Dryocosmus taitungensis Tang & Melika, 2016

Tang, Chang-Ti, Miko, Istvan, Nicholls, James A., Schweger, Szabina, Yang, Man-Miao, Stone, Graham N., Sinclair, Frazer, Bozso, Miklos, Melika, George & Penzes, Zsolt, 2016, New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 53, pp. 77-162 : 146-153

Dryocosmus taitungensis Tang & Melika sp. n. Figures 162-168 , 169-173

Type material.

HOLOTYPE female: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex Quercus hypophaea , 10.III.2011 (TWT473), 22°47'47.27"N, 121°02'33.20"E, 767m, ex multilocular twig swelling with crevices, (TWTs16), em. 13.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang. Twenty four female PARATYPES: 2 females with the same labels as the holotyope; 2 females: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex Quercus hypophaea , 10.III.2011 (TWT473), 22°47'47.27"N, 121°02'33.20"E, 767m, ex multilocular twig swelling with crevices, (TWTs16), em. IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 2 female: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex Quercus hypophaea , 10.III.2011 (TWT473), 22°47'47.27"N, 121°02'33.20"E, 767m, ex multilocular twig swelling with crevices, (TWTs16), em. 1.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex Quercus hypophaea , 10.III.2011 (TWT473), 22°47'47.27"N, 121°02'33.20"E, 767m, ex multilocular twig swelling with crevices, (TWTs16), em.2.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 2 females: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex Quercus hypophaea , 10.III.2011 (TWT473), 22°47'47.27"N, 121°02'33.20"E, 767m, ex multilocular twig swelling with crevices, (TWTs16), em. 4.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex Quercus hypophaea , 10.III.2011 (TWT473), 22°47'47.27"N, 121°02'33.20"E, 767m, ex multilocular twig swelling with crevices (TWTs16), em. 5.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 12 females: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex Quercus hypophaea , 10.III.2011 (TWT473), 22°47'47.27"N, 121°02'33.20"E, 767m, ex multilocular twig swelling with crevices (TWTs16), em. 7.IV.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex Quercus hypophaea , 8.I.2011 (TWT459), 22°47'47.27"N, 121°02'33.20"E, 767m, ex multilocular twig swelling with crevices (TWTs16), em. 7.III.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang; 1 female: TAIWAN: Taitung Co., Lichia Village, Beinan Township, ex Quercus hypophaea , 8.I.2011 (TWT459), 22°47'47.27"N, 121°02'33.20"E, 767m, ex multilocular twig swelling with crevices (TWTs16), em. 14.III.2011, leg. Chang-Ti Tang.

The holotype female, 6 female paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 7 female paratypes in PHMB, 4 female paratypes in USNM, 7 female paratypes in NCHU.

Etymology.

Named after Taitung County, Taiwan.

Diagnosis.

Dryocosmus taitungensis resembles Dryocosmus liyingi .

Dryocosmus taitungenesis : female head black; POL / OOL = 1.6; OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus = 1.58; OOL / LOL = 1.37 (Fig. 162 ); central propodeal area with longitudinal rugae; lateral propodeal carina slightly curved outward in mid-height (Fig. 169 ).

Dryocosmus liyingi : female head dark brown, with a light brown lower face, POL / OOL = 1.06; OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus = 2.1; OOL / LOL = 2.05 (Fig. 105 ); central propodeal area with distinct longitudinal rugae; lateral propodeal carina strongly curved outwards in the mid-height (Fig. 117 ). Dryocosmus taitungenis is also similar to Dryocosmus hualieni , see diagnosis to Dryocosmus hualieni .

Description.

Asexual female: Head color: black, except for mandibles, maxillary and labial palps yellowish; scape, pedicel and F1 dark brown, F2-F12 darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: black, except for lighter tegula; legs yellowish.

Head sculpture: coriaceous. Head shape anterior view: NOT CODED. Head width / head length: NOT CODED. Head width / head height: 1.20. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: <1. Gena sculpture: alutaceous. Gena reflectivity: NOT CODED. Gena length / eye width: 0.28. Gena shape: not boradened posterior to eye, not visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 3.33. Inner margins of eyes: NOT CODED. Median ocellus shape: NOT CODED. Lateral ocellus shape: NOT CODED. POL / OOL: 1.60. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 1.58. OOL / LOL: 1.37. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: 1. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.00. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 1.40. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.47. Lower face sculpture: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus convexity: convex. Clypeus sculpture: coriaceous. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: present. Clypeus pilosity density: dense. Clypeus pilosity color: white. Anterior tentorial pit: small, distinct. Epistomal sulcus: distinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: distinct. Frons sculpture: coriaceous with transverse striae dorsal to toruli. Frons pilosity density: NOT CODED. Frons reflectivity: NOT CODED. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: alutaceous. Interocellar area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Interocellar area reflectivity: matt. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: alutaceous. Vertex pilosity density: NOT CODED. Vertex reflectivity: matt. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: alutaceous. Occiput pilosity density: NOT CODED. Occiput reflectivity: matt. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: NOT CODED. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: absent. Postocciput pilosity density: NOT CODED. Postocciput pilosity color: NOT CODED. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: NOT CODED. Posterior tentorial pit: small, distinct. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: absent. Postgena sculpture: smooth with delicate rugae medially. Postgena reflectivity: glossy medially. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: dense. Postgena pilosity count: absent medially, present laterally. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: longer than wide. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: 0.83. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: NOT CODED. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.7. F1 length / F3 length: NOT CODED. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4-F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8 length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9-F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F 10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.67. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F12.

Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.17. Pronotum sculpture: NOT CODED. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: NOT CODED. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.14. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: triangular. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): rugose medially, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: dense. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width:>1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth with longitudinal, parallel rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: transversely ovate. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: 2.75. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: present. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, transepisternal line is marked by few delicate sulci, area dorsal to transepisternal line smooth. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: few setae present along margin of lateral mesopleural face. Speculum sculpture: striate dorsally. Speculum reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: rugose. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: white. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: white. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: white. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 1. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: NOT CODED. Metanotal trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: coriaceous. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 2.8. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth with longitudinal rugae. Central propodeal area reflectivity: glossy. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high, slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: rugose. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: white. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: NOT CODED. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 5. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis at half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.

Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 1/2. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present laterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: matt. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3-6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3-6 pilosity: NOT CODED. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 3.10. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.

Body length: 2.20-2.40 mm (n=5).

Gall (Figs 172-173 ): The multilocular gall is a stem swelling on the current year shoot. The gall is 8.4-29.2 mm long and 3.6-7.7 mm wide (n=7). Galls are located proximally on the branches, never apically, and are concolorous with the bark. The gall is brownish-red if the external layer peels off from the gall surface. The tissue of the mature gall is hard and lignified. During the winter the larval chambers fall to the ground, and the larvae overwinter in the leaf litter. Sometimes the larvae remain in the galls. Larval chambers are 2.5-3.3 mm long and 1.4-1.8 mm wide (n=10).

Biology.

The period of the gall maturation, the absence of males, and the adult morphology suggest that the asexual generation is described here. Mature galls were found in January and adults emerged under laboratory conditions in March and April in the next spring.

Distribution.

Taiwan: Taitung County, Beinan Township. Quercus hypophaea is an endemic of Taiwan (Govaerts & Frodin 1989), thus the described species might be also endemic to Taiwan.

Figures

Figures 162 - 168. Dryocosmus taitungensis, female, sp. n. 162 - 164 head: 162 frontal view 163 dorsal view 164 posterior view 165 antenna 166 mesosoma, lateral view 167 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 168 mesoscutum, dorsal view (tel = transepisternal line, spe = speculum).

Figures 169 - 173. Dryocosmus taitungensis sp. n. 169 metascutellum and propodeum, female, posterodorsal view 170 fore wing, female, part 171 metasoma, lateral view 172 - 173 galls (photos by C. - T. Tang).

Figures 105 - 112. Dryocosmus liyingi sp. n. 105 - 108 head, female: 105 frontal view 106 dorsal view 107 posterior view 108 lateral view 109 - 110 head, male: 109 frontal view 110 dorsal view 111 - 112 antenna: 111 female 112 male.

Figures 113 - 117. Dryocosmus liyingi, female, sp. n. 113 mesosoma, lateral view 114 pronotum and propleuron, frontal view 115 mesoscutum, dorsal view 116 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 117 metascutellum and propodeum, posterior view (tps = transverse pronotal sulcus, dms = disc of mesoscutellum).