Dasyphyllum diamantinense Saavedra & M. Monge, 2014

Saavedra, Mariana Machado, Monge, Marcelo & Guimarães, Elsie Franklin, 2014, Dasyphyllum diamantinense (Asteraceae, Barnadesioideae): a new species from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil, Phytotaxa 174 (4), pp. 231-236 : 231-235

Dasyphyllum diamantinense Saavedra & M. Monge , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1–2 )

Type :— BRAZIL. Bahia: Mucugê, Capão do Correia, estrada vicinal saindo de Caraíba a 17.5 km da BA-142, 1221 m elev., 13º06ʹ38ʺ S, 41º22ʹ39ʺ W, 11 July 2009, M. M. Saavedra et al. 968 (holotype RB!; isotypes CEPEC!, CEN!, HUEFS!, HUFU!, K!, NY!, P!, SI!, SPF!, SPFR!) .

Shrub, 1–3 m tall, erect, gynodioecious; branchlets hirtellous, densely spined; branchlet spines two, axillary, straight, 10–25 mm long, branch spines in fascicle, straight, 18-32 mm long. Leaves simple, alternate, subsessile, petiole ca. 2 mm; blades (1.5–) 2–3.6 (–4) × (0.8–) 1.2–2.5 cm, coriaceous, elliptical to broadly ovate, orbicular; base obtuse, rounded; apex obtuse, rounded, apiculate to aristate, apical projection 1–4 mm long, erect; margin entire, revolute; abaxial surface sparsely sericeous, adaxial surface glabrous; venation basal acrodromous with 3 main veins. Synflorescence in panicles or racemes formed by corymbs or umbels, terminal or axillary; capitula with discoid involucre, pedunculate, peduncle (3–) 6–13 mm long, hirtellous. Involucre cylindrical, 1.0–1.2 × 0.9–1.1 cm, involucral bracts in 6–7 whorls, brownish; external bracts 2–6 × 1.5–2 mm, in 4 whorls, ovate, elliptical, erect, coriaceous, apex acute, apiculate, the outermost whorl aristate, margin entire, plane, ciliate, abaxial surface sericeous, glabrescent, adaxial surface glabrous; internal bracts 8–12 × 1.5–2 mm, in 2–3 whorls, lanceolate, erect, papyraceous, apex acute, mucronate, margin entire, plane, ciliate, abaxial surface sericeous at apex, glabrescent, adaxial surface glabrous. Receptacle paleaceous, pilose. Monoclinous flowers 10–15; corolla tubular, 5-lobed, 8.5–9.5 mm long, tube ca. 5 mm long, external surface glabrous, internal surface sericeous at the base of the tube to the insertion of the filaments; lobes ca. 4 mm, external surface sericeous at apex, trichomes extending 0.5 mm beyond lobes, internal surface glabrous; filaments ca. 4.5 mm long, inserted 2 mm above the base of the corolla, anthers 4.5 mm long, basal appendage sagittate, apical appendage bilobed; style 11–15.5 mm long, glabrous, style arms shortly bilobate, papilose. Pistillate flowers 10–15; corolla tubular, 5- lobed, actinomorphic, 7.5–9 mm long; tube ca. 5.5 mm long, external surface glabrous, internal surface sericeous from the base of the tube to the insertion of the filaments; lobes ca. 3 mm long, external surface sericeous at apex, trichomes extending 0.5 mm beyond lobes, internal surface glabrous; staminoid filaments 1 mm long, inserted 2 mm above the base of the corolla, anthers 1.5–3 mm long; style 10–11.5 mm long, glabrous, style arms shortly bilobate, papillose. Cypselae 1.5 mm long, densely sericeous; pappus 9 mm long, plumose, bristles 15, golden.

Distribution and habitat:—The species is endemic to Chapada Diamantina , in the northern Espinhaço Range, in Bahia state, Brazil ( Figure 3 ). It grows on rocky fields or in gallery forests, montane forests, and seasonal forests, on sandy and rocky soils, at elevations of 700–1750 m.

Phenology:—Flowering from March to September, fruiting in September.

Etymology:—The epithet refers to the locality where the new species occurs, the Chapada Diamantina Mountains , in Bahia State.

Paratypes: — BRAZIL. Bahia: Abaíra, Chapada Diamantina, Catolés , trilha para a Serra do Barbado , 13º17ʹ07ʺ S, 41º53ʹ19ʺ W, 25 March 2005, M. L . Guedes et al. 11880 ( ALCB); subida para a Serra do Barbado , 13º17ʹ S, 41º50ʹ W, 30 April 2006, M. L . Guedes et al. 12298 ( ALCB); trilha para o Pico do Barbado , 13º17ʹ41ʺ S, 41º54ʹ31ʺ W, 17 November 2007, S. C . Ferreira et al. 363 ( HUEFS). Bonito , estrada Bonito–Utinga km 13, 12º01ʹ S, 41º11ʹ W, 870 m elev., 22 November 1992, L . Coradin et al. 8697 ( CEN, K, SPF, UEC); Assentamento Piratini , ponto T6 , 20 May 2001, L. J . Alves et al. 95 ( ALCB); sede provisória do assentamento Santa Terezinha , 21 May 2001, L. J . Alves et al. 120 ( ALCB). Iguatu , estada para Mucugê, 13 June 2005, M . D. Moraes 744 ( UEC, TEX). Morro do Chapéu , próximo a Moreira, 11º52ʹ S, 41º12ʹ W, 880 m elev., 31 March 1986, H. P . Bautista & A. C . Sarmento 1061 ( HUEFS, RB). Mucugê , Capão do Correia , 13º06ʹ38ʺ S, 41º22ʹ38ʺ W, 1221 m elev., 5 August 2004, E. L . Borba et al. 1937 ( HUEFS). Palmeiras , Morro do Pai Inácio , 12º27ʹ20ʺ S, 41º28ʹ23ʺ W, 1070 m elev., 20 July 2006, J . Paula - Souza et al. 6235 ( ESA); 12º27ʹ17ʺ S, 41º28ʹ05ʺ W, 960 m elev., 25 November 1994, M. L . Guedes et al. PCD763 ( ALCB, CEPEC, HST, HUEFS, K, SPF); BR 242 , west of Lençóis at Km 232, 12 June 1981, S. A . Mori & B. M . Boom 14351 ( CEPEC, NY); descida da torre de repetição, 12º27ʹ34ʺ S, 41º28ʹ29ʺ W, 1000 m elev., 27 June 1995, M. L . Guedes et al. PCD1913 ( ALCB, CEPEC, K, SPF); trilha de subida da antena para o topo, 12º27ʹ22ʺ S, 41º28ʹ23ʺ W, 710 m elev., 9 July 2009, M. M . Saavedra et al. 954 ( RB); lower slopes of Morro do Pai Inácio , ca. 14.5 km NW of Lençois, just N of the main Seabra – Itaberaba road, 12º27ʹ S, 41º28ʹ W, 700–1000 m elev., 23 May 1980, R. M . Harley et al. 22506 ( CEPEC, IPA, K, NY, RB, SI). Rio do Pires , Campo do cigano, 13º15ʹ43ʺ S, 41º55ʹ29ʺ W, 166–1750 m elev., 1 April 2000, F. H. F . Nascimento 352 ( ALCB, CEPEC, HRCB, HUEFS, SPF); 1 April 2000, F. H. F . Nascimento 365 ( HUEFS); beira do riacho da Forquilha, 13º54ʹ S, 42º29ʹ W, 1500 m elev., 24 July 1993, W . Ganev 1945 ( ALCB, HUEFS, K, SPF) .

Discussion:— Dasyphyllum diamantinense belongs to D. sect. Dasyphyllum according to its cylindrical involucre 1–1.2 × 0.9–1.1 cm, and synflorescences in panicles or racemes. It is morphologically similar to D. leptacanthum due to its small, aristate leaves, short internodes, and densely spiny branches. Dasyphyllum diamantinense differs from D. leptacanthum by the spines on the branches being 10–32 mm long (versus 5–10 mm long), leaves with erect (vs. recumbent) arista at the apex, capitula pedunculate (vs. sessile), synflorescences in panicles or racemes formed by corymbs or umbels (vs. capitula solitary, or rarely synflorescences in single umbels with 3–4 capitula), involucral bracts brownish (vs. black), and corolla tubular (vs. subligulate or sub-bilabiate).

These two species occur in mountainous areas, although Dasyphyllum diamantinense is endemic to the Chapada Diamantina Mountains in the Espinhaço Range, in the Caatinga domain, whereas D. leptacanthum is endemic to the Serra dos Órgãos and Itatiaia areas, both in Mantiqueira Range in the Atlantic Forest domain. The areas of occurrence of these two species therefore are separated by at least 1,000 km.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dasyphyllum diamantinense. A. Fertile branch. B. Branch spines. C. Leaf apex. D. Capitula. E. Outermost involucral bract. F. Innermost involucral bract. G. Complete bisexual flower. H. Corolla, anthers, and style. I. Cypselae and pappus. J. Internal portion of corolla (Saavedra et al 968, RB). Drawn by Maria Alice Rezende.

FIGURE 2. Dasyphyllum diamantinense. A. Habit. B. Branch with long spines. C. Apex of a fertile branch. D. Fertile branch. E. Lateral view of the capitula. F. Frontal view of the capitula, with tubulose corolla. Photos by C.N. Fraga.

FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Dasyphyllum diamantinense in northeastern Brazil.