Bonamus, Oman, 1937

Zahniser, James N., 2021, Revision of the New World leafhopper tribe Faltalini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) and the evolution of brachyptery, Zootaxa 4954 (1), pp. 1-160 : 33-34

Bonamus Oman

Type species: Bonamus lineatus Oman, 1938 ; designated.

Bonamus Oman, 1938: 365 [original description, illustration, morphology, new species]; Evans, 1947: 140 [classification]; Linnavuori, 1957: 138 [description]; Linnavuori, 1959: 63–64 [key]; Linnavuori & Heller, 1962: 5 [new species]; Metcalf, 1963: 60 [catalogue]; Hamilton, 2000: 437, 453 [key; morphology; classification]; Zanol, 2006: 97 [catalogue]; Zahniser & Dietrich, 2010: 507–508 [classification; morphology]; Zahniser & Dietrich, 2013: 83, 85 [classification; morphology]; Zahniser, 2007 [online catalogue]; Freytag & Gaiani, 2017 [online catalogue]

Diagnosis. Bonamus can be distinguished from other genera of the tribe by the macropterous males and females, the ocelli close to the eyes, anterior margin of head with numerous transverse carinae, discal portion of crown smooth, shiny, margin of pronotum much shorter than greatest width of eye, dorsum with distinct longitudinal orange stripes, subgenital plates with numerous long macrosetae arranged across entire plate, pygofer produced ventroapically into a process, pygofer with an internal lobelike process, connective articulated with aedeagus, ovipositor extending very far beyond pygofer apex, and first valvula dorsal sculpturing maculose and dorsoventrally elongated.

Body. Male, 5.1–7.2 mm. Female, 5.5–8.6 mm to wing tip, 6.0– 9.7 mm to ovipositor tip. Body length 4.5x width of pronotum (male), 4.5–5.0x (female). Anterior margin of head with numerous transverse carinae. Crown length 0.6x (male) and 0.8x (female) interocular width; texture mostly smooth with faint longitudinal striae; slightly depressed. Ocelli 0.5–1.0x their own diameter distant from eye; on anterior margin or slightly dorsad. Frontoclypeus texture shagreen; flat to concave, anteriorly abruptly angled dorsad to anterior margin of head. Antennal sockets situated close upper margin of face. Pronotum carinate laterally; lateral margin shorter than greatest width of eye; texture smooth. Scutellum texture smooth. Protrochanter without distinct setae. Profemur row AV with ~8–14 very short, stout setae; intercalary row with 9–10 thin setae; AM1 present; dorsally with pair of apical setae; row PD with distinct row of 3–4 macrosetae and some smaller setae. Protibia row AD with apical seta; row PD with 8–20 or more macrosetae. Mesofemur row AV with numerous short, stout setae. Mesotibia row AD with 6–8 macrosetae; row PD with 6–10 macrosetae. Metafemur apical setae 2+2+1. Metatibia gradually arched throughout length. Metatarsomere I long, slender; apex with row of 3 or 4 platellae, flanked on each side with tapered seta. Macropterous.

Color. General color whitish to yellowish or pale greenish. Head with three longitudinal orange stripes continuing onto pronotum and scutellum. Pronotum with additional pair of lateral orange stripes. Forewing with orange stripes continuing from pronotum and scutellum; with orange stripes in other cells of corium extending nearly to apical cells. Ventrally pale to yellowish.

Male. Pygofer incised dorsally nearly 2/3 its length to base; ventrally produced to large quadrate or broad spinelike process; without macrosetae. Subgenital plates relatively long, triangular; apices bluntly angled or rounded; with numerous long macrosetae across entire ventral surface. Valve long, triangular; length 0.7–0.8x width. Connective short; Y-shaped. Style broadly bilobed at base; preapical lobe bluntly quadrate. Aedeagus base about half as tall as shaft; shaft arising ventrally from base; curving dorsad; simple or with pair of apical processes; gonopore apical or on posterior margin; articulated with connective. Phragma sclerotized as setose lobe or pair of bulbous lobes articulating with dorsal rim of aedeagus; with an internal membranous process short and digitate ( B. lineatus ) or elongate and lobelike ( B. jussaral ). Segment X large, long, sclerotized dorsally and laterally.

Female. Pygofer with numerous macrosetae. Ovipositor elongate; extending very far beyond pygofer. Shape of sternite VII variable. First valvula slender, straight; dorsal sculptured area with dorsoventrally elongated maculalike texture, becoming more granular toward apex, submarginal with broad unsculptured band along dorsal margin; VSA present, distinctly delimited, sculpturing similar dorsal sculpturing. Second valvula lanceolate, narrow; without dorsal teeth. Gonoplac with distinct row of 12–16 macrosetae.

Distribution. Argentina, Brazil. One undescribed species, apparently a member of this genus, is known from a single female from Peru, Cusco Prov. (specimen at USNM). If confirmed by association with a male, it would substantially extend the known geographic range of the genus.

Remarks. Bonamus amabilis Linnavuori & Heller is transferred to Tenucephalus here. The species was described based on a female specimen and possesses the – interstinctus color pattern present in some other species of Tenucephalus . It is significantly smaller (4.7 mm) than the females currently placed in Bonamus (5.5–8.6 mm). Linnavuori & Heller (1962) indicated an uncertain generic placement of the species by placing a question mark after the genus name in the heading.

The unique internal membranous process of the pygofer ( Fig. 19 ) is an extension of the phragma which also forms the setose bulbous lobes in this genus.

The genus was resolved as sister to Tenucephalus , and the two genera together form a highly supported monophyletic clade which is sister to the remaining Faltalini . The two genera share characters of the ovipositor which is unusually long and protruding very far beyond the pygofer, the first valvula dorsal sculpturing pattern maculose and dorsoventrally elongated, and gonoplac with macrosetae. Males of the genera share the the phragma forming setose bulbous lobes articulating dorsally with base of aedeagus.

Included species:

jussaral n. sp. ( Brazil)

lineatus Oman, 1938 ( Argentina, Brazil)

Key to species of Bonamus

1. Smaller (length of male 5.1–5.4 mm, female 6.0– 6.7 mm) (17A,B); male pygofer ventral process with several large and small blunt teeth ventrally (17D); phragma ventrolateral membranous process short, digitate, reaching at most to midlength of segment X (19Q–T); aedeagus without apical processes (17H,I); female sternite VII posterior margin deeply excavated medially (17J)........................................................................................ B. lineatus

1’. Larger (length of male 7.2 mm, female 9.7 mm) (16A1,A2,B); male pygofer process without ventral teeth, ventral side rounded to base (16D); phragma ventrolateral membranous process much larger, wider, reaching nearly to apex of segment X (16D,E); aedeagus with pair of apical branched processes (16H,I); female sternite VII posterior margin not excavated medially (16J)....................................................................................... B. jussaral n. sp.

Figures

FIGUIRE 19. Bonamus lineatus, male pygofer with internal genitalia, subgenital plates, and valve removed. (Q) dorsal view. (R) ventral view. (S) detail of Q. (T) detail of R.