Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck, 1834)

Huang, Joe Chun-Chia, Jazdzyk, Elly Lestari, Nusalawo, Meyner, Maryanto, Ibnu, Maharadatunkamsi, Wiantoro, Sigit & Kingston, Tigga, 2014, A recent bat survey reveals Bukit Barisan Selatan Landscape as a chiropteran diversity hotspot in Sumatra, Acta Chiropterologica 16 (2), pp. 413-449 : 427

Hipposideros bicolor (Temminck, 1834)

Bicolored leaf-nosed bat

New record

Lampung Province: Sukaraja Forest, Sumber Rejo Village.

Previous records from Sumatra

North Sumatra Province: Bua Bua, Enggano Island (belong to Nias Islands) (as H. gentilis major in Andersen, 1918 , but see Douangboubpha et al., 2010); Lampung Province: Way Canguk Forest ( Khan, 2013).

Remarks

This is a medium-sized species of the bicolor group with forearm length ranging from 43.8 to 47.1 mm (n = 15) and ear length from 15.4 to 19.7 mm (n = 11). There are two bicolor -group species from mainland Southeast Asia which overlap in forearm and ear length, namely Hipposideros bicolor (as H. bicolor 131 kHz in Kingston et al., 2001) and H. atrox (as H. bicolor 142 kHz in Kingston et al., 2001), which are both confirmed from Sumatra ( Douangboubpha et al., 2010). In the past, the similarity of external traits and the unclear taxonomic relationships among geographic populations has made identification in the field difficult. Previous studies suggest that peak frequency of the echolocation call (F MAXE, frequency with maximum energy of a call) is a diagnostic trait distinguishing H. bicolor (127.0–134.4 kHz with a mean [x] of 131 kHz in Kingston et al., 2006 and 129.0–135.1 kHz, x = 132.1 kHz in Douangboubpha et al., 2010) and H. atrox (138.0–144.0 kHz, x = 141 kHz in Kingston et al., 2006 and 135.1–146.7 kHz, x = 142.3 kHz in Douangboubpha et al., 2010). However, echolocation calls recorded in the present study (F MAXE 133.0–138.4 kHz, x = 136.8 kHz, n = 7) are partially in the acoustic mid-space between H. bicolor and H. atrox . Based on molecular analyses, Khan (2013) concluded that the bicolor -group bat from Way Canguk Forest is the same species as H. bicolor ( H. bicolor 131 kHz) from Central Java, Borneo, and Peninsular Malaysia (as H. bicolor - 2 in Khan, 2013, median values of F MAXE: 131–133 kHz), although echolocation data were unavailable for the Way Canguk bats in that study. In the present study, we tentatively assign all our bicolor -like bats as H. bicolor , as suggested by Khan (2013).