Conus (Plagioconus) elatus Michelotti, 1847

Psarras, Christos, Merle, Didier & Koskeridou, Efterpi, 2022, Late Miocene Conidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Crete (Greece). Part 2, European Journal of Taxonomy 816, pp. 1-70 : 45-48

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.816.1747
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C150007D-80F9-4C34-9F85-BDB1211B244D
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6497983
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE28878C-DD2E-5A04-FDAA-FAC5C80FCB83
treatment provided by	Felipe (2022-04-25 19:01:29, last updated 2024-11-29 11:56:35)
scientific name	Conus (Plagioconus) elatus Michelotti, 1847
status

Treatment

Conus (Plagioconus) elatus Michelotti, 1847 View in CoL

Figs 29 View Fig , 36 View Fig , 40O View Fig ; Table 13 View Table 13

Conus elatus mihi Michelotti, 1847: 341 , pl. 13 fig. 16–16’.

Conus Puschi mihi Michelotti, 1847: 340, pl. 14 fig. 6. Syn. nov.

Conus elongatus nobis – Borson 1820: 198, pl. 1 fig. 4 (non Conus elongatus Holten, 1802 View in CoL ). — Hall 1966: 145, pl. 25 figs 6, 10–13. — Davoli 1972: pl. 6 figs 20, 23–24.

Conus Puschi – Hörnes 1851: 35, pl. 4 figs 6–7. — Hall 1966: pl. 27 figs 10, 14, 19.

Conus (Leptoconus) elatus View in CoL – Sacco 1893a: 35, pl. 4 figs 15, 17, 21, 25.

Conus (Chelyconus) puschi View in CoL – Symeonidis 1965: pl. 14 figs 1–3 (AMPG(IV) 3862, AMPG(IV) 3864, AMPG(IV) 3880).

? Conus puschi View in CoL – Davoli 1972: 128, pl. 8 figs 17–20.

Conus (Leptoconus) extensus View in CoL – Chira & Voia 2001: 156, pl. 2 fig. 1a–b (non Conus (Plagioconus) extensus Hörnes, 1851 ).

Plagioconus marii – Kovács & Vicián 2013: 81, figs 101–105 (non Conus (Plagioconus) marii (Sacco, 1893)) (non fig. 108 = Conus (Plagioconus) austriaconoe (Sacco, 1893)) . — Kovács & Balázs 2015: 26, figs 50–51.

Plagioconus elatus View in CoL – Tucker & Tenorio 2009: 11, pl. 6 fig. 5. — Harzhauser & Landau 2016: 132–133, figs 30h, 32a–b. View Cited Treatment

Plagioconus puschi – Kovács & Vicián 2013: 81, figs 106–107. — Landau et al. 2013: 245, pl. 39 fig. 5, pl. 41 fig. 13, pl. 42 fig. 7, pl. 81 fig. 9. — Harzhauser & Landau 2016: 139–141, figs 30j, 33a1–a3, 33b1–b3, 33c1–c3.

Type locality

Tortona, Italy (Tortonian).

Type material

The type specimens are lost ( Hall 1966), probably destroyed during WWII ( Manni 2005; Hall pers. comm.).

Material examined

GREECE – Crete • 19 specs; Achladhia ; 1964; Nikolaos Symeonidis leg.; AMPG ( IV) 3862 to AMPG ( IV) 3880 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; AMPG ( IV) 3885 to AMPG ( IV) 3886 • 2 specs; same collection data as for preceding; AMPG ( IV) 3888 to AMPG ( IV) 3889 • 1 spec.; Psalidha; 35.085° N, 24.962° E; Christos Psarras leg.; 2018; AMPG ( IV) 3900 GoogleMaps • 1 spec.; 1990; Action spécifique du Muséum project (1989–1990) exped.; MNHN.F.A83093 .

Shell description

Medium-large-sized shells (SL max.: 82.8 mm). Spire whorls of medium height, conical to convex in outline in early spire whorls, coeloconoid in late spire whorls. Early spire whorls conical, convex, slightly elevated. Middle spire whorls convex, with straight to convex sutural ramp. Last two to three whorls widened, with straight or inflated, deep suture. Absence of ornamentation along the sutural ramp. Subsutural flexure deep to very deep, rarely moderately deep, usually moderately to rarely strongly curved, strongly asymmetrical ( Fig. 40O View Fig ). Shoulder smooth, with weak angulation near external part of sutural ramp, more angulated on last whorl. Aperture straight, relatively narrow. Fasciole carved by growth lines. Last whorl straight conical.

Description of colour pattern

The colour pattern faintly exists in some shells in the form of axial flammulae in the spire whorls, parallel to the subsutural flexure. On the last whorl, some shells present continuous axially arranged stripes united with the flammulae of the spire whorls. Due to the bad preservation of the specimens, some partially preserve their stripes in the form of axial blotches ( Fig. 29H View Fig 2 View Fig ).

Remarks

Michelotti (1847) identified two morphotypes of Conus for which he gave two names, elatus and puschi respectively. The two species were differentiated mainly by the presence or absence of a widened last whorl and the angulation at shoulder. This difference was later illustrated in Sacco (1893b) and by Hall (1966). Davoli (1972) figured some extreme morphs of Conus elatus , but he failed to identify Conus puschi , as noted by Harzhauser & Landau (2016). Additionally, morphotypes of the Paratethyan Conus puschi possess shallower subsutural flexures than Conus elatus ( Harzhauser & Landau 2016) . Taking all this into account, we tried to identify our specimens based on morphology, as the colour patterns are poorly preserved or non-existent. The material mostly comes from one locality (Achladhia) and was previously assigned to Conus puschi ( Symeonidis 1965; Symeonidis & Kostantinidis 1968). We identified several large sized specimens with a widened shoulder and angulations at the shoulder ( Fig. 29F–G View Fig ), which can be considered as ‘ elatus ’ morphs. We also found shells with smooth spire whorls and almost no angulation at the shoulder ( Fig. 29A View Fig ), which can be considered as ‘ puschi ’ morphs. Due to the large number of specimens, we were able to see their morphological variability ( Table 13 View Table 13 ). We identified some shells with intermediate morphologies of smooth dome-shaped spire whorls ( Fig. 29B–C View Fig ) and widened shoulder ( Fig. 29D View Fig ) and others with an angulated but normally arranged shoulder ( Fig. 29H View Fig ). Furthermore, the subsutural flexure was variable in individual shells, and some had shallower SSF than others. With this evidence, we consider the two morphs being the extremes of a single species.

The Cretan specimens could be compared to Conus marii Sacco, 1893 but they differ from the figured specimens of Conus marii illustrated by Hall (1966) and Harzhauser & Landau (2016) in the elevated and less inflated spire whorls.

Some of the studied specimens ( Fig. 29A–D View Fig ) are very similar to specimens of Conus extensus Partsch in Hörnes, 1856 illustrated by Chira & Voia (2001: pl. 2 fig. 1) and Plagioconus marii illustrated by Kovács & Vicián (2013: figs 101–105) and Kovács & Balázs (2015: figs 50–51). All of them display conical to slightly convex spires of medium height and are considered as conspecific to Conus (Plagioconus) elatus Michelotti, 1847 .

Stratigraphic range

Burdigalian of Italy (Colli Torinesi) ( Hall 1966); Langhian of Paratethys (Pannonian Basin ( Kovács & Vicián 2013; Kovács & Balázs 2015), Transylvanian Basin ( Chira & Voia 2001, see Harzhauser & Landau 2016 for more references); Tortonian of Italy (Sant’Agatha fossili, Stazzano, Montegibbio) ( Sacco 1893a) and Greece (Messara an Sitia Basins, Crete) (this work).

References

Borson S. 1820. Saggio di Orittografia Piemontese. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino: 180 - 229.

Chira C. & Voia I. 2001. Middle Miocene (Badenian) Conidae from Lapugiu de Sus, Romania: systematical and palaeoecological data. Studia UBB Geologia 46 (2): 151 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.5038 / 1937 - 8602.46.2.13

Davoli F. 1972. Conidae (Gastropoda). In: Montanaro E. (ed.) Studi monografici sulla malacologia miocenica modenense. Parte 1 - Molluschi tortoniani di Montegibbio. Palaeontographia Italica 68 (n. s. 38): 51 - 143.

Hall C. A. Jr. 1966. Middle Miocene Conus (Class Gastropoda) from Piedmont, Northern Italy. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 3 (2): 111 - 171.

Harzhauser M. & Landau B. 2016. A revision of the Neogene Conidae and Conorbidae (Gastropoda) of the Paratethys Sea. Zootaxa 4210 (1): 1 - 178. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4210.1.1

Hornes M. 1851 - 1870. Die fossilen Mollusken des Tertiar-Beckens von Wien. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt 3 - 4 (published in parts): 1 - 42, pl. 1 - 5 (1851), 43 - 208, 6 - 20 (1852), 209 - 296, 21 - 32 (1853), 297 - 382, 33 - 40 (1854), 383 - 460, 41 - 45 (1855), 461 - 736, 46 - 52 (1856) (3); 1 - 479, pls 1 - 85 (1870) (4).

Kovacs Z. & Vician Z. 2013. Badenian (Middle Miocene) Conoidean (Neogastropoda) fauna from Letkes (N Hungary). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 30: 53 - 100.

Kovacs Z. & Balazs P. 2015. Conidae (Neogastropoda) assemblage from the Middle Miocene of the Faget Basin (Romania) in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 32: 11 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.17111 / FragmPalHung. 2015.32.11

Landau B., Harzhauser M., Buyukmeric Y. & Silva C. 2013. Systematics and palaeobiogeography of the gastropods of the middle Miocene (Serravallian) Karaman Basin, Turkey. Cainozoic Research 11 - 13:

Manni R. 2005. The non-isocrinid crinoids of the Michelotti Collection. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 44 (3): 211 - 218.

Michelotti G. 1847. Description des fossiles des terrains miocenes de l'Italie septentrionale. A. Arnz & Comp.

Sacco F. 1893 a. I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Torino.

Sacco F. 1893 b. I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Clausen, Torino.

Symeonidis N. 1965. Das Neogen von Ostkreta. Annales geologiques des Pays helleniques 16: 249 - 314.

Symeonidis N. & Kostantinidis D. 1968. Beobachtungen zu den Neogen - Ablagerungen des Zentralgebietes der Insel Kreta. Annales geologiques des Pays helleniques 19 (A): 657 - 688.

Tucker J. K. & Tenorio M. J. 2009. Systematic Classification of Recent and Fossil Conoidean Gastropods: With Keys to the Genera of Cone Shells. ConchBooks, Harxheim.

Figures

Fig. 29. Conus (Plagioconus) elatus Michelotti, 1847 from the Tortonian of Crete (Greece) on apertural and abapertural views under natural and UV (H2) light. A. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3875, Achladhia. B. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3867, Achladhia. C. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3876, Achladhia. D. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3865, Achladhia. E. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3864, Achladhia.F. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3863, Achladhia. G. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3900, Psalidha. H. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3862, Achladhia: Scale bar = 1 cm.

Fig. 36. PCA graph with three species of Conus (Plagioconus) found at late Miocene localities of Crete (Greece). Black dots = Conus (Plagioconus) elatus Michelotti, 1847; red dots = Conus (Plagioconus) aquensis d’Orbigny, 1852; yellow dots = Conus (Plagioconus) sp. Abbreviations: LW = length width ratio; PMD = position of maximum diameter; RD = relative diameter; RSH = relative height of spire.

Fig. 40. Examples of subsutural flexures. A. Conus (Lautoconus) eschewegi Pereira da Costa, 1866 (MNHN.F.A82976). B. Conus (Lautoconus) ictini sp. nov. (AMPG(IV) 3719). C. Conus (Lautoconus) sp. 1 (MNHN.F.A82982). D. Conus (Lautoconus) sp. 2 (AMPG(IV) 3756). E. Conus (Lautoconus) sp. 3 (MNHN.F.A83012). F. Conus (Lautoconus) cf. baldichieri Borson, 1820 (MNHN.F.A83013). G. Conus (Lautoconus) lauriatragei sp. nov. (MNHN.F.A83014). H. Conus (Lautoconus) damianakisi sp. nov. (AMPG(IV) 3802). I. Conus (Lautoconus) sp. 4 (MNHN.F.A83015). J. Conus (Lautoconus) sp. 5 (AMPG(IV) 3861). K. Conus (Stephanoconus) cf. taurinensis Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841 (AMPG(IV) 3808). L. Conus (Stephanoconus) moissettei sp. nov. (MNHN.F.A83071). M. Conus davolii sp. nov. (MNHN.F.A83091). N. Conus fuscocingulatus Hörnes, 1851 (AMPG(IV) 3858). O. Conus (Plagioconus) elatus Michelotti, 1847 (AMPG(IV) 3862). P. Conus (Plagioconus) sp. (AMPG(IV) 3890). Q. Conus (Plagioconus) sp. (AMPG(IV) 3898). R. Conus (Plagioconus) aquensis d’Orbigny, 1852 (AMPG(IV) 3907). Not to scale.

Fig. 2. Conus (Lautoconus) eschewegi Pereira da Costa, 1866 from the Tortonian of Crete (Greece) on apertural and abapertural views, under UV light, displaying morphological and colour pattern variations. A. Specimen MNHN.F.A82973, Crete. B. Specimen MNHN.F.A82974, Crete. C. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3702, Filippi. D. Specimen MNHN.F.A82980, Crete. E. Specimen MNHN.F.A82981. F. Specimen MNHN.FA82978, Crete. G. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3711, Tefeli. H. Specimen AMPG(IV) 3706, Filippi. Scale bar = 1 cm.