Pseudaugochlora callaina, Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2008

Almeida, Eduardo A. B., 2008, Revision of the Brazilian Species of Pseudaugochlora Michener 1954 (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini), Zootaxa 1679, pp. 1-38 : 14-18

Pseudaugochlora callaina sp. n.

Diagnosis. This species is most similar to P. graminea , P. erythrogaster , P. indistincta , and P. simulata . The female can be distinguished from those of the other species by the broadly depressed clypeus ( Fig.8 a — in P. indistincta the clypeus is also depressed medially, Fig.8 b, but not as broadly as in P. c a l l a i n a; in the other three species the clypeus is flat or very weakly concave); the sparse punctures around distal third of metasomal line (generally dense in P. g r a m i n e a, P. erythrogaster , P. indistincta , and P. s i m u l a t a); the very fine and sparse punctures on the disc of T1, intermixed with fine and sparse punctures (in P. g r a m i n e a and P. indistincta the punctures are moderately coarse and dense). The male can be distinguished by the weakly hooked F11 (strongly hooked in P. graminea , P. erythrogaster , and P. simulata ), and by the hair apices on the stem of Y­shaped hair patch of S4 aimed at its midline ( Fig.2 b; unordered and forming a tangle in P. g r a m i n e a, P. erythrogaster , P. indistincta , and P. simulata — Fig.2 a).

Description. FEMALE (Holotype)

Color: bluish green with weak yellowish highlights, except: mandibles black, small basal area with discrete greenish highlights, apex, preapical area and mandibular condyle blackish ferruginous; labrum and apex of clypeus blackish brown; transverse line close to dark apical margin of clypeus with purple highlights; frons and microreticulate basal area of clypeus bluish; scape, pedicel, and flagellum dorsally black; ventral surface of flagellum blackish brown; mesoscutal bands purplish; tegula brown with proximal area green, posterior margin blackish; wings dusky; veins at anterior half of forewing dark brown, at posterior half of forewing, pterostigma and hind wing light brown; tarsal claws ferruginous; tarsi blackish; tibiae black with green areas on outer surface; femora and trochanters black with greenish highlights; tibial spurs and strigilis light yellow; terga predominantly dark blue with green highlights; apical margin of T1–T4 with broad black bands; T2–T4 with narrow sub­marginal blackish bands with bluish highlights; T5 around pseudopygidial area with lilac, purple and yellow highlights; metasomal sterna black with greenish highlights.

Pubescence: predominantly fuscous; on paraocular area, between ocelli and upon postocellar ridge black; on vertex light brown; on mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum light brown intermixed with darker hairs; on propodeum and anterior surface of T1 whitish; on T1–T4 short hairs white with few black long setae; on T5 blackish brown, lighter on apex of pseudopygidial area; on scopa, gena, mesosoma ventrally and metasomal sterna white. On condylar groove and interspace of mandible long, simple and erect, shorter apicad, on outer surface shorter and semidecumbent; on labrum apparently absent (although apical margin hidden by mandibles); on disc of clypeus moderately short, fine and semidecumbent, on apical margin long, simple and semierect; on paraocular area moderately long, densely plumose and semierect, intermixed with moderately long, fine and erect hairs; on frons long, plumose and semierect; on postocellar fringe moderately short, moderately plumose and semierect; on gena long, plumose and semidecumbent, shorter toward eye margin; on scape short, simple and semidecumbent, moderately long and moderately fine near base; on pedicel minute and semidecumbent, with a median ring of long apically directed setae; on flagellum minute and semidecumbent; on dorsal surface of pronotum short, moderately plumose and erect, on pronotal dorsal carina longer; on mesoscutum moderately long, plumose and semidecumbent to semierect; on scutellum long, plumose and semierect; on metanotum long, densely plumose and semierect to semierect; on metapostnotum absent; on posterior surface of propodeum moderately long, plumose and semierect; on wings denser apically; on anterior vertical surface of T1 short fine and erect; on disc of T1 moderately long, moderately plumose and semidecumbent, shorter near apical margin, intermixed with very short and semidecumbent hairs; on T2–T4 short, very fine to simple and semidecumbent, intermixed with very short and simple hairs; on T5 moderately short, moderately plumose and decumbent, intermixed with longer hairs; on metasomal sterna long and semidecumbent, shorter near apical margin.

Sculpture: integument smooth and shiny except: outer interspace of mandible longitudinally microrugulose except near base; basal area of labrum weakly microreticulate laterally; lateral area of clypeus microreticulate; anterior face of supraclypeal area weakly microrugulose; vertex behind ocelli irregularly microreticulate; scape microreticulate; dorsal ridge of pronotum irregularly microrugulose; mesoscutum microreticulate (as in Fig.5 a), anteriorly rough; metanotum irregularly reticulate; metapostnotum coarsely reticulate, posteriorly microreticulate inside reticulations; upper corner of posterior surface of propodeum microreticulate; basitibial plate microreticulate.

Punctures: on outer interspace of mandible fine and moderately sparse; on basal area of labrum absent; on clypeus coarse and dense, finer near lateral and posterior margins; on anterior face of supraclypeal area moderately coarse and moderately dense, on the remainder beveled, moderately coarse and dense; on frons moderately coarse and very dense, not differentiated on frontal line; on paraocular area beveled, moderately coarse and dense; anterior to median ocellus and laterally to lateral ocellus absent; on vertex behind ocelli (anterior face of postocellar ridge) protuberant, fine and moderately sparse; on vertex, between eye and lateral ocellus as on frons near median ocellus, protuberant, very fine and moderately sparse; on gena very fine and sparse, intermixed with coarser and sparser beveled punctures; on scape beveled fine and very sparse; on F1 beveled and very fine, on F2 beveled, moderately fine and sparse, on F3–F10 beveled fine and dense; on dorsal ridge of pronotum protuberant, very fine and sparse; on disc of mesoscutum moderately coarse and very dense, intermixed with few coarser punctures, between and upon mesoscutal bands sparser, around distal third of mesoscutal line moderately dense; on scutellum fine and dense intermixed with coarser and sparser punctures; on metanotum moderately fine and sparse; on metapostnotum absent; on posterior surface of propodeum beveled, moderately coarse and moderately dense; on anterior vertical surface of T1 minute and very sparse, on disc of T1 very fine and sparse, intermixed with moderately fine and sparse punctures, on apical margin absent; on T2–T4 denser than on T1.

Structure: disc of clypeus broadly depressed; epistomal sulcus forming approximately orthogonal angle; frontal carina well marked; angle of frontal line between supraclypeal and frontal areas gently declivous (approximately 140, as in Fig.6 a); eight unevenly spaced hamuli on hind wing; inner hind tibial spur with 6 teeth; basal area of basitibial plate slightly elevated.

Measurements (mm). Approximate length of body = 9.9, anterior wing = 7.9. Length and width of head = 2.25, 2.69. Maximum, inferior and superior distances between eyes = 1.92, 1.52, 1.39. IOC, OOC = 0.25, 0.42; MOD, LOD = 0.18, 0.15. Length and diameter of scape = 1.07, 0.17. Length of pedicel, F1, F2, F3 and F10 = 0.17, 0.18, 0.20, 0.19, 0.34. Diameter of F5 = 0.18. Length and width of mesoscutum = 1.68, 1.94. Length and width of prestigma = 0.29; 0.20. Length and width of pterostigma = 0.88, 0.26. Length and width of marginal cell = 1.56, 0.51.

MALE (Allotype)

Differs from female as follows:

Color: metallic green with yellowish and bluish highlights; labrum and apical margin of clypeus yellow with dark ferruginous edges; ventral surface of antenna and mandible brown; tibial spurs and strigilis light yellow; external face of legs except tarsi brown with green highlights, hind tarsus without highlights; antenna dorsally, fore and mid tarsi dark brown; internal surface of legs brown; apical margin of T1–T5 semi­translucent black; S2 and S3 brown with green lateral spots not reaching apical margin; S4–S6 dark brown; post­anal filaments pale light yellow.

Pubescence: on posterior surface of propodeum, anterior vertical surface of T1 and short hairs of metasomal terga white; on clypeus, anterior face of supraclypeal area, vertex, scutellum and mesoscutum blackish intermixed with few light yellow hairs; on metasomal terga long setae black with yellow apices; on remainder of supraclypeal area, most of paraocular area and frons light yellow; on inferior portion of paraocular area white. On basal area of labrum very fine, short and erect between and anterior to the two basal protuberances; on scape and frons longer than on female; on S4 and S5 with hair patches forming tufts: S4 with a Y­shaped hair patch, hair apices on the stem of this patch ordered — aimed at its midline ( Fig.2 b), S5 with two lateromedial tufts ( Fig.2 a); on S6 moderately long, forming an apical fringe.

Sculpture: integument smooth and shiny except: outer interspace of mandible weakly microrugulose, almost smooth; clypeus microreticulate; on vertex rough; on scutellum coarse and irregularly reticulate (reticulum reaching anterior margin); on metanotum irregularly rugulose; upper corner of the posterior surface of propodeum deeply microreticulate.

Punctures: on outer interspace of mandible absent; on supraclypeal area not beveled, moderately fine and very dense (as on frons); on vertex close to eye very fine and sparse (more than three diameters apart); on disc of mesoscutum moderately coarse and dense, sparser in areas near parapsidal lines; on scutellum moderately coarse and moderately dense, intermixed with very fine and sparse punctures, moderately fine and dense on median transverse line; on scutellum fine and moderately sparse; on T1–T3 moderately coarse and dense, finer and sparser apicad, apical margin impunctate.

Structure: epistomal sulcus forming approximately orthogonal angle (more rounded than in female); F11 hooked as in Fig.1 b; frontal carina weak and well­defined only on upper part of supraclypeal area; clypeus strongly convex; angle of the frontal line between supraclypeal and frontal areas gently declivous (approximately 140, as in Fig.6 a); margin of S4 emarginate, posterior marginal area of S4 and S5 depressed; seven unevenly spaced hamuli on hind wing; S7, S8 as in Fig.3 b; genitalia structurally similar to those of P. graminea ( Fig.4 a).

Measurements (mm). Approximate length of body = 10.0, anterior wing = 8.2. Length and width of head = 2.38, 2.60. Maximum, inferior and superior distances between eyes = 1.70, 1.06, 1.28. IOC, OOC = 0.26, 0.31; MOD, LOD = 0.16, 0.17. Length and diameter of scape = 0.73, 0.20. Length of pedicel, F1, F2, F3 and F10 = 0.15, 0.15, 0.30, 0.30, 0.36. Diameter of F5 = 0.22. Length and width of mesoscutum = 1.65, 1.96. Length and width of prestigma = 0.33, 0.19. Length and width of pterostigma = 0.86, 0.25. Length and width of marginal cell = 1.65, 0.53.

Variation: In general, punctures on the disc of T1 are very fine intermixed with distinctly coarser punctures ( Figs.7 d,e); in some females punctures can be coarser and denser ( Fig.7 f). The clypeus of the female is more broadly and deeply depressed than in any other Brazilian species of Pseudaugochlora but its depth and width are somewhat variable among individuals. The wings of females vary from lightly to strongly dusky. The anterior face of the supraclypeal area in females may be smooth. Some females from Barueri, Cajuru, Campinas (São Paulo), and Viçosa (Minas Gerais) are black with bluish and purple highlights; one male from Viçosa and one female from Corumbataí (São Paulo) are dark blue with purple highlights. The apical margins of the metasomal terga of male may be dark brown.

Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the latin word “ callainus ”, which means bluish­green and refers to the color of the body (especially on metasoma).

Distribution in Brazil: central and southern Brazil (states of Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo).

Period of activity: every month of the year.

Holotype (female): “Belo Horizonte MG BRASIL 30/07/1996 R.M.Carmo”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Mus. Hist. Nat., 0406­1038”. Type depository: UFMG.

Allotype (male): “Est.Silvestre, Distrito Federal, BRASIL (= Rio de Janeiro, RJ), 25/II /953, C.A.C.Seabra”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” ( DZUP).

Paratypes (listed by Brazilian state):

Distrito Federal: “ Brasília, Escola Agrícola, 19­6­1977, coll. A.Raw”, “ Pseudaugochloropsis sp.4” (1Ψ: UFV); Espírito Santo: “Colatina, ES, Brasil, 25­IV­64, C.Elias, Leg.” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Dom. Martins ­ ES, Brasil, 19/04/89, F.A. da Silveira”, “721/1925” (1Ψ: UFV); “Parque Sooretama, LINHARES, Esp. Santo, BRA­ SIL, V­1953, P.A.Teles Col.”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (6f: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES, BRASIL, 27/8/ 1967, C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (3Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 11/10/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 27/9/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 08/11/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (2Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 27/8/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 23/12/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 4/9/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 22/11/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (4Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 8/11/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 25/10/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 27/8/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES; BRASIL 23/XII/ 1967; C.T. and C.Elias lg”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1ɗ: DZUP); “Santa Tereza – ES, Brasil, 22/V/ 1967, C.Elias leg” (1Ψ: DZUP); Minas Gerais: “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 25/06/1996, R.M.Carmo”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Mus.Hist.Nat., 0358–0940” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 18/07/1996, R.M.Carmo”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Mus.Hist.Nat., 0382–1002” 1 (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 11/07/1996, R.M.Carmo”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Mus.Hist.Nat., 0371–0974” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 11/07/1996, R.M.Carmo”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Mus.Hist.Nat., 0370–0971” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 11/07/1996, R.M.Carmo”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Mus.Hist.Nat., 0369–0968” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 11/07/1996, R.M.Carmo”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Mus.Hist.Nat., 0378–0990” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 30/04/1997, R.M.Carmo”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Mus.Hist.Nat., 1330–3400” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 13/10/1998, J.C.Moreira”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Copasa/Barreiro, 2934–8675” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 27/05/ 1999, G.Sousa”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Copasa/Barreiro, 5702–15559” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 06/05/1999, G.Sousa”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Pq. Mangabeiras, 5669– 15499” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, 26/09/1995, F.A. Silveira”, “Abelhas da Zona Metalúrgica MG, Est.Ecológica, 0016–0049” (1Ψ: UFMG); “Viçosa, MG, 01/12/1985, G.A.de Melo”, “982­1­55” (1Ψ: UFV); “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, Viçosa, M. do Paraíso, 5.i.1995, G.A.R.Melo” (2Ψ: DZUP); “Viçosa, MG, Brasil, 01/12/89, M.Thiengo”, “ Mata do Paraíso, Área 8, Pta.1, Horário: 14:15” (1ɗ: UFV); “Viçosa – MG, Brasil, 11/10/87, G.A.R.Melo”, “1065.163” (1ɗ: UFV); “Viçosa, MG, Brasil, 14/12/85, G.A.R.Melo”, “1082.1.64” (1ɗ: UFV); “Viçosa, MG, 01/12/1985, G.A. de Melo”, “982­1­55”, “ Pseudaugochloropsis graminea ” (1ɗ: UFV); “Local: Viçosa, Data 23/08/86, Col. G. Melo”, “ Pseudaugochloropsis sp.” (1ɗ: UFV); Paraná: “Pto. Britamia, Paraná, Br, 9­XI­1910 ”, “ Augochlora nigromarginata (Spinol.) , C. Schrottky det. 1911”, “ 17.6.29 ”, “100.416” (1ɗ: MZUSP); “Pto. Guayra, Paraná, Br, 31­X­1910 ”, “ Augochlora nigromarginata (Spinol.) , C. Schrottky det. 1910” 17 – 629”, “100.415” (1Ψ: MZUSP); “S. João Petrópolis – PR – Brasil, 06­12/6/67, C.T. and C.Elias”, “Depto Zoologia, UF–Paraná” (1Ψ: DZUP); " BRAZIL; Caviuna, Parana; April 1947 "; "A. Maller, Coll.; Frank Johnson; Donor" (1Ψ: AMNH); Rio de Janeiro: “Alto da Bôa Vista, Tijuca, (D.F.), I­1951, C.A.C.Seabra col.” (1ɗ: MZUSP); “Floresta da Tijuca, Distrito Federal, Brasil, II­954, C.A.C.Seabra Col.”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (2Ψ: DZUP); “Gávea Pequena, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 1­III­ 953, C.A.C.Seabra Col.”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (6f: DZUP); “Gávea Pequena, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 16­III­ 955, C.A.C.Seabra Col.”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Gávea Pequena, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 25­III­ 955, C.A.C.Seabra Col.”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Gávea Pequena, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 1­III­ 955, C.A.C.Seabra Col.”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (2Ψ: DZUP); “Est.Silvestre, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 08/III /953, C.A.C.Seabra”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Est.Silvestre, Distrito Federal, Brasil, 25/II /953, C.A.C.Seabra”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (1ɗ: DZUP); “Estr. Sumaré, Distrito Federal, Brasil, IV­1954, C.A.C.Seabra Col.”, “Coleção Campos Seabra” (1Ψ: DZUP); “Itatiaya, 700m, E. do Rio, 5­951, W.Zikan”, “IEEA” (1Ψ: DZUP); “S. Antônio Imbé, S. M. Madalena. E. Rio, Brasil, VII­1960, M.Alvarenga leg.” (1Ψ: DZUP); "COLEÇÃO CAMPOS SEABRA"; "Gavea Pequena; Distrito Federal BRASIL; 1­III­1953; C. A. Seabra, Col." (2Ψ: KUNHM); São Paulo: “Barueri, São Paulo, Brasil, 9­ VII­1966, K.Lenko col.” (2Ψ: MZUSP); “Barueri, São Paulo, Brasil, 2­I­1966, K.Lenko col.” (1Ψ: MZUSP); “Barueri, São Paulo, Brasil, 17­III­1962, K.Lenko col.” (1Ψ: MZUSP); “Campinas, SP, Mata da Faz. Sta. Genebra, 30/03/1989 ”, “ Pseudaugochlora prov.sp.n. aff. Sordicus ( Vachal, 1904) Det. Camargo, 1990” (1Ψ: CCRP); “Corumbataí – SP, Brasil, 08/03/1983, M.J.O.Campos”, “COR 8.03.83, P*67, 10.25h CL”, “ Pseudaugochloropsis cf. pandora (Smith) Det. Camargo 1988 , Det. Camargo” (1Ψ: CCRP); “Faz. Sta. Carlota – SP – BRASIL, hs 12­14, 03/XI/1988, M.Mazucato leg, FL 91962”, “Cerrado – 0 120 Solanum paniculatum, Solanacea ”, “ Pseudaugochloropsis graminea ( Fabricius, 1804) Det. Camargo, 1983 ” (1Ψ: CCRP); “E. de S. Paulo, Juquiá, Faz. Poço Grande, 27.VI.1948, F.Lane col.” (1Ψ: MZUSP); “ Brasil: SP: São Sebastião, praia Brava, 30xii1989, M.G.Oliveira”, “morto a beira mar” (1Ψ: MZUSP).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distal flagellomeres of male antenna: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. callaina Almeida, sp. n.; (c) P. erythrogaster Almeida, sp. n.; (d) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n.; (e) P. pandora (Smith 1853). Scale = 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 2. Ventral view of metasoma of male: (a) P. g r a m i n e a (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. callaina Almeida, sp. n.; (c) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n.; (d) P. pandora (Smith 1853). Pubescence, except tufts on S 4 and S 5, ommited. Scale = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Seventh and eighth metasomal sterna (S 7 and S 8) of male: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. callaina Almeida, sp. n.; (c) P. f l a m m u l a Almeida, sp. n.; (d) P. pandora (Smith 1853). Scale = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4. Genital capsule of male: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n.; (c) P. pandora (Smith 1853). Scale = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5. Integument of mesoscutum of female: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n. Scale = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Fronto­lateral view of head of female: (a) P. graminea (Fabricius 1804); (b) P. flammula Almeida, sp. n. a. s. = antennal socket; m. o. = median ocellus. Scale = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 7. Six punctation patterns (a – f) observed on disc of T 1 of females of Pseudaugochlora spp.

FIGURE 8. Frontal view of head of female Pseudaugochlora spp. showing depressed area of clypeus (a) P. callaina Almeida, sp. n.; (b) P. i n d i s t i n c t a Almeida, sp. n. Scale = 1 mm.