Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit, 2023

M., Luiz F., Iniesta, Bouzan, Rodrigo S., R., Claudio A., Souza, Zampaulo, Robson A., Cizauskas, Igor & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2023, Additions to the millipede fauna of an Amazonian ferruginous landscape: a new species of Pseudoporatia Golovatch, 1999 widespread in rock outcrops (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae), Zoosystema 45 (16), pp. 463-498 : 468-470

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a16
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DFF86D0C-0011-4197-AB6C-7592F949620C
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8344466
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA0A0B4B-D304-D42E-F552-D50C582E45F4
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit , n. sp.

( Figs 1-12 View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG View FIG )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BE0309DC-561A-4FC5-A6DD-EC0EB2B71CBD

TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Brazil • 1 ♂; Pará, Parauapebas, FLONA Carajás , cave N4WS_15 ; 6°3’59”S, 50°11’22”W; 20.IV-04.V.2010; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 6181 View Materials . GoogleMaps

Paratypes. Brazil • 1 ♂; Pará , Canaã dos Carajás, FLONA Carajás, cave S11C-0023; 6°24’16.4”S, 50°23’13.8”W; 16.III.16; BioSpeleo leg.; IBSP 4725 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Pará , Parauapebas, FLONA Carajás, cave N4E_02; 6°02’26.4”S, 50°09’40.0”W; 20.IV-4. V.2010 R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 6298 View Materials GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Pará , Parauapebas, FLONA Carajás, cave N5S_21; 6°05’15.4”S, 50°07’33.5”W; 25.VIII-3.IX.2009; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 6523 View Materials GoogleMaps • 2 ♂, 3 ♀; same collecting data as previous; IBSP 6528 View Materials GoogleMaps • 2 ♂; cave GEM-1481; 6°18’43.2”S, 49°52’57.8”W; 05-15.III.2012; INPA-DI 394 (ex IBSP 10569 View Materials ) GoogleMaps • 1 ♂, 1 juvenil; cave GEM-1418; 6°16’00.7”S, 49°57’03.2”W; 10-31.I.2013; MPEG-DIP 0175 (ex IBSP 10561 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; cave GEM-1462; 6°18’54.8”S, 49°52’53.5”W; 17.I-02.II.2012; MPEG-DIP 0176 (ex IBSP 10959 View Materials ); all from Canaã dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil; F. Pellegatti leg.; MPEG-DIP 0176 (ex IBSP 10959 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet “ kananciue ” (Kananciuê), a noun in apposition, refers to the main God of the indigenous tribe “Karajás”, original inhabitants of forests of the Araguaia River and the Serra dos Carajás, where the species is widely distributed.

DIAGNOSIS. — Pseudoporatia kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit , n. sp. differs clearly from Pseudoporatia perplexa by having 19 body rings in adults (vs 20 rings in P. perplexa ) ( Fig. 2 View FIG ), collum with 6 +6 lobulations not deeply incised, porosteles on third lobe of paraterga (vs second lobe) ( Fig. 3B, C View FIG ). Gonopods with telopodites partially exposed from gonocoel (vs telopodites largely concealed inside prominent gonocoel). Gonopods with prefemoral region having a broad, fringed lamella covering solenomere anteriorly ( Figs 9C, E, F View FIG ; 10 View FIG B-D); prefemoral process complex, with anteromedial branchlet and broad lamella; second fringed lamella distally covering solenomere ( Figs 9C, F View FIG ; 10D, F View FIG ); post-prefemoral region somewhat lamellar distally, fringed, with bifid branchlet ( Fig. 9D View FIG ); solenomere distally branching into spinulate branchlets ( Figs 10E View FIG ; 11B View FIG ), and without a fringe near the subterminal opening of the seminal groove ( Fig. 11B View FIG ).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 1377 individuals (746 males, 427 females, and 204 juveniles) were examined throughout this study. An extensive list of the examined material and their localities are given in the Appendix 1.

DISTRIBUTION. — The species is widely distributed in ferruginous caves in the large plateaus of rock outcrops of the Serra dos Carajás region, such as Serra Norte, Sul, Leste, Tarzan, and Bocaina , and from the municipalities São Félix do Xingu and São Geraldo do Araguaia ( Figs 1 View FIG A-C; 12).

DESCRIPTION

Measurement

Holotype total length 7.8 mm, width of midbody rings 2 mm; male paratypes 6.6-6.8 mm total length, width of midbody rings 1.5-1.7. Female paratypes 6.8-7.4 mm total length, width of midbody rings 1.5-1.6. Live coloration whitish, when longpreserved in 70% ethanol slightly orangish, legs and antennae faded. Body rings widely crusted by sediments of iron ore.

Somatic characters

Body with 19 body rings in both sexes ( Fig. 2 View FIG ). Head round, dorsal surface microgranulate ( Fig. 5A, B View FIG ), labral and supra-labral region densely setose ( Fig. 5A, C View FIG ). Interantennal isthmus about as wide as diameter of antennal socket. Antennae slightly clavate, in situ reaching body ring 4 when stretched ventrolaterally ( Fig.5A, C View FIG ); antennomeres proportion 1<2<3>4<5>6>7; antennomeres 5-6 with apicodorsal tufts of bacilliform sensilla ( Fig. 4 View FIG , at); antennomeres 4-7 with long, apicodorsal setae ( Fig. 4A, B View FIG ). Gnathochilarium squareshaped ( Fig. 5E, F View FIG ); mentum subtriangular, apparently with short setae only distally; stipes elongated, subrectangular, with scattered setae basally and 4-5 setae distally; lamellae linguales subrectangular, with scattered setae. Apical palps elongated ( Fig. 5F View FIG ). Mandibles with one elongated and other short external teeth ( Fig. 5D View FIG ); internal teeth with 5-6 lobes, with the second larger and the remaining decreasing in size from posterior to anterior; number of pectinate lamellae variable, c. 7-9 lamellae. Collum flabellate, completely covering the head in dorsal view ( Figs 2 View FIG ; 5A View FIG ); with 6+ 6 lobulations not deeply incised. Paraterga slightly directed downwards ( Figs 2 View FIG ; 3A, B View FIG ), subhorizontal; clearly lobulated laterally, with three rounded and moderately incised lobulations on body rings 2-18 ( Fig. 3B, C View FIG ); cylindrical porosteles (p) located between the second and third lobulations on body rings 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, and 16 ( Fig. 3C View FIG ). Posterior margin with lobulations directed laterally; anterior margin without lobulations. Dorsum convex; tegument strongly encrusted with cerotegument coated with soil sediments of iron ore, dull, beset with microvilli ( Figs 2 View FIG ; 3A View FIG ). Limbus composed of palette-like lobes with spine-like anterolateral projections ( Fig. 6C, D View FIG ). Prozonae and metazonae finely alveolate; metaterga with usual three longitudinal rows of relatively large, rounded paramedian (PM) and dorsolateral (DL) lobes ( Fig. 6A, B View FIG ), and with irregularly scattered, middorsal and intercalary flat small ones ( Fig. 3B, C View FIG ). PM and DL lobes decreasing in size and inclined caudad toward telson. Paraterga 2 not enlarged, paraterga 18 and 19 directed posteriorly ( Fig. 8A View FIG ). Body rings microgranulate and micropapillate ventrally ( Fig. 7 View FIG A-D). Ventral surface of prozonae with regular covering of spherical knobs, and anterior surface with papilla-like cuticular outgrowths ( Fig. 7D View FIG ). Epiproct relatively short, subtruncate, divided into 2 + 2 subtriangular lobes at posterior margin ( Fig. 8A, B View FIG ); laterally with 1+ 1 small, rounded, bearing-setae lobes ( Fig. 8C View FIG ), and rows of spatulate-like setae ( Fig. 8D View FIG , ssp); with 4 long, conical spinnerets ( Fig. 8E, F View FIG ). Hypoproct subtriangular, with 1 +1 long setae on paramedian lobes ( Fig. 8C View FIG ). Legs not visible from above, unmodified ( Fig. 7E View FIG ); podomeres with long setae mesally, tarsus densely setose, tarsal claw slightly curved ventrally.Prefemur and femur microgranulate laterally.Tarsus slender and longer than remaining podomeres. Proportions of podomeres: coxae <prefemur ≈ femur> postfemur <tibia <tarsus. Tarsus of anterior legs of males with spatulate-like setae mesally, and femur with subrectangular, fringed setae located mesally ( Fig. 7F View FIG ).

Male sexual characters

Gonopodal aperture transversely oval ( Fig. 2B View FIG ); in situ with telopodites crossing each other ( Fig. 9A View FIG ). Gonopods rather complex: coxae (cx) large, setose, strongly papillate laterally ( Figs 9A View FIG ; 10B, C View FIG ); cannula simple ( Figs 10A View FIG ; 11A View FIG , ca). Telopodite partially exposed from gonocoel. Prefemoral region densely setose ( Fig. 10B View FIG ), with a prominent, setose hump in posterior position ( Fig. 10B, C View FIG ); with a broad, hyaline, and fringed lamella (pl) covering solenomere anteriorly ( Figs 9A, C, F View FIG ; 10B, C View FIG ; 11B View FIG ). Prefemoral process curved mesad; with anteromedial subunciform branchlet finely fringed ( Fig. 10F View FIG ), and a second fringed lamella (sl) covering solenomere distally ( Figs 9A, C, E, F View FIG ; 10 View FIG ; 11B, C View FIG ). Post-prefemoral region finely setose ( Figs 9F View FIG ; 10 View FIG D-F); with branch thickened, slightly constricted medially, fringed marginally ( Fig. 10F View FIG ); distal region somewhat lamellar, fringed, and with a subfalcate, bifid branchlet ( Fig. 9 View FIG C-D, sb). Solenomere (so) arising medially, covered basally by prefemoral lamella and distally by secondary lamella ( Figs 9E, F View FIG ; 10A, E, F View FIG ; 11B View FIG ). Solenomere strongly fringed, distally branching into secondary, spinulate branchlets ( Fig. 11B View FIG ); subterminal opening of seminal groove ( Fig. 11C View FIG , osg).

Female sexual characters

Vulvae (vv) fully exposed from transversely oval aperture ( Figs 2D View FIG ; 6E View FIG ); setose marginally, subcylindrical; operculum setose ( Fig. 6F View FIG ).

ECOLOGICAL REMARKS

The ferruginous caves of Carajás where P. kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit , n. sp. have been found are usually superficial in the outcrops, with an average horizontal projection of c. 30 metres (longest cave with 1500 metres in size). These caves are surrounded by forest or rocky fields, connected with each other by a huge network of small channels (canaliculi), considerably expanding the species habitat and allowing the flow of populations between the outcrops (see Ferreira et al. 2015). Adults and immatures of P. kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit , n. sp. are mostly observed in deeper areas within the caves, usually in the aphotic zone, and preferring moist areas with any organic debris ( Fig. 1D, E View FIG ). The main organic matters in these caves are root mats of external vegetation and guano piles, with large populations of P. kananciue Iniesta, Bouzan, Souza & Brescovit , n. sp. commonly observed close to huge deposits of guano of bats of the families Mormoopidae de Saussure, 1860 and Phyllostomidae Gray, 1825 . Most of the caves where the species have been found in the Serra dos Carajás are in a relatively well-preserved area. Nonetheless, the original epigean phytophysiognomy of the region has been extensively altered over the last 30 years, with the vegetation nowadays partially represented by pastures or non-native plantations, mainly on areas located outside conservation units ( Fig. 12 View FIG ) (for more details, Mota et al. 2015).