Dryocosmus hearni Melika & Tang, 2016

Tang, Chang-Ti, Miko, Istvan, Nicholls, James A., Schweger, Szabina, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Sinclair, Frazer, Bozso, Miklos, Melika, George & Penzes, Zsolt, 2016, New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53, pp. 77-162 : 107-111

Dryocosmus hearni Melika & Tang sp. n. Figures 64-71 , 72-76

Type material.

HOLOTYPE female: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi ex Castanopsis sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI48), 22.630467°N, 100.026650°E, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 13.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn. Fifteen female and twenty seven male PARATYPES: 5 female and 7 male paratypes with the same labels as holotype; 2 female and 7 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex Castanopsis sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI48), 22.630467°N, 100.026650°E, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 14.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 4 female and 4 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex Castanopsis sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI48), 22.630467°N, 100.026650°E, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 15.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 2 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex Castanopsis sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI49), 22.630467°N, 100.026650°E, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 12.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 4 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex Castanopsis sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI49), 22.630467°N, 100.026650°E, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 13.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 2 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex Castanopsis sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI49), 22.630467°N, 100.026650°E, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 14.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 1 male paratype: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex Castanopsis sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI49), 22.630467°N, 100.026650°E, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 15.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 4 female paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Mt. Xinghou 3, ex Castanopsis sp4, 12.IV.2011 (CHI55), 22.073200°N, 100.184450°E, 1329m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 14.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn.

The female holotype, 4 female and 7 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 5 female and 7 male paratypes in PHMB, 2 female and 4 male paratypes in USNM, 4 female and 9 male paratypes in NCHU.

Etymology.

Named in honour of Dr. Jack Hearn (Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland), whose help was crucial in the organization of the collecting trip to China in 2011.

Diagnosis.

Most similar to Dryocosmus testisimilis .

Dryocosmus hearni : the head and mesosoma of females and males are orange-yellow (Figs 64-69 , 72-73 ), the metasoma is dark brown. The notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width = 5 (Fig. 73 ); posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough = 0.25 (Fig. 72 ); the central propodeal area is with a transverse carina in dorsal 1/3rd (Fig. 74 ).

Dryocosmus testisimilis : in females the head and mesosoma are light brown, the mesoscutum, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum are darker, the metasoma dark brown (Figs 180-181 ).

The body dark brown in males.

The notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width = 1 (Fig. 181 ), posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough>1; the central propodeal area without a transverse carina in dorsal 1/3rd (Fig. 179 ).

Description.

Sexual female: Head color: orange-yellow, except for darker mandibles, scape, pedicel, F1-F5 yellowish brown, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: mesosoma orange-yellow, except for legs yellowish, except tibia and first tarsomere dark brown, metasoma dark brown.

Head sculpture: smooth, glossy. Head shape anterior view: NOT CODED. Head width / head length: 2.0. Head width / head height: 1.30. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: 1. Gena sculpture: smooth. Gena reflectivity: glossy. Gena length / eye width: 0.82. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.50. Inner margins of eyes: NOT CODED. Median ocellus shape: spherical. Lateral ocellus shape: ovate. POL / OOL: 0.84. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.60. OOL / LOL: 3.10. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: NOT CODED. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.37. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 2.00. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.40. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: dense. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: small, indistinct. Epistomal sulcus: indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: indistinct. Frons sculpture: smooth. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: glossy. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: smooth. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: smooth. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: smooth. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: smooth. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: NOT CODED. Posterior tentorial pit: large, deep, distinct. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: absent. Postgena sculpture: smooth. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: present. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: <1.0. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: 0.68. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1.1. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.7. F1 length / F3 length: 1.00. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4-F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9-F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.63. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F12.

Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.26. Pronotum sculpture: smooth with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.2. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): coriaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width: >1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: semilunar. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: rugose. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: white. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: white. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: white. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 0.25. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth, with transverse carina in dorsal 1/3rd and with longitudinal paralell rugae between transverse carina and nucha. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: rugose. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: rare. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 3.7. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.

Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 0.40. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3-6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3-6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.30. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.

Body length: 2.80-3.10mm (n = 5).

Male: Similar to female. Color: Head and mesosoma orange-yellow; metasoma dark brown; antenna light brown to dark brown; inner margins of lateral ocelli dark brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 3.0. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: 1.30. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length: >1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1.07. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.08. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F13. Body length: 2.7-2.9 mm (n=5).

Gall (Fig. 76 ): Galls are integrated leaf swellings, usually located at the base of leaves, and are concolorous with the leaves. The galls are 22.4-24.3 mm long, 18.2-19.0 mm wide (n=3).

Biology.

Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected from young leaves of Castanopsis sp. in April and adults emerged from galls under laboratory conditions immediately after field collection.

Distribution.

China: Yunnan Province

Comments.

The pairwise genetic distances from other Dryocosmus species, based upon 433 base pairs of the cytochrome b gene (Table 1 ) and some morphological characters (the very broad notaulus in the posterior half, large scutellar foveae, the unique pattern of carinae on the central propodeal area, the uniformly orange-yellow body) make this species peculiar among all other Eastern Palaearctic Dryocosmus species which are associated with Cyclobalanopsis or Castanopsis .

Figures

Figures 64 - 71. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 64 - 66 head, female: 64 frontal view 65 dorsal view 66 posterior view 67 - 69 head, male: 67 frontal view 68 dorsal view 69 posterior view 70 - 71 antenna: 70 female 71 male.

Figures 72 - 76. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 72 - 75 female: 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 mesosoma, dorsal view 74 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 75 fore wing, part. 76 gall (photo by C. - T. Tang) (not = notaulus, trc = transverse carina on central propodeal area, sab = subaxillular bar, mtr = metanotal trough).

Figures 174 - 181. 174 - 175 Dryocosmus pentagonalis: 174 head, female, dorsal view 175 head, male, frontal view. 176 - 177 Dryocosmus triangularis: 176 head, female, dorsal view 177 head, male, frontal view 178 - 179 Dryocosmus pentagonalis, female: 178 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 179 mesosoma, lateral view, part 180 - 181 Dryocosmus testisimilis, female: 180 central propodeal area, posterior view 181 mesoscutum, dorsal view (dms = disc of mesoscutellum, not = notaulus).