is present in all type specimens. Sasa & Suzuki (1995) interpreted the virga as consisting of several spines. In fact it is a strong U­shaped spine as illustrated by Sasa (1996a) for P. famikelea .

Distribution The species is known only from Tokara Islands and Honshu, Japan.

Pseudosmittia topei Lehmann

( Fig. 20 ; Sasa & Hasegawa 1988: fig. 5; Sasa & Suzuki 1993: fig. 9)

Pseudosmittia topei Lehmann, 1979: 46 .

Pseudosmittia ikemaensis Sasa et Hasegawa, 1988: 244 ; Yamamoto (2004: 87). Syn. n. Pseudosmittia amamiagina Sasa et Suzuki, 1993: 116 ; Yamamoto (2004: 87). Syn. n.

Material examined

JAPAN: Ryukyus, Okinawa Pref., Miyako, Ikema Island , holotype ♂ of P. ikemaensis , 3.ii.1982, M. Sasa & H. Hasegawa ( NMST, No. A 65: 12); paratypes 16 ♂, as holotype ( NMST, Nos A 56: 9, 14; A 65: 10, 11, 27, 29), paratype ♂ of P. nishiharaensis (misidentified), as holotype ( NMST, No. A 65: 13); Nansei Arcipelago, Kagoshima Pref., Amami­Oshima Island , Agina, holotype ♂ of P. amaiagina , 31.viii.1991, S. Hattori et al. ( NMST, No. A 226: 61), paratype ♂, as holotype ( NMST, No. A 226: 62) .

Diagnostic characters

The male imago is separable from other species by having a narrowly triangular anal point covered with microtrichia, bluntly triangular inferior volsella, slightly sinuate Cu 1 and usually no postcubital fork (forked in the holotype of P. ikemaensis and a few other specimens). The species differs from the West Palaearctic P. brevifurcata ( Edwards, 1926) by having only 2–4 spatulate sensilla clavata and apparently no sensillum capitatum. P. brevifurcata has 7–12 sensilla clavata in a more or less distinct sensillum capitatum.

Description The species will be redescribed in a world­wide revision of Pseudosmittia (in prep.).

Remarks

The wing length of P. ikemaensis is 1.10–1.27 mm, the antennal ratio 0.95–1.31, and LR 3 0.65–0.68, whereas in P. amamiagina the wing length is 0.84–0.86 mm, the AR 1.04 and LR 3 0.60–0.63. However, in the same sample from Ankasa in Ghana one specimen has an AR of 0.53 and a wing length of 0.76 mm, while another has an AR of 1.09 and a wing length of 0.96 mm showing the possibility of a large variation even within a single population.

Distribution The species is known from the Congo, Ghana, Tanzania and from the Japanese islands of Ikema in Okinawa and Amami in the Nansei Archipelago, Japan.

Species expected to be found in Japan

Pseudosmittia aizaiensis Wang, 1990 , P. nanseni ( Kieffer, 1926) , P. trilobata ( Edwards, 1929) and P. ruttneri Strenzke et Thienemann, 1942 , occur in China and/or Mongolia and the Russian Far East. The known distribution of P. azaiensis is small and P. ruttneri may be replaced by its sister species, P. kisotriangulata in Japan. Pseudosmittia nanseni and P. trilobata , however, are widespread and very likely to be found in mainland Japan.

The Oriental or Pacific archipelagos of Japan also are likely to contain some of the more widespread species found in the Indo­Pacific and Oriental regions including P. guineensis (Kieffer) , P. triangula (Tokunaga) and P. brachydicrana (Edwards) and perhaps also some of the species more limited in distribution described by Tokunaga (1964) from Micronesia and surrounding areas.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Dr. Akihiko Shinohara, National Science Museum, Tokyo, for the loan of types in the Sasa Collection, to Dr. Tadashi Kobayashi for information about the types of chironomids in Japanese collections, help in obtaining them and valuable comments, and to Martin Spies, Zoologisches Staatssammlung, Munich, for valuable comments and corrections to the manuscript.

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Figures

FIGURES 14–17. Pseudosmittia spp., imagines. 14. P. oxoniana (Edwards) (paratype of P. kurobeokasia Sasa et Okazawa), hypopygium. 15–17. P. togadistalis Sasa, Watanabe et Arakawa, wing (15), hypopygium (holotype) (16), female genitalia (17).

FIGURES 18–20. Pseudosmittia spp., male imagines. 18–19. P. tokaraneoa Sasa et Suzuki, wing (18), hypopygium (19). 20. P. topei Lehmann (paratype of P. ikemaensis Sasa et Hasegawa), hypopygium.

Tables

TABLE 6. Lengths (in m) and proportions of legs of Pseudosmittia tokaraneoa Sasa et Suzuki, male (n = 3–4).

	fe	ti	ta1	ta2 ta3	ta4
p1	246–250, 248	298–312, 303	165–175	66–76 57–66	28–43
p2	312–340	340–350	161	76–80 57–66	28–33
p3	302–312, 307	364–369, 354	161–175, 169	85–95, 90 85–90, 88	33–38, 34
	ta5	LR	BV	SV	BR
p1	28	0.53–0.59	3.53–3.73	3.15–3.37	1.7–2.4 (2)
p2	28	0.46–0.47	4.14	4.11–4.24	2.6–2.9 (2)
p3	28–33, 29	0.47–0.49, 0.48	3.40–3.53, 3.45	3.89–4.00, 3.94	2.8–3.7