Scopimera globosa De Haan, 1835

Wong, Kingsley J. H., Chan, Benny K. K. & Shih, Hsi-Te, 2010, Taxonomy of the sand bubbler crabs Scopimera globosa De Haan, 1835, and S. tuberculata Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dotillidae) in East Asia, with description of a new species from the Ryukyus, Japan, Zootaxa 2345, pp. 43-59 : 45-46

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.205328
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618516
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scientific name	Scopimera globosa De Haan, 1835
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Scopimera globosa De Haan, 1835 View in CoL

( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 a, b, 2a, b, View FIGURE 2 3a–c View FIGURE 3 , 4a, b, View FIGURE 4 6 View FIGURE 6 )

Ocypode (Scopimera) globosa De Haan 1835: 53 , pl. 11 (3, 3a, 3b), pl. C.

Scopimera globosa View in CoL — H. Milne Edwards 1852: 153. – Ortmann 1894: 747. – Koebel 1897: 713. – Parisi 1918: 97, fig. 2. – Tesch 1918: 46, pl. 3(3). – Kemp 1919: 312, pl. 12(2). – Yokoya 1928: 779. – Shen 1932: 253, pl. 10(5), text-figs. 155, 157. – Sakai 1934: 320; 1935: 214, pl. 59(4); 1939: 636, pl. 72(4); 1965: 191, pl. 91(1); 1976: 621, pl. 212(2); 1982: 714 (in part). – Kamita 1941: 175, text-fig. 96. – Nishimura & Suzuki 1971: 121, pl. 44(9). – Kim 1973: 641. – Takeda 1975: 144, 243 (in part); 1982: 212; 1994: 260. – Miyake 1983: 168 (in part). – Dai & Yang 1991: 496, fig. 253(2), pl. 63(5) (in part). – Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 506, fig. 195. – Minemizu 2000: 309. – Ng et al. 2008: 235 (in part).

Scopimera tuberculata Stimpson 1858: 98 View in CoL ; 1907: 102.

Material examined. Lectotype and paratype: 2 males ( RMNH 282), Japan, 1823–1829, coll. Ph. F. von Siebold.

Additional material. Japan: 7 females (NSMT-Cr-3729), Usu Bay, Hokkaido, 27 Jul. 1934, coll. M. Iwasa; 2 males, 2 females (NSMT-Cr-3739), Funabashi, Chiba, 17 Apr. 1957; 3 males (NSMT-Cr-3741), Moiwa, Sopporo; 1 male (NSMT-Cr-6504), Tokyo Bay, 7 Mar. 1977, coll. M. Suzuki; 2 males, 2 females (NSMT-Cr-6797), Ena Bay, Kanagawa, 15 Jun. 1980, coll. M. Takeda; 5 females (CBM-ZC-7979), Usu Bay, Hokkaido, 18 Aug. 2004, coll. T. Komai; 10 males, 2 females (CEL-CRU-2008-02), Wakayama, 7 Aug. 2008, coll. B. K. K. Chan.

Diagnosis. External maxillipeds merus slightly shorter than or subequal to ischium; external orbital angle blunt, crests behind external orbital angles diverging posteriorly ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 a, 6); cheliped length more than twice of carapace length in mature males, carpus elongated; tooth on inner margin of movable finger triangular ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 a); male sixth abdominal somite approximately as broad as long ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 b); G1 slender, tip rounded, with inward radiating setae of similar length ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 a, b, c).

Description. Carapace inflated, slightly broader than long, regions indistinct, surface covered by rounded tubercles, being densest on branchial regions, smooth on cardiac and intestinal regions; posterior margin longer than width between both external orbital angles ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 a, 6); suborbital ridge lined with at least 20 equal-sized small rounded granules ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 b); external orbital angle obtuse, directing slightly anterior, leaving single notch along lateral border, followed by longitudinal crest extending two-thirds of carapace length ( Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 a, 6). Pterygostomian regions covered with rounded granules ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 b). External maxillipeds convex, outer surface covered with rounded tubercles, merus slightly smaller than ischium, suture between them oblique, dactylus of palp just reaching suture. Ventral surface devoid of setae except short dense tufts of light-colored soft setae between bases of first and second ambulatory legs.

Entire cheliped covered with fine granules, total length about twice of carapace length in adult males, merus with single longitudinal ovate tympana on inner surface; carpus longitudinally ovate, slightly shorter than merus in adult males; palm as long as merus and fingers; tips of both fingers tapered to sharp points, inner margins of both weakly serrated, movable finger with faint triangular tooth on inner margin ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 a). Ambulatory legs relatively elongated, slender, first and second legs longest, subequal to each other; fourth leg shortest; merus laterally compressed, tympana entire, occupying most of segment; dactylus tapered to sharp tip, slightly longer than propodus; fourth dactylus curved slightly upwards. Posterior border of merus, carpus, propodus of ambulatory legs lined sparsely with long stiff dark-colored setae.

Male abdomen elongated, telson distally rounded, sixth somite as long as broad, lateral borders of fifth conspicuously concave on proximal half, proximal margin much narrower; fourth somite broad, distal margin very convex ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 b). G1 slender, curved dorsally, distal end rounded with inward-dorsal radiating brush of longer setae of approximately same length, and a row of short setae around the opening on the inner surface ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 a–c).

Coloration. Grayish carapace, merus of external maxillipeds dark or with random blotches, chelipeds gray with pale palm and fingers, ambulatory legs banded dark and light gray ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 a, b) (also see Miyake 1983: Pl. 56(8); Minemizu 2000: 309).

Distribution. Japan (type locality), Korea ( Kamita 1941; Kim 1973) and North China ( Shen 1932).

Remarks. Scopimera globosa is a common species on muddy and sandy shores in Honshu, Japan ( Sakai 1939, 1976). Sketch of G1 of S. globosa De Haan, 1835 lectotype matches the present material collected from Honshu, Japan. However, of the over 300 Scopimera specimens collected and observed from more than four localities from Hong Kong (in South China) and more than six localities from Taiwan, no S. globosa was found. Shen (1940) reported S. globosa from Tsuen Wan, Wong Chuk Hang, and Tai Po in Hong Kong, but the first two sites are today already heavily urbanized and almost devoid of any natural coasts. Morton & Morton (1983: 185) stated “ Scopimera globosa is as common at Tai Tam as S. intermedia is at Shiu Hau…”. The second author visited both Tai Po and Tai Tam, and specimens from Tai Po are S. intermedia while no Scopimera sp. was found in Tai Tam, where a reservoir has been constructed. It is thus unclear whether S. globosa really exists in Hong Kong. As for Taiwanese records of S. globosa , the first was reported from Danshuei (= Tamsui), Taipei County, by Takahasi (1934) and have been recorded on numerous localities on the main island and Penghu. In a review of ocypodoid crabs, however, a typical S. intermedia G1 was illustrated under the name S. globosa (see Huang et al. 1992: fig. 16). Checking available specimens in National Taiwan Museum and National Museum of Natural Science which has been collected and named as S. globosa between 1980s and today, we could find no specimens referable to S. globosa . All this material has proven to be S. intermedia instead. Thus the presence of S. globosa in Taiwan and Hong Kong is not verified in this study and its southern limit along the Chinese coast remains unclear. However, our extensive collections in Taiwan and Hong Kong fail to yield any S. globosa , suggesting this species is probably absent in these two regions. There was one record of “ S. globosa ” from Singapore ( Tan & Ng 1994) which may be misidentified with S. intermedia or other unrecorded species.

References

Dai, A. - Y. & Yang, S. - L. (1991) Crabs of the China Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 682 pp.

Huang, J. - F., Yu, H. - P. & Takeda, M. (1992) A review of the ocypodid and mictyrid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in Taiwan. Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, 31, 141 - 161.

Kamita, T. (1941) Studies of the Decapod Crustaceans of Chosen. Pt. 1. Crabs. The Fisheries Society of Chosen, Keijo, Korea, 289 pp. (in Japanese)

Kemp, S. (1919) Notes on Crustacea Decapoda in the Indian Museum. XII. Scopimerinae. Records of the Indian Museum, 16, 305 - 3 48.

Kim, H. S. (1973) Anomura-Brachyura. In: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea. Vol. 14. Samhwa, Seoul, pp. 589 - 682. (in Korean)

Koelbel, K. (1897) Beschreibung der Krebse. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise des Grafen Bela Szechenyi in Ostasien, 2, 709 - 718.

Milne Edwards, H. (1852) Observations sur les affinites zoologiques et la classification naturelle des Crustaces. Annales des Sciences naturelles, (3) 18, 109 - 166.

Minemizu, R. (2000) Marine Decapod and Stomatopod Crustaceans Mainly from Japan. Bunnichi-Sogo Shuppan, Tokyo, 344 pp. (in Japanese)

Miyake, S. (1983) Japanese Crustacean Decapods and Stomatopods in Color. II Brachyura (Crabs). Hoikusha, Osaka, 277 pp. (in Japanese)

Morton, B. & Morton, J. (1983) The Sea Shore Ecology of Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, 350 pp.

Ng, P. K. L., Guinot, D. & Davie, P. J. F. (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of the extant brachyuran crabs of the world. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement, 17, 1 - 286.

Nishimura, S. & Suzuki, K. (1971) Common Seashore Animals of Japan in Color (Kaigan Dobutsu). Hoikusha, Osaka, 196 pp. (in Japanese)

Ortmann, A. (1894) Die Decapoden - Krebse des Strassburger Museums, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der van Herrn Dr. Doderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und zur Zeit im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen. VIII. Theil. Abtheilung: Brachyura (Brachyura genuine Boas) III. Unterabtheilung: Cancroidea, 2. Section: Cancrinea, 2. Gruppe: Catametopa. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abtheilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere, 7, 683 - 772, pl. 23.

Parisi, B. (1918) I Decapodi giapponesi del Museo di Milano. VI. Catometopa e Paguridea. Atti della Societa Italiana de Scienze Naturali, 57, 5 - 42.

Sakai, T. (1934) Brachyura from the coast of Kyushu, Japan. Science Reports of the Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, Section B, 1 (25), 281 - 330.

Sakai, T. (1939) Studies on the Crabs of Japan. IV. Brachygnatha, Brachyrhyncha. Yokendo, Tokyo, pp. 365 - 741 + pls. 42 - 111.

Sakai, T. (1976) Crabs of Japan and the Adjacent Seas. Kodansha, Tokyo, 773 pp + 251 pls.

Shen, C. - J. (1932) The brachyuran Crustacea of North China. Zoologia Sinica, Series A, 9, 1 - 300.

Shen, C. - J. (1940) The brachyuran fauna of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Fisheries Research Station Journal, 1, 211 - 242.

Stimpson, W. (1858) Crustacea Ocypodoidea. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers ducibus, observavit et descripsit, Pars 5. Proceedings of the Academia of Natural Science, Philadelphia, 10, 93 - 110.

Takahasi, S. (1934) An ecological study of the littoral animals near the mouth of the Tamsui. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa, 24, 1 - 14. (in Japanese)

Takeda, M. (1975) Brachyura. In: Utinomi, H. (Ed.), The Aquatic Lower Animals of Japan. Gakken, Tokyo, pp. 188 - 331. (in Japanese)

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Figures

FIGURE 1. Scopimera globosa De Haan, 1835: dorsal view of carapace (a) and suborbital ridge and pterygostomian region (b); S. intermedia Balss, 1934: dorsal view of carapace (c) and suborbital ridge and pterygostomian region (d); S. ryukyuensis sp. nov.: dorsal view of carapace (e) and suborbital ridge and pterygostomian region (f). a, c, e: note arrow highlighting relative size of extra-orbital angle and solid line indicating direction of ridge behind the extra-orbital angle (which is diagnostic between S. ryukyuensis sp. nov. and S. globosa). b, d, f: arrow noting raised branchial region viewed from front in S. ryukyuensis sp. nov. (e) and relative conspicuousness of sub-orbital ridge: that of S. ryukyuensis sp. nov. being most pronounced.

FIGURE 2. Scopimera globosa De Haan, 1835: chela (a) and male abdomen (b); S. intermedia Balss, 1934: chela (c) and male abdomen (d); S. ryukyuensis sp. nov.: chela (e) and male abdomen (f). a, c, e: arrow pointing tooth at inner margin of movable finger: that of S. intermedia Balss, 1934, being most rudimentary. b, d, f: large arrows showing dimensions of the sixth abdominal somite and small arrow indicating the convexity of distal border of the fourth somite.

FIGURE 3. Scopimera globosa De Haan, 1835: G 1 entire view (a), tip (b) and magnification of setae (c); S. intermedia Balss, 1934: G 1 entire view (d), tip (e) and magnification of setae (f); S. ryukyuensis sp. nov.: G 1 entire view (g), tip (h) and tip observed under light microscope (i). Scale bars in µm.

FIGURE 4. Photographs in life (a – e). Scopimera globosa De Haan, 1835: male frontal view (a) and dorsal view (b); S. intermedia Balss, 1934: male frontal view (c) and dorsal view (d); and S. ryukyuensis sp. nov.: male frontal view (e) and close-up of external maxillipeds from preserved specimens, showing ring-like marking on merus (f).

FIGURE 6. Dorsal view of the neotype of Scopimera tuberculata Stimpson, 1858. A male (cw 9.9 mm, cl 7.6 mm) (CBM-ZC 4195) deposited in Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan.