Enicospilus acutus Shimizu, 2020

Shimizu, So, Broad, Gavin R. & Maeto, Kaoru, 2020, Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan, ZooKeys 990, pp. 1-144 : 1

Enicospilus acutus Shimizu sp. nov. Figure 11

Etymology.

The specific name is derived from the characteristic longitudinal acute ridge of the mandibular outer margin.

Type series.

Total of 87 specimens (66♀♀20♂♂ and 1 unsexed): Japan (65♀♀20♂♂ and 1 unsexed), Taiwan (1♀).

HT: ♀, Ōkuni-rindô (26°43'38.7"N, 128°12'34.4"E, 265 m alt.), Okuma, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 30.VI-1.VII.2016, S. Shimizu et al. leg. (LT) (MNHA).

PT: 1♀, Kisokoma-kôgen, Kiso County, Nagano Pref., Kantô-Kôshin, JAPAN, 10.VII.1982, Y. Yoshida & S. Yoshimatsu leg. (LT) (NIAES); 4♀♀ and 1 unsexed, Kanaya, Shizuoka Pref., Tôkai, JAPAN, 14.VII.1947 (1♀), 5.VIII.1947 (1♀), 13.VIII.1947 (1♀), 25.IX.1955 (1♀), 30.IX.1955 (1 unsexed), J. Minamikawa leg. (NIAES-JMC); 1♀1♂, Mt. Iwamuro, E. Izu, Shizuoka Pref., Tôkai, JAPAN, 11.X.1966, T. Maenami leg. (NIAES); 4♀♀, Hachikita-kôgen (35°24'2"N, 134°32'5"E, 750 m alt.), Ōsasa, Muraoka, Kami City, Mikata County, Hyôgo Pref., Kinki, JAPAN, 6-7.VIII.2018, K. Sakagami leg. (LT) (2♀♀, NSMT, SEN17-DDBJ-LC484182; 2♀♀, NIAES, SEN16-DDBJ-LC484181); 4♀♀1♂, Kotochi (34.119 136.040, 850 m alt.), Kamikitayama Vil., Nara Pref., Kinki, JAPAN, 16-17.VII.2017, S. Fujie leg. (2♀♀, OMNH; 2♀♀1♂, MNHA); 1♀, Komatsu, Kitayama Vil., Wakayama Pref., Kinki, JAPAN, 12.VIII.2009, Ichikawa leg. (KPMNH); 3♀♀, Mt. Tsurugi-yama (33°51'50.8"N, 134°04'42.4"E, 1,250 m alt.), Higashiyasugeoi, Miyoshi City, Tokushima Pref., Shikoku, JAPAN, 22.VIII.2015, Y. Kitayama leg. (LT) (2♀♀, NIAES; 1♀, SEHU); 1♀, Rainbow Highland, Sugasawa, Matsuyama City, Ehime Pref., Shikoku, JAPAN, 27.VII.2014, R. Okano leg. (LT) (EUM, SEN78-DDBJ-LC484183); 1♀1♂, Tengu-kôgen (33°28'38.7"N, 133°0'19.3"E, 1,360 m alt.), Yoshiunotsu, Tsuno Town, Takaoka County, Kôchi, Shikoku, JAPAN, 10.IX.2016, D. Funamoto leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀, Tengu-kôgen, Yoshiunotsu, Tsuno Town, Takaoka County, Kôchi Pref., Shikoku, JAPAN, 13.VIII.2015, Y. Nakatani leg. (EUM); 1♀, Tengu-kôgen, Kôchi, Shikoku, JAPAN, 11.VIII.1998, I. Yamashita leg. (LT) (NIAES); 5♂♂, Mt. Eboshi, Haruno, Kôchi, Shikoku, JAPAN, 10.VII.1991 (1♂), 11.VII.1991 (4♂♂), I. Yamashita leg. (NIAES); 6♀♀, Teragawa, Hongawa Vil., Kôchi Pref., Shikoku, JAPAN, 22.VII.1989 (1♀), 11.IX.1989 (1♀), 25.VII.1991 (3♀♀), 18.VII.1993 (1♀), I. Yamashita leg. (NIAES); 1♀, Jigokudani, Kôchi City, Kôchi Pref., Shikoku, JAPAN, 11.VIII.1992, I. Yamashita leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀1♂, Mt. Hikosan, Fukuoka Pref, Kyûshû, JAPAN, 29.VIII.1983, K. Ōhara leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀1♂, Mt. Hiko-san, Fukuoka Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 22.IX.1983 (1♀), 20-21.X.1983 (1♂), M.T. Chûjô leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀1♂, Mt. Hikosan, Fukuoka Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 5.VII.1983 (1♂), 6.VII.1983 (1♀), R. Noda leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♂, Hiko-san, Fukuoka Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 1.VIII.1953, S. Kimoto leg. (MNHA-SMCM); 1♀, Hiko-san, Fukuoka Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 5.VIII.1955 (MNHA-SMCM); 1♀, Mt. Hiko-san, Fukuoka Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 18-25.VIII.1989, K. Takeno & M. Sharkey leg. (EMUS); 1♀, Nokonoshima, Fukuoka Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 12.IX.1983, K. Konishi leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀, Fukuoka Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 30.VIII.1983, K. Ōhara leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀, Mt. Shiratori, Izumi Vil., Kumamoto Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 6.VII.1991, R. Noda leg. (NIAES); 1♀, Shiiya pass (1,400 m alt.), Kumamoto Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 15.VI.1985, K. Konishi et al. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀, Mt. Kurodake, Mts. Kujû, Ōita Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 3.X.1983, N. Kôda & R. Noda leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀, Mt. Kurodake, Mts. Kujû, Ōita Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 15.IX.1985, K. Konishi leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♂, Mt. Hoyoshi-dake, Kouyama Town, Kagoshima Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 12-14.VII.1991, R. Noda leg. (LT) (NIAES); 3♀♀, Anbô-rindô (350 m alt.), Yakushima, Kagoshima Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 22.VII.1982, K. Konishi & S. Yoshimatsu leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♂, Shiratani-unsuikyô, Yakushima, Kagoshima Pref., Kyûshû, JAPAN, 25.VII.1982, K. Konishi & S. Yoshimatsu leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀, Chûô-rindô, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 19.IX.1993, M. Yoshida leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀, Mt. Yui-dake, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 14.X.2004, H. Makihara leg. (MsT) (KPMNH); 1♀, Kamiya, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 30.VI.1992, R. Noda leg. (NIAES); 1♀, Higashinakama, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 13.V.1983, S. Yoshimatsu & S. Nomura leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♀, Mt. Yuidake, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 1.IX.1983, R. Noda & K. Hirano leg. (LT) (NIAES); 1♂, Hiji agricultural road (26°43'16.8"N, 128°10'43.4"E, 85 m alt.), Hiji, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 3-4.VII.2016, S. Shimizu et al. (LT) (NIAES); 2♀♀, Ōkuni-rindô (26°43'38.7"N, 128°12'34.4"E, 265 m alt.), Okuma, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 30.VI-1.VII.2016, S. Shimizu et al. (LT) (SEHU); 1♀, Ōkuni bridge (26.704179 128.197087, 200 m alt.), Ōkuni-rindô, Hama, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 6.IV.2019, S. Shimizu leg. (LT) (TARI); 1♀2♂♂, Oku-nigô-rindô (26.815735 128.297288, 200 m alt.), Sosu, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 7.V.2019, S. Shimizu & T. Tokuhira leg. (LT) (1♀1♂, EMUS; 1♂, CNC); 9♀♀, Ōkuni bridge (26.704179 128.197087, 200 m alt.), Ōkuni-rindô, Hama, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 29-30.III.2019, S. Shimizu leg. (LT) (2♀♀, NSMT; 5♀♀, KPMNH; 2♀♀, NIAES); 1♀, Okuyona-rindô (26.783608 128.282954, 240 m alt.), Ada, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 7.IV.2019, S. Shimizu leg. (LT) (NIAES); 2♀♀1♂, Sate (26.774333 128.234803, 230 m alt.), Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 5-6.V.2019, S. Shimizu et al. (LT) (1♀1♂, MNHA; 1♀, NHMUK); 1♂, Janagusuku-rindô (26.688693 128.172478, 200 m alt.), Janagusuku, Ōgimi Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 8.V.2019, S. Shimizu et al. (LT) (CNC); 1♂, Hama-ichigô-rindô (26.708926 128.181583, 200 m alt.), Hama, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County, Okinawa-hontô, Okinawa Pref., Ryûkyûs, JAPAN, 7.V.2019, S. Shimizu & T. Tokuhira leg. (LT) (NHMUK); 1♀, Pingtung County (22°25'3"N, 120°43'16"E, 920 m alt.), Chunri Township, TAIWAN, 3.X.2015, S. Shimizu & M. Ito leg. (LT) (TARI, SEN130-DDBJ-LC484184).

Distribution.

Eastern Palaearctic and Oriental regions.

JAPAN: [ Kantô-Kôshin] Nagano; [ Tôkai] Shizuoka; [Kinki] Hyôgo, Nara, and Wakayama; [Shikoku] Tokushima, Ehime, and Kôchi; [ Kyûshû] Fukuoka, Ōita, Kumamoto, and Kagoshima; [ Ryûkyûs] Kagoshima and Okinawa. This is a rather common species in western and southern Japan.

Bionomics.

Unknown.

Differential diagnosis.

This species resembles E. maai in colour pattern but can be readily distinguished by the following characters: mandible strongly twisted ca. 85° so that outer margin forming acute median longitudinal ridge between near centro-proximal part of mandible and base of mandibular apical teeth (Fig. 11B, D ) (mandible more or less weakly twisted less than 35° so that outer mandibular surface without any ridge or groove in E. maai ); fore wing with AI more than 1.0 (Fig. 11F ) (AI less than 0.7 in E. maai ); fore wing fenestra with strongly pigmented central sclerite (Fig. 11F ) (central sclerite absent in E. maai ); and mesopleuron closely striate to punctostriate (Fig. 11E ) (mesopleuron coarsely striate in E. maai ). This species is uniquely distinctive and easily distinguishable within the Japanese Enicospilus on account of the mandibular morphology and colour pattern.

Description.

Female (n = 66). Body length 23.5-26.0 (HT: ca. 24.0) mm.

Head with GOI = 2.7-3.3 (HT: 2.8) (Fig. 11D ). Lower face 0.7 × as wide as high, strongly shiny, finely longitudinally striate centrally, and finely punctate with setae laterally (Fig. 11B ). Clypeus 1.5-1.7 × (HT: 1.5) as wide as high, sparsely finely punctate with setae, weakly convex in profile, and ventral margin acute (Fig. 11B, D ). Malar space 0.4-0.5 × (HT: 0.4) as long as basal mandibular width (Fig. 11B, D ). Mandible strongly twisted by 80-85° (HT: ca. 85°), moderately long, evenly narrowed, outer surface without diagonal setose groove but with longitudinal acute ridge between near centroproximal part of mandible and base of mandibular teeth (Fig. 11B, D ). Mandible teeth equal length, but upper tooth stouter than lower (Fig. 11B ). Frons, vertex and gena strongly shiny with fine setae (Fig. 11B-D ). Posterior ocellus close to eye (Fig. 11B-D ). Ventral end of occipital carina not joining oral carina. Antenna with 54-60 (HT: 56) flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.6-1.9 × (HT: 1.6) as long as second; 20th flagellomere 1.8-2.0 × (HT: 1.8) as long as wide.

Mesosoma entirely weakly to moderately shiny with setae (Fig. 11E ). Pronotum finely punctate or diagonally wrinkled (Fig. 11E ). Mesoscutum 1.4-1.5 × (HT: 1.4) as long as maximum width, rather strongly shiny and finely punctate to smooth with setae, and evenly rounded in profile (Fig. 11E ). Notauli absent (Fig. 11E ). Scutellum moderately convex, smooth with some irregular rugae, with lateral longitudinal carinae along entire length of scutellum. Epicnemium densely punctate with setae. Epicnemial carina strong, straight or very slightly curved, inclined to anterior, dorsal end not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron (Fig. 11E ). Mesopleuron entirely longitudinally striate to punctostriate (Fig. 11E ). Submetapleural carina broadened anteriorly (Fig. 11E ). Metapleuron coarsely rugose (Fig. 11E ). Propodeum evenly rounded in profile; anterior transverse carina complete centrally and not joining pleural carina laterally; anterior area longitudinally striate; spiracular area smooth; posterior area rather coarsely rugose; propodeal spiracle elliptical and joining pleural carina by ridge (Fig. 11E ).

Wings (Fig. 11F ). Fore wing length 16.5-18.0 (HT: 16.5) mm with AI = 1.0-1.4 (HT: 1.4), CI = 0.4, DI = 0.3, ICI = 0.5, SDI = 1.3-1.4 (HT: 1.4), SI = 0.1-0.2 (HT: 0.1), SRI = 0.3; vein 1m-cu&M sinuate; vein 2r&RS slightly sinuate; vein RS rather evenly curved; fenestra and sclerites of discosubmarginal cell as in Fig. 11F ; proximal sclerite triangular, not confluent with distal sclerite, strongly pigmented; central sclerite suboval, pigmented, positioned in centrodistal part of fenestra; distal sclerite pigmented; proximal corner of marginal cell evenly setose; posterodistal corner of second discal cell 90-100° (HT: ca. 100°) and of subbasal cell 80-85° (HT: ca. 80°); vein 1cu-a antefurcal to M&RS by 0.1-0.2 × (HT: 0.2) length of 1cu-a. Hind wing with NI = 2.9-3.5 (HT: 2.9); vein RS straight; vein RA with 7-9 (HT: 8) uniform hamuli.

Legs. Hind legs with coxa in profile 1.7-1.8 × (HT: 1.8) as long as deep; basitarsus 1.9-2.0 × (HT: 2.0) as long as second tarsomere; fourth tarsomere 3.3-3.5 × (HT: 3.5) as long as wide; tarsal claw simply pectinate.

Metasoma with DMI = 1.2-1.3 (HT: 1.3), PI = 3.3-3.5 (HT: 3.3), THI = 3.0-3.4 (HT: 3.3); thyridium oval; ovipositor sheath not longer than posterior depth of metasoma.

Colour (Fig. 11 ). Entirely light to rather dark brown except for apex of mandible, posterior part of mesoscutum, and central part of frons infuscate. Wings moderately infuscate; sclerites pigmented and amber; veins dark reddish brown.

Male (n = 20). Very similar to female.

Figures

Figure 11. Enicospilus acutus Shimizu, sp. nov. ♀ from Japan (PT) A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing.