Trichoclinocera grandis, Saigusa, Toyohei & Sinclair, Bradley J., 2016

Saigusa, Toyohei & Sinclair, Bradley J., 2016, Revision of the Japanese species of Trichoclinocera Collin (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae), Zootaxa 4103 (3), pp. 201-229 : 209-211

Trichoclinocera grandis sp. nov.

( Figs 3 C, D, 4C, 7, 9C, 13A–C, 16C, 17E, F, 18E, F)

Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: “(YAMANASHI)/ Kanayama/ Sudama/ 19.viii.1962 / T. Saigusa”; “[HOLOTYPE]/ Trichoclinocera / grandis / Saigusa et/ Sinclair, 2016 [red label]” ( KUMF). PARATYPES: JAPAN. HOKKAIDO: Asiribetu, Sapporo, 30.vi.1962, S. Takagi (4 ♂, HUS); Berabonai, Ashoro, 24.vii. 1967, TS (6 ♂, KUMF); Fujikawa, Nukabira, 19.vii.1967, HS (2 ♂, 1 ♀, KUMF); Hattari, Atsuta R, 14.vi.1998, BJS (8 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Kamishibinai, Biei-chô, 27.vi.1967, TS (2 ♀, KUMF); Kamiwashippu, Ashoro-machi, 19.vi.1967, TS (3 ♂, 2 ♀, KUMF); Kiyokawa, Ashoro, 27.vii.1962, 23.vii.1967, TS (19 ♂, 18 ♀, KUMF), same locality, 29.vii.1967, HS (3 ♂, 3 ♀, KUMF); Mt. Daisetsu, 30.vii.1967, K. Kusigemati (2 ♂, 4 ♀, HUS); Mt. Izari, 8.vii.1990, A. Iwasaki (2 ♂, 1 ♀, KUMF); Nishinosawa, Eniwa-dake, 30.vi.1986, TS (6 ♂, 4 ♀, KUMF); Pirikapetan, Satsunaidake, 27.vii.1967, TS (2 ♂, 1 ♀, KUMF); Rausudake, 5.viii.1967, TS (15 ♂, 13 ♀, KUMF); Satsunai-dake, 700–1000m, 28.vii.1967, TS (1 ♂, 3 ♀, KUMF); NW of Shikotsu-ko, 30.vi.1986, TS (1 ♂, KUMF); Siretoko, 10–17.vii.1965, T. Kumata, I. Miyagi (9 ♂, 4 ♀, HUS); Mt. Soronuma, 23.ix.1966, K. Kusigemati (2 ♂, 2 ♀, HUS); Soranumadake, Sapporo, 8.viii.1962, TS (4 ♂, 10 ♀, KUMF); Soranumadake, 8.viii.1962, 18.viii.1970, S. Takagi (11 ♂, 6 ♀, HUS); Syokanbetsu, 21.vii.1964, I. Miyagi (1 ♂, 3 ♀, HUS); Takimo, Sapporo, Ashiribetsu Falls, 15.vi.1998, BJS (5 ♂, 5 ♀, CNC); Tenninkyo, Taisetsuzan, 27.vi.1976, TS (21 ♂, 24 ♀, KUMF); Tenninkyo, Daisetsuzan, 800 m, 10–14.vii.1986, D.M. Wood (1 ♀, CNC); Toikanbetsu, 12.viii.1965, T. Kumata, K. Kusige (9 ♂, 10 ♀, HUS); Yukomanpetsu, Taisetsuzan, 26.vi.1967, TS (2 ♂, 9 ♀, KUMF). HONSHU. Aomori: Oirasekeikoku nr. Towadako, 14.vii.1962, TS (5 ♂, 6 ♀, KUMF). Gifu: Futatsuya, Kawai-mura, 11.vi.1977, JE (1 ♂, 6 ♀, KUMF). Iwate: Hayatine, 4.viii.1964, S. Takagi (12 ♂, 5 ♀, HUS). Kyoto: Kibune, 8.vi.1963, TS (6 ♂, 4 ♀, KUMF); same locality, 8.v.1968, J. Yukawa (1♂, KUMF). Mie: Hirakura, 7.vi.1965, A. Nakanishi (2 ♂, KUMF). Nagano: Akagawara, Senjôdake, 8.vii.1963, TS (5 ♂, 2 ♀, KUMF); Hakuba, trib & Himekawa R, 5–6.viii.1998, BJS (9 ♂, 6 ♀, CNC); Nakabusa-onsen, Tsubakurodake, 17.viii.1962, TS (1 ♂, 3 ♀, KUMF); Shimashimadani, 9.vi.1975, JE (1 ♂, KUMF); Spa. Nakabusa, 21–24.viii.1961, A. Kato (2 ♂, 3 ♀, KUMF). Niigata: Mt. Donden, Sado, 18.vii.1955, K. Baba (1 ♀, KUMF). Shiga: Hirasan, 300–700m, 4.vi.1969, K. Kanmiya (7 ♂, 6 ♀, KUMF). Tottori: Daisen, Daisen-chô, 9.vi.1981, TG (2 ♂, 5 ♀, KUMF); Motodani, Daisen, 12.vi.1963, TS (1 ♀, KUMF). Ya m a na sh i: Amarizawa, Nirazaki, 8.vi.1962, 5.vi.1975, TS (3 ♂, 3 ♀, KUMF); Hirogawara, Kitadake, 19.viii.1978, JE (1 ♂, 1 ♀, KUMF); Hontanigawa, Kanayama, 23.viii.1978, JE (2 ♀, KUMF); Kanayama, Sudama, 10–12.viii.1961, 5.vi., 19.viii.1962, 30.vi.1963, 12– 13.viii.1973, 1–3.vi.1975, TS (51 ♂, 42 ♀, KUMF, 1 ♂, BMNH), same except, 27.v.1975, A. Nakanishi (6 ♂, 9 ♀, KUMF), same except, 3, 16, 23.vi., 28.vii., 2, 9, 11.viii., 1, 16.ix.1975, JE (57 ♂, 36 ♀, KUMF), same except, MT, 16, 17, 18, 20–21, 24– 25, 30.vi., 26.vii., 7, 24.viii., 1.ix.1975, JE (24 ♂, 18 ♀, KUMF), same except, LT, 29, 31.viii.1975, JE (31 ♂, 27 ♀, KUMF); Kurobera, 29.vii.1975, JE (3 ♂, 2 ♀, KUMF); Ohkanbazawa, Kitadake, 20.viii.1978, TS (3 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); same except, 19.viii.1978, TS (22 ♂, 17 ♀, KUMF); Shôsenkyô, Kôfu-shi, 5.vi.1962, TS (1 ♂, 2 ♀, KUMF); Tokusatôge, Sudama, 23.vi.1975, JE (12 ♂, 7 ♀, KUMF); Yanagidaira, Sudama, 2.viii.1975, JE (1 ♂, KUMF). KYUSHU. Fukuoka: Mizunashi Cave, Mt. Ihara, Maebaru-shi, 14.vi.1997, BJS (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CNC); Magaribuchi, Fukuoka, 2.v.1962, TS (1 ♂, 4 ♀, KUMF); Nogochi, 1.v., 7.vi.1997, 24.iv.1998, BJS (8 ♂, 7 ♀, CNC); Shiraito Falls, 28.viii.1999, BJS (2 ♂, CNC); Tainan Pass, Soeda-machi, 5.v.1998, BJS (2 ♂, CNC). Kumamoto: Haki, Izumi-mura, 11.vii.1978, TS (3♂, 3 ♀, KUMF); Haki, Izumi-mura, 23.v.1997, BJS (1 ♂, 2 ♀, CNC); Hirasawado, Gokanoshô, 3.viii.1975, TS (4 ♂, 7 ♀, KUMF); Momiki, Izumi-mura, 2.viii.1975, TS (8 ♂, 3 ♀, KUMF); Momiki, Izumi-mura, 20.viii.1999, BJS (3 ♂, 4 ♀, CNC); Shiratoriyama, Izumi-mura, 12– 14.v.1983, K. Ôhara (1 ♂, KUMF). Miyazaki: Okueyama, Kitagawa-cho, 3.vi.1979, TG (4 ♂, 11 ♀, KUMF). Oita: Handakôgen, Kujû, 23.viii.1962, T. Shirôzu (2 ♀, KUMF); Kujûsan, 28.v.1967, TS (18 ♂, 20 ♀, KUMF); Kyûsuikei, Kujû-san, 21.v.1962, TS (6 ♂, 3 ♀, BMNH); Kyûsuikyô, Kujûsan, 19, v.1962, TS (20 ♂, 23 ♀, KUMF); same locality, 21.v.1962, TS (50 ♂, 66 ♀; KUMF, CNC). SHIKOKU. Ehime: 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Omogokei, 28.v.1967, A. Nakanishi ( KUMF). Tokushima: Inodani, Tsurugisan, 21.vi.1988, TS (17 ♂, 21 ♀, KUMF); Ichiu, 3.vi.1981, TG (82 ♂, 58 ♀, KUMF); Tsurugisan, 4.vi.1981, K. Ôhara (17 ♂, 12 ♀, KUMF); Tsurugisan, Higashiya, 4.vi.1981, TG (2 ♂, 1 ♀, KUMF); Tochikubodani, Tomaru, 22.vi.1988, TS (2 ♀, KUMF).

Recognition. Distinguished from other Japanese species by its large size, presence of stout anterodorsal bristles on mid and hindlegs, posterodorsal bristles absent, and face with bright blue pruinescence.

Description. Wing length 5.6–6.4 mm. Male. Clothed in blue pruinescence except vertex of head and scutum brown. Head rounded; compound eyes large, rounded ( Fig. 3 C). Face with bright blue pruinescence, with broad, median brown patch on carina and narrow dorsal stripe; face narrowest at middle, slightly wider than antennal sockets, lower margin of face with deep cleft and distinct carina; gena one-fifth as wide as height of eye. Ocellar bristles longest among cranial bristles; occiput with 2–4 pairs of bristles posterior to ocellar triangle; postocular with row of short bristles along margin of eye, upper third darker and more stout than lower bristles. Arista-like stylus long and slender, tapered apically. Palpus clavate, length greater than half height of eye.

Pleura, postpronotal lobe, notopleuron and postalar, prescutellar depression, and scutellum with bright blue pruinescence; posterolateral corner of scutum near postalar ridge bluish; scutum faintly bivittate. Thoracic setae long, some ca. as long as width of eye; acrostichal setulae lacking; 6–8 pairs dc; 1 pprn; 1 presut spal; 3 npl; 2 psut spal; 1 pal; 1 pair sctl, lacking setulae on disc; several setulae on postpronotal lobe and notopleural depression. Laterotergite with patch of pale setae; prothoracic episternum with long pale setae, setae lacking on katepisternum, and hind margins of metepisternum.

Wing narrow, infuscate ( Fig. 16 C); pterostigma very narrow, faint, parallel-sided. Basal costal seta shorter than posterior dc. Row of setulae from base of R to tip of R1; cell dm produced somewhat apically; R4 and R5 somewhat curved, parallel except extreme apex divergent. Halter brown with pale base.

Legs greyish, generally darker towards tips, with coxae and trochanters clothed in blue pruinescence. Coxae with long pale, marginal setae. Fore femur with 2 stout anterior setae in horizontal row on apical third ( Figs 17 C, D); row of 4–5 stout anteroventral setae on apical half, length ca. half width of femur, intermixed with 2–3 short setae; basal half with row of ca. 10 very short, stout setae and 2–4 anteroventral setae, less stout than apical setae, length ca. one-third width of femur; posteroventral margin with 3–5 setae on apical half, less stout than anteroventral setae, with 2–6 short setulae intermixed; basal half with row of pale setae, increasing in length basally to longer than basal width of femur. Fore tibia with biserial row of short, stout setae beneath. Foreleg tarsomeres with white, dense ventral pubescence, length ca. half width of tarsomeres. Mid and hind femora with widely spaced pairs of antero- and posteroventral, and anterodorsal bristles on apical two-thirds; posterodorsal bristles absent. Base of hind tibia with pair of divergent dorsal setae ( Fig. 3 D) (1 posterodorsal and 1 anterodorsal); anteroventral margin with row of short bristles, less than width of tibia. Tarsus length longer than corresponding fore and mid tibiae, shorter than hind tibia. Empodium pulvilliform, slightly shorter than claw, ca. half length of tarsomere.

Hypandrium quadrate, shorter than epandrium ( Figs 4 C, 9C). Phallus not extended beyond apex of clasping cercus, slightly arched at mid-length; apex with anterior, slender sickle-shaped extension enclosing membrane, posterior extension, expanded; ejaculatory apodeme nearly straight at apical third. Surstylus narrow, short, with membranous posterior margin and 2 short anterior teeth-like processes. Clasping cercus broad basally, strongly tapered to rounded apex on apical half; bearing peg-like setae on inner dorsal margin.

Female. Similar to male except as follows: basal anteroventral bristles of fore femur absent, replaced with long, pale setae; posteroventral basal setae less pronounced. Fore tibiae lacking biserial row of erect setae beneath ( Figs 18 E, F). Posterior marginal setae of tergum 7 long, strong, dense and evenly distributed; sternum 7 weakly emarginated posteriorly, bearing strong posterior marginal setae somewhat indistinctly gathered in midventral and sublateral groups, but not so clearly grouped as in T. takagii sp.nov., 1–2 most lateral setae usually more or less isolated from sublateral group; tergum 8 with posterior marginal setae long, dense and weakly curved ventrally on dorsal area, slightly shorter and straight on lateral areas; sternum 8 moderately emarginated posteriorly, densely clothed with minute pile-like setulae, sparsely clothed with minute setulae on lateral surface; tergite 10 with 25–30 long and rather stout apically curved setae, slightly shorter towards tip, with 1–3 setae stouter than others; sternite 10 with setae almost as long as sternite ( Figs 13 A–C).

Distribution. This is a wide ranging species, known from the Japanese islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu ( Fig. 7 ). Adults are collected from April to September.

Etymology. The specific epithet “ grandis ” refers to the larger size compared to other Japanese species of Trichoclinocera .

Remarks. This species is the most common Trichoclinocera in Japan.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Scanning Electron photographs of Trichoclinocera spp. A, T. fuscipennis Saigusa, head, lateral view; B, T. fuscipennis Saigusa, male genitalia, lateral view; C, T. grandis sp. nov., head, lateral view; D, T. grandis sp. nov., base of hind tibia, dorsal view.

FIGURE 4. Male terminalia of Japanese species of Trichoclinocera. A, T. fuscipennis Saigusa; B, T. gracilis sp. nov.; C, T. grandis sp. nov.; D, T. miranda sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cl cerc—clasping cercus; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus; sur—surstylus.

FIGURE 7. Known distribution of Japanese species of Trichoclinocera: T. grandis sp. nov.

FIGURE 13. Female terminalia of Trichoclinocera, lateral view. A – C, T. grandis sp. nov. (Kanayama, Honshu); D – F, T. miranda sp. nov. (Kushidagawa, Honshu); A, D: lateral aspect posterior from abdominal segment 7; B, E: ventral aspect posterior from abdominal segment 7; C, F: lateral aspect posterior from abdominal segment 8. Scale bars = 0.4 mm, except Figs C and F where scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 16. Male wings of Trichoclinocera spp. A, T. fuscipennis Saigusa (Magaribuchi, Kyushu); B, T. gracilis sp. nov. (Minamata, Kyushu); C, T. grandis sp. nov. (Kanayama, Yamanashi); D, T. miranda sp. nov. (Kushidagawa, Honshu); E, T. setigera sp. nov. (Isedaki, Honshu); F, T. shinogii sp. nov. (Kushidagawa, Honshu); G, T. stigmatica sp. nov. (Hirasawado, Kyushu); H, T. takagii sp. nov. (Ichiu, Shikoku). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 17. Male left fore femora of Trichoclinocera, anterior (left) and posterior (right) views. A – B, T. fuscipennis Saigusa (Magaribuchi, Kyushu); C – D, T. gracilis sp. nov. (Minamata, Kyushu); E – F, T. grandis sp. nov. (Kanayama, Honshu); G – H, T. miranda sp. nov. (Kushidagawa, Honshu); I – J, T. setigera sp. nov. (Ôkanbazawa, Honshu); K – L, T. shinogii sp. nov. (Kushidagawa, Honshu); M – N, T. stigmatica sp. nov. (Kujûsan, Kyushu); O – P, T. takagii sp. nov. (Ichiu, Shikoku). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 18. Female left fore femora of Trichoclinocera, anterior (left) and posterior (right) views. A – B, T. fuscipennis Saigusa (Magaribuchi, Kyushu); C – D, T. gracilis sp. nov. (Minamata, Kyushu); E – F, T. grandis sp. nov. (Kanayama, Honshu); G – H, T. miranda sp. nov. (Kushidagawa, Honshu); I – J, T. setigera sp. nov. (Spa Nakabusa, Honshu); K – L, T. shinogii sp. nov. (Kushidagawa, Honshu); M – N, T. stigmatica sp. nov. (Kujûsan, Kyushu); O – P, T. takagii sp. nov. (Ichiu, Shikoku). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.