Pseudaugochlora flammula Almeida

Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2008, Revision of the Brazilian Species of Pseudaugochlora Michener 1954 (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini), Zootaxa 1679, pp. 1-38 : 22-24

Pseudaugochlora flammula Almeida sp.n.

Diagnosis. This species is most similar to P. erythrogaster and P. pandora from which it can be distinguished by the abrupty declivous angle of the frontal line between supraclypeal and frontal areas (approximately 100: Fig.6 b; in P. erythrogaster and P. pandora this angle is more gently declivous, approximately 140º, as in Fig.6 a). P. flammula can also be distinguished by the unmodified F11 of the male ( Fig.1 d; in P. erythrogaster it is hooked [ Fig.1 c] and in P. pandora it is curved ventrally [ Fig.1 e]), and by the hair tufts of S4 and S5 and the genitalia of the male as shown in Figs.3 c and 4b ( P. erythrogaster : as in Figs.3 a, 4a; P. pandora : Figs.3 d, 4c); and the smooth integument of the female mesoscutum among punctures ( Fig.5 b; microreticulate in P. erythrogaster , as in Fig.5 a).

Description. FEMALE (Holotype)

Color: metallic green with yellow and blue highlights, except: mandible black with brown condyle, on apical third dark brown, with weak greenish spot in the base; dorsal keel of labrum ferruginous brown, remainder of labrum and apical margin of clypeus black, transverse line next to black apical margin of clypeus with yellowish and reddish highlights; tegula mostly light brown, except for a greenish anterior spot; wing hyaline; wing veins light brown (R darker); tarsi and internal face of tibiae dark brown, apex of tarsomeres and whole anterior face of distitarsus light brown; internal face of femora black with greenish highlights; tibial spurs and strigilis light yellow; on disc of T2–T5 with golden and bronze highlights; T2–T5 with dark brown apical margin; pre­marginal band of T2 with blue, rosy and brownish highlights; T5 around pseudopygidial area with dark blue and lilac highlights; anterior half of postgradular area of metasomal sterna blackish.

Pubescence: predominantly light yellow, except: dark brown around ocelli; on mesoscutum and scutellum yellowish intermixed with sparse dark hairs; golden yellow on T2–T5; on pseudopygidial area brown; on metasomal sterna creamy. On condylar groove and interspace of mandible long, simple and semierect, shorter apicad, on outer surface shorter and very fine; on labrum absent, except marginal fringe; on disc of clypeus moderately short, moderately plumose and semidecumbent, on apical margin long, simple and erect; on malar area very short; on paraocular and supraclypeal areas moderately long, densely plumose and semierect to erect; on frons long, plumose and semierect, finer near ocelli; on postocellar fringe moderately plumose and semierect; on gena long, plumose and semidecumbent, very short and densely plumose near eye margin; on scape short, simple and semidecumbent, moderately long and moderately fine near base; on pedicel minute and semidecumbent, with a median ring of long apically directed setae; on flagellum minute and semidecumbent, longer on F1; on dorsal surface of pronotum short, moderately plumose and erect, on pronotal dorsal carina longer; on mesoscutum short, plumose and erect, intermixed with minute, fine and erect setae; on scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and posterior surface of propodeum moderately long, densely plumose and erect to semierect; on wings denser apically; on T1–T4 very short, fine and decumbent, intermixed with long and decumbent setae; on T5 short, fine and decumbent; on pseudopygidial area moderately short, plumose and semierect; on metasomal sterna moderately long and semidecumbent, shorter distad to apical margin. Scopa, except on tibia, constituted by long hairs, branched at approximately their distal half and forming a tangle; on hind tibia hairs are less dense and branched approximately at distal third.

Sculpture: integument smooth among punctures ( Fig.5 b) except: outer interspace of mandible longitudinally microrugulose; basal area of labrum microrugulose except a smooth area near basal elevation; near apical margin of clypeus microrugulose; paraocular area rough; vertex between eye and lateral ocelli rough; scape microreticulate; dorsal ridge of pronotum irregularly microrugulose; mesoscutum near anterior margin irregularly microreticulate; metanotum coarsely reticulate, microreticulate inside reticulations; metapostnotum coarse and deeply reticulate, posteriorly microreticulate inside reticulations; disc of T1 weakly microreticulate anteriorly.

Punctures: on outer interspace of mandible moderately coarse and moderately dense; on basal area of labrum absent; on clypeus coarse and dense, finer near lateral and posterior margins, on apical margin moderately fine and dense; on anterior face of supraclypeal area moderately coarse and dense, on the remainder beveled, moderately coarse and dense; between supraclypeal and frontal areas very fine and sparse; on frons moderately fine and very dense; on paraocular area beveled, moderately fine and moderately dense; on vertex behind ocelli (anterior face of postocellar ridge) protuberant, very fine and moderately sparse; on vertex between eye and lateral ocellus beveled and fine; on gena beveled, moderately coarse and moderately dense, finer and denser near eye margin; on scape beveled fine and very sparse; on F1 beveled and very fine, on F2 beveled, moderately fine and sparse, on F3–F10 beveled fine and dense; on dorsal ridge of pronotum protuberant, very fine and sparse; on disc of mesoscutum moderately fine and dense, intermixed with few coarser and sparser punctures; on scutellum dense – fine, very fine and coarse punctures intermixed; on anterior third of metanotum minute and sparse, on remainder moderately coarse; on metapostnotum absent; on posterior surface of propodeum beveled, coarse and moderately sparse; on mesepisternum moderately fine and very dense; on anterior vertical surface of T1 fine and sparse (two to four diameters apart), on disc of T1 fine and sparse, sparser toward anterior and posterior margins, finer medially; on T2–T4 very fine and sparse (more than three diameters apart), intermixed with few fine punctures.

Structure: disc of clypeus almost flat; epistomal sulcus forming small and acute paraocular lobe protruding onto clypeus; frontal carina weakly marked; angle of the frontal line between supraclypeal and frontal areas abrupty declivous (approximately 100 — Fig.6 b); six unevenly spaced hamuli on hind wing; right inner hind tibial spur with 5 teeth (the left spur was not visible); basitibial plate slightly convex longitudinally, basal area approximately flat.

Measurements (mm). Approximate length of body = 8.9, anterior wing = 7.5. Length and width of head = 2.21, 2.73. Maximum, inferior and superior distances between eyes = 1.94, 1.36, 1.49. IOC, OOC = 0.31, 0.40; MOD, LOD = 0.19, 0.18. Length and diameter of scape = 0.96, 0.17. Length of pedicel, F1, F2, F3 and F10 = 0.13, 0.17, 0.15, 0.17, 0.31. Diameter of F5 = 0.18. Length and width of mesoscutum = 1.78, 2.11. Length and width of prestigma = 0.27, 0.19. Length and width of pterostigma = 0.78, 0.23. Length and width of marginal cell = 1.56, 0.48.

MALE (Allotype)

Differs from female as follows:

Color: mandible, labrum and apical margin of clypeus yellow with ferruginous edges; supraclypeal area with bronze highlights; metasomal terga metallic green with yellowish highlights; pre­marginal band of T2 lacking; basitarsi, tibial spurs and strigilis light yellow; base of tibiae with yellow marking; mediotarsi, distitarsi and internal face of tibiae light brown; femora and trochanters brown with greenish highlights and green markings; S1–S3 light green with yellow highlights, apical margin light yellow; S4–S6 dark brown.

Pubescence: predominantly white; on frons, mesoscutum and scutellum yellowish; T2–T5 with few light yellow setae; on T4–T6 fuscous. Disc of labrum with some very short and erect hairs between and anterior to the two basal elevations; on scape moderately long and fine; inferiorly on paraocular area short, densely plumose and semidecumbent to decumbent; S4 and S5 with hair patches forming tufts ( Fig.2 c): S4 with two pairs of lateromedial tufts in which the lateral­most one is narrower than the medial and they have a concave aspect seen together; S5 with hairs forming a broad V­shaped tuft; on S6 moderately long, forming an apical fringe.

Sculpture: integument smooth and shiny except: outer interspace of mandible weakly microrugulose, almost smooth; metanotum irregularly reticulate, not reaching anterior margin, forming thus a narrow smooth band; metapostnotum reticulate, posterior microreticulate band lacking; upper corner of posterior surface of propodeum rugulose.

Punctures: on outer interspace of mandible moderately fine and moderately dense; on scutellum coarse and dense, intermixed with finer punctures; on metanotum and metapostnotum absent; on disc of T1 moderately fine and dense; on T2 finer and sparser; near apical margins of the metasomal terga very fine and sparse (two to three diameters apart).

Structure: epistomal sulcus forming slightly acute paraocular lobe (less protruded onto clypeus than in female); F11 not modified ( Fig.1 d); frontal line with small carina well­defined only on upper part of supraclypeal area (very weak to absent on frons); posterior surface of supraclypeal area abruptly declivous, angle formed with frons slightly greater than on female; six unevenly spaced hamuli on hind wing; S4 not emarginate and with two swollen lateral areas, apical margin projected medially; posterior margin of S5 slightly depressed; S7, S8 as shown in Fig.3 c and genitalia as in Fig.4 b.

Measurements (mm). Approximate length of body = 8.2, anterior wing = 7.1. Length and width of head = 2.17, 2.49. Maximum, inferior and superior distances between eyes = 1.70, 1.06, 1.33. IOC, OOC = 0.28, 0.37; MOD, LOD = 0.20, 0.19. Length and diameter of scape = 0.63, 0.21. Length of pedicel, F1, F2, F3 and F10 = 0.13, 0.15, 0.21, 0.20, 0.29. Diameter of F5 = 0.18. Length and width of mesoscutum = 1.60, 1.92. Length and width of prestigma = 0.28, 0.18. Length and width of pterostigma = 0.86, 0.23. Length and width of marginal cell = 1.39, 0.48.

Variation: The color of the metasoma varies from green with weak yellowish highlights to green with strong golden, orange and bronze highlights. The apical margin of the metasomal terga vary from dark brown to light brown, and can be very translucent. Three females from the state of Pará are slightly lighter than specimens from other states.

Etymology: The name flammula refers to the golden highlights observed in the metasoma of bees of this species.

Distribution in Brazil: central and northeastern Brazil (states of Acre, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Rondônia, and São Paulo).

Period of activity: every month of the year.

Holotype (female): “Brasilândia de Minas MG, BRASIL, 29/12/1998, V. Silva” “Abelhas– Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 2797 – 8209”. Type depository: UFMG.

Allotype (male): “ BRASIL, Est. Goiás, Parque Nac. das Emas, A.Raw, 05­05­1980 ” “ Pseudaugochloropsis sp.02?”(UFV).

Paratypes (listed by Brazilian state): Acre: “ BRASIL. Acre.; Rio Branco.; 09º58’S 67º48’W; 24/VII/ 2001; M.L. Oliveira leg” (1Ψ: UFMG); “ Brasil. Acre; Acrelândia; 10º04’S / 65º25’W ”, “ 02­04/XI/2001; Oliveira, Morato & Cunha leg.” (1Ψ: UFMG); Espírito Santo: “B.Guandú – ES, Brasil, 23­31.I.1970, Tadeu and C.Elias col.”, “Depto. Zool. UF–Paraná”, “ Pseudaugochloropsis ” (1Ψ: DZUP); Goiás: “Sta. Bárbara, Goiás Velho, 04­06­1979, coll. A.Raw”, “ Pseudaugochloropsis sp.1” (1Ψ: UFV); “Est. Goiás, P. Nacional das Emas, Sede, 13­4­1980 ”, “ Pseudaugochloropsis sp.2” (1Ψ: UFV); Mato Grosso: " BRAZIL: Barra do Tapirape, Mato Grosso, XII­28­ 1965 ­ I­15­1966" (1ɗ: AMNH); “DPTº ZOOL; UF­PARANÁ”, “Cáceres, MT; 27­III­1985; C.Elias leg.; POLONOROESTE” (1Ψ: DZUP); “DPTº ZOOL; UF­PARANÁ”, “Cáceres, MT; 3­ III­1985; C.ELIAS leg.; POLONOROESTE” (1Ψ: DZUP); “DPTº ZOOL; UF­PARANÁ”, “Chap. Guimarães­MT; 03­XII­1983; Exc.Dep.Zool.­UFPR; (Polonoroeste)” (1Ψ: DZUP); Mato Grosso do Sul: “Serra do Urucum, Corumbá, Mato Grosso, Brasil, 27­XI­1960, K.Lenko col.” (1Ψ: MZUSP); “DPTº ZOOL; UF­ PARANÁ”, “Dourados – MS; XII­1975; J.Lorenzoni col.” (1ɗ: DZUP); Minas Gerais: “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 23/03/1999, A.A.Azevedo”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 3125– 9135” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 26/05/1999, A.A.Azevedo”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 4117–11684” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 26/05/1999, A.A.Azevedo”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 4109–11669” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 29/06/1999, V.Silva”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 4752–13112” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 29/06/1999, V.Silva”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 4757–13120” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 30/09/1999, V.Silva”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 5864–16118” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 30/11/1999, A.A.Azevedo”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 5844–16041” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 30/11/1999, A.A.Azevedo”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 5831–16007” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 30/11/1999, A.A.Azevedo”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 5833–16009” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Brasilândia de Minas, MG, Brasil, 30/11/1999, V.Silva”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Brejão, 5869–16151” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Brasilândia, MG, Brasil, 21/10/1996, A.G.Damasceno”, “Projeto Abelhas de Brasilândia, D. alata, 09:00­ 10:00” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Brasilândia, MG, Brasil, 28/11/1996, A.G.Damasceno”, “Projeto Abelhas de Brasilândia, P. emarginatum , 13:00­14:00” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Brasilândia, MG, Brasil, 24/09/1996, A.G.Damasceno”, “Projeto Abelhas de Brasilândia, P. emarginatum , 11:00­12:00” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Brasilândia, MG, Brasil, 26/ 09/1996, A.G.Damasceno”, “Projeto Abelhas de Brasilândia, P. emarginatum , 17:00­18:00” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Felixlândia, MG, Brasil, 08/12/1998, A.A.Azevedo”, “Abelhas–Cerrado, Mannesmann, Fazenda Sta. Cruz, 2714 – 8071” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Uberlândia, MG, Nº 143, Estação Ecológica do Panga, Col. Stefan Knaus, data: 24/08/97; 10:45h”, “Nektarraub auf H108, Macroptilium glacilis (Poepp ex Benth) Urban, Cerrado ” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Uberlândia, MG, Nº 144, Estação Ecológica do Panga, Col. Stefan Knaus, data: 28/08/97; 10:49h”, “Nektarraub auf H108, Macroptilium glacilis (Poepp ex Benth) Urban, Cerrado ” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7881­23979”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 23/05/2002; A.A.Azevedo” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7931­24146”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 23/05/2002; R.B.Martines” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7931­ 24145”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 23/05/2002; R.B.Martines” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7914­24081”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 22/05/2002; R.B.Martines” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7860­23887”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRA­ SIL 22/05/2002; A.A.Azevedo” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7915­24093”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 22/05/2002; R.B.Martines” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7857­23876”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 22/05/2002; A.A.Azevedo” (1ɗ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7916­24098”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 22/05/2002; R.B.Martines” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7875­23935”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 23/05/2002; A.A.Azevedo” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7866­23913”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 22/05/2002; A.A.Azevedo” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7860­23888”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 22/05/2002; A.A.Azevedo” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 8387­25585”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 23/05/2002; B.A.Ribeiro” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 9315­27725”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 23/05/2002; R.B.Martines” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7403­21916”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 20/05/2001; A.A.Azevedo” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7624­22610”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 10/10/2001; R.Loyola” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Monitor. V&M; Vochysia rufa; Faz. Brejão; 7630­22637”, “Brasilândia de Minas MG; BRASIL 10/10/2001; R.Loyola” (1Ψ: UFMG); Pará: “Belém, Pará, Brasi;, X­1954, O.Rego”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (3Ψ: DZUP); " BRASIL: Val de Cans. Belém, Pará; Nov.20 ­21.1963"; "Oliveira & Wygodzinsky Coll." (1Ψ: AMNH); “Aurá BELÉM; Pará BRA­ SIL; 22­XI­1955; Michener e Moure” (2ɗ: DZUP); “Brasil­Pará, Belem; November 1985; (Damasceno)” (1Ψ: DZUP); “COLEÇÃO CAMPOS SEABRA”, “ GUAMÁ; Pará BRASIL; 8.V.1956; E. LOBATO” (2Ψ: DZUP); “COLEÇÃO CAMPOS SEABRA”, “BELEM; Para BRASIL; 20­XI­1955; Michener e Moure” (1Ψ: DZUP); Paraíba: “Mamanguape PB Brasil 25/06/1999 A.J.C.Aguiar”, “6137–17136 Res. Biol. Guaribas” (1Ψ: UFMG), “Mamanguape PB Brasil 22/08/1999 A.J.C.Aguiar”, “6141–17146 Res. Biol. Guaribas” (1Ψ: UFMG); Rondônia: “ Brasil, Rondônia; Guajará Mirim; Sa Pacaés Novos”, “ 10º48’S, 65º22’W; 12­14/X/ 2001; Oliveira, Morato & Cunha leg.” (1Ψ: UFMG); “ Brasil, Rondônia; Guajará Mirim; 10º48’S, 65º22’W ”, “ 12­14/X/2001; Oliveira, Morato & Cunha leg.” (1Ψ, 2ɗ: DZUP); “ Brasil, Rondônia; Guajará Mirim; 10º48’S, 65º22’W ”, “ 12­14/X/2001; Oliveira, Morato & Cunha leg.” (1Ψ, 3ɗ: UFMG); “Porto Velho–RO; Estrada Madeira­Mamoré – Brasil; Data: 26/II/2001; E.F.Morato leg.” (1ɗ: UFMG); São Paulo: “Ribeirão Preto, SP, BRASIL, SF–23; 48–21d”, “ 24­VII­1972, M.Mazucato leg.”, “A–593”, “T A 5” (1ɗ: CCRP); “Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, SF–23; 48–21d”, “ 28­VII­1972, M.Mazucato leg.”, “A–617”, “M B 41” (1Ψ: CCRP); “Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil; SF–23; 48–21d”, “ 16­VIII­1972, M.Mazucato leg.”, “A–1042”, “M C 28” (1Ψ: CCRP).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distal flagellomeres of male antenna: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. callaina Almeida, sp. n.; (c) P. erythrogaster Almeida, sp. n.; (d) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n.; (e) P. pandora (Smith 1853). Scale = 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 2. Ventral view of metasoma of male: (a) P. g r a m i n e a (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. callaina Almeida, sp. n.; (c) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n.; (d) P. pandora (Smith 1853). Pubescence, except tufts on S 4 and S 5, ommited. Scale = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Seventh and eighth metasomal sterna (S 7 and S 8) of male: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. callaina Almeida, sp. n.; (c) P. f l a m m u l a Almeida, sp. n.; (d) P. pandora (Smith 1853). Scale = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4. Genital capsule of male: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n.; (c) P. pandora (Smith 1853). Scale = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5. Integument of mesoscutum of female: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n. Scale = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Fronto­lateral view of head of female: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n. a. s. = antennal socket; m. o. = median ocellus. Scale = 1.0 mm.