Pyrgopolon ctenactis ( Mörch, 1863 ), Morch, 1863

Bastida-Zavala, J. Rolando, Buelna, Alondra Sofía Rodríguez, León-González, Jesús Angel De, Camacho-Cruz, Karla Andrea & Carmona, Isabel, 2016, New records of sabellids and serpulids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae, Serpulidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Zootaxa 4184 (3), pp. 401-457 : 432-433

Pyrgopolon ctenactis ( Mörch, 1863)

( Figures 7 , 13 D)

Serpula (Sclerostyla) ctenactis Mörch, 1863: 386 . Type locality: St. Thomas, Lesser Antilles.

Sclerostyla ctenactis .— Bush 1905: 224 (type designation); Wrigley 1951: 184–185, fig. 38 (Octavia Bay, Pacific of Colombia); ten Hove 1973: 6–12, Figs 1–4 , 7 , 20–31, pls. 1, 3a–b, 3, 7 (revision of the genus); de León-González 1990, fig. 2 a–f ( Punta San Juanico and Cabo San Lorenzo, Baja California Sur; 27–30 m) ; de León-González et al. 1993: 879 (Puerto Escondido Bay, Baja California Sur, epifauna on the oyster “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ”; 30 m) ; Salazar-Vallejo & Londoño-Mesa 2004: 55 (Tropical Eastern Pacific, checklist).

Pyrgopolon ctenactis .— Jäger 1993: 95 (new combination, synonymy of the genera Sclerostyla Mörch and Hepteris Regenhardt with Pyrgopolon ); Bastida-Zavala 2008: 42, Figs 10 A–D (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Guerrero and Oaxaca; 6– 30 m); Bastida-Zavala 2009: 541, Fig. 3 V (identification key for Tropical America ); ten Hove & Kupriyanova 2009: 88 (worldwide serpulid checklist); Bastida-Zavala et al. 2013: 349 (Oaxaca, checklist).

Material examined. Eleven specimens.

Oaxaca: UMAR-POLY 806, 11 spec. (La India Beach, Huatulco , on Spondylus calcifer [now S. limbatus ], December 3, 2005, coll. JHB).

Habitat. Subtidal (6–30 m, de León-González et al. 1993; Bastida-Zavala 2008); ten Hove (1973) recorded 13– 53 m. On the spiny oysters “ Spondylus princeps unicolor ” (de León-González et al. 1993) and S. limbatus .

Distribution. Amphi-American. Caribbean Sea; western coast of Baja California ( Guadalupe Island), western coast of Baja California Sur (Cabo San Lázaro and Punta San Juanico), Gulf of California (Puerto Escondido), Mexican south Pacific (Acapulco, Puerto Escondido and Huatulco) and Pacific of Colombia (Octavia Bay) (ten Hove 1973; de León-González 1990; de León-González et al. 1993; Bastida-Zavala 2008). The record by Bastida- Zavala (2008) of the Pacific of Panamá is a mistake.

Remarks. Pyrgopolon ctenactis is recorded from a few localities in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. The Pacific population of this subtidal species might be a Pleistocene relict, the taxon was never reported from ship hulls, thus dispersion as fouling of ships is unlikely. However , a thorough review and comparison between Atlantic and Pacific populations is necessary, including a DNA analysis.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Study area. The Tropical Eastern Pacific, Southern California and Hawaii, with main geographical names mentioned in text.

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the sabellids Branchiomma bairdi, Megalomma carunculata, Parasabella pallida and Pseudobranchiomma punctata in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, Southern California and Hawaii.

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Ficopomatus uschakovi, Crucigera websteri, Hydroides cf. amri, H. brachyacantha and H. crucigera.

FIGURE 4. Distribution of Hydroides deleoni, H. dirampha, H. elegans and H. gairacensis..

FIGURE 7. Distribution of and Pomatostegus kroyeri, Protula balboensis, Pseudovermilia occidentalis and Pyrgopolon ctenactis.

FIGURE 10. Sabellids and serpulids in the Mexican Pacific. A. Branchiomma bairdi, anterior part; B – C. Megalomma carunculata, anterior part and caruncle; D. Parasabella pallida, anterior part; E – F. Pseudobranchiomma punctata, body and detail of abdominal section; G. Ficopomatus uschakovi, anterior part; H – I. Crucigera websteri, opercula, lateral and aboral side (colors in life and preserved).

FIGURE 13. Serpulids in the Mexican Pacific. A – B. Protula balboensis, body and specimen in the tube; C. Pseudovermilia occidentalis, operculum; D. Pyrgopolon ctenactis, operculum; E – F. Salmacina tribranchiata, operculum and colony on rock; G. Spirobranchus incrassatus, operculum; H. S. minutus, operculum; I. Vermiliopsis multiannulata, operculum with broken tip.