Leptocera fulva ( Malloch, 1912 )

Buck, Matthias & Marshall, Stephen A., 2009, Revision of New World Leptocera Olivier (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), Zootaxa 2039 (1), pp. 1-139 : 104-107

Leptocera fulva ( Malloch, 1912)

( Figs. 3 , 9 , 10 , 230–231 , 239–245 , 269–272 )

Limosina fulva Malloch, 1912: 4 (holotype ♀, USNM, examined).

Leptocera fulva .— Roháček et al., 2001: 154 (World catalog).

Limosina scutellaris Williston, 1896: 432 (lectotype ♀, present designation by M. Buck, BMNH), a primary junior homonym of Limosina scutellaris Haliday, 1836 .

Limosina discalis Malloch, 1912: 8 (replacement name for Limosina scutellaris Williston, 1896 ).—Buck in Roháček et al., 2001: 23, 154 (synonymy).

Description. Male terminalia ( Figs. 239–242 ): Sternite 5 with 15–20 large scales on hind margin. Epandrium expanded dorsally (posterior view). Anterior section of surstylus with angulate and well sclerotized anterolateral corner (ventral view). Anterior process of surstylus wide. Posterior section of surstylus medium to dark brown, long, dilated apically; with long, medial bristle removed from apex; this bristle very long and curved ventrally at wide arc; apex with a series of three short, stout, more or less blunt spines flanked by 1(–2) hair(s) on each side. Cercus elongate, simple; basal 3/4 stout, with a series of ca. four hairs distally; apical part slender and bare; apex truncate and slightly produced posteriorly. Aedeagal complex as in Figs. 269–272 .

Female terminalia ( Figs. 243–245 ): Sternite 7 with rounded (rarely slightly arrow-shaped) posteromedial process flanked by deep, partially membranous emargination on each side, microtrichia of posteromedial third of sclerite greatly enlarged, directed medially, posteriorly, and sometimes anteriorly (pattern variable). Tergite 10 + cerci with a pair of long bristles near middle plus several shorter setulae.

Type material. Limosina fulva Malloch. Holotype ♀ ( USNM): PANAMA, Prov. Colón, Canal Zone, Tabernilla , 27.iv.1907, A. Busck. Paratype ♂ ( USNM): same data as holotype but 6.ii.1911. Note: the other 8 ♂♂ paratypes are misidentified Leptocera dicrofulva sp.n. (see above).

Limosina scutellaris Williston (= L. discalis Malloch ). Lectotype ♀ (designated here by M. Buck) and 3 ♀♀ paralectotypes ( BMNH): SAINT VINCENT, windward side, H.H. Smith.

Other material examined. U.S.A. Florida: 6 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Broward Co., Big Cypress Indian Reserve ( DEBU) . CUBA. Prov. Cienfuegos: 1 ♀, Aguada de Pasajeros ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, Soledad ( USNM) . Prov. La Habana: 1 ♂, Havana ( USNM) . Prov. Santa Clara: 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, San Juan Mts. ( USNM) . Prov. Santiago : 35 ♂♂, 85 ♀♀, Santiago, Botanical Garden ( DEBU, COEB) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Gran Piedra ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀,

Gran Piedra, Isabelica and Met. Radar, 1,100 m ( DEBU); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Gran Piedra, Segundo Chorroito, 600 m ( DEBU) . JAMAICA: 1 ♂, 5 mi E Negril ( USNM) ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Runaway Bay ( USNM) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Hardwar Gap, 4,000 ft ( CNCI) ; 1 ♀, Trelawny Par., Good Hope ( CNCI) ; 1 ♂, St. Andrew Par. , 5 mi SW Irishtown ( USNM) ; 2 ♀♀, St. Ann Par., Mt. Diablo ( USNM) . DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 13 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀, Barahona 7 km NW Paraíso , 200 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, San Rafael, 18 km W Barahona ( DEBU) ; 15 ♂♂, Bonao ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, Manabao ( DEBU) ; 18 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Puerto Plata ( DEBU) ; 29 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, La Ciénaga, 1,200 –1,400 m ( DEBU) ; 3 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 100 km N Santo Domingo ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Santo Domingo, zoo grounds ( DEBU) ; 2 ♀♀, Cabo Rojo, Alcoa Rd km 26 ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, Alcoa Rd. km 25 ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, Sierra de “Barouca” [= Baoruco], “ Las Abejas” Valley ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, Jarabacoa, 530 m ( BMNH) ; 1 ♀, Prov. Hato Mayor, Parque Los Haitises, 3 km W Cueva de Arena , 20 m, 19°4'N, 69°29'W ( CMNH) ; 1 ♂, Prov. La Vega, 12 km NE Constanza ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Prov. Puerto Plata, La Cumbre ( CNCI) ; 1 ♂, Prov. Espaillat, 6 mi N San Víctor ( TAMU) ; 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Prov. Trujillo, Cambito ( USNM) . PUERTO RICO: 2 ♂♂, Rio Grande Co., Sierra de Luquillo, El Verde Stn. , 3.1 km WNW El Yunque , 355 m, 18°19'15"N, 65°49'11"W ( CMNH) ; 1 ♂, Cayey Co., Bosque Estatal de Carite , 4.2 km SE Campamento Guavate, 580 m, 18°5'25"N, 66°2’7"W ( CMNH) ; 13 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Mayagüez Co., Hacienda La Juanita , 2.8 km ENE Las Vegas, 18°11'45"N, 67°0'22"W ( CMNH) . GUADELOUPE: 1 ♂, Domain Dudos, Petit Bourg, Castarei [?] Forest ( DEBU) . DOMINICA (all in USNM): 21 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, Clarke Hall Est .; 1 ♂, 1 mi E Clarke Hall ; 3 ♂♂, Macoucheri; 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Trafalgar Falls , 1,200 ft ; 1 ♂, Pagua Bay ; 1 ♀, Manets Gutter. SAINT VINCENT : 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kingstown, St. Andrews Botanical Garden ( DEBU) ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Montreal ( USNM) ; 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Majorca, 1,500 ft ( CNCI) . GRENADA: 1 ♀, no locality ( USNM) ; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Concord Falls ( DEBU) ; 21 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀, Grand Etang ( DEBU) . TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Trinidad: 8 ♀♀, St. George Co., Upper Santa Cruz , Gasparillo ( ROME) ; 1 ♀, Saint George Co., Curepe, 10°38'N, 61°24'W ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, S of Arima , Simla House, Windblow Ridge ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, Arima Valley, Simla Station ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, River Estate ( USNM) . Tobago: 1 ♀, Queensland ( BMNH) . MEXICO. Chiapas: 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Bonampok Rd 100 km SE Palenque , 230 m ( DEBU) ; 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Palenque , 80 m and 100 m ( DEBU) ; 6 ♀♀, Ocosingo Rd. 76 km S Palenque Rte. 195, 760 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 mi SE Ocosingo ( EMEC) ; 1 ♀, El Zapotal 2 mi S Tuxtla Gutiérrez ( EMEC) ; 11 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, Simojovel de Allende ( EMEC, CNCI) ; 1 ♀, San Cristóbal de las Casas, 7,200 ft ( CNCI) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 20–25 mi N Huixtla , 3,000 ft ( CNCI) ; 1 ♀, Motozintla, 3,000 ft ( CNCI) ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 10 mi S Malpaso ( CNCI) . Colima: 1 ♀, 9 mi NE Comala ( TAMU) . Guerrero: 1 ♀, 12 mi N Tierra Colorada , 2,600 ft ( CNCI) . Jalisco: 1 ♀, Guadalajara ( EMEC) . Oaxaca: 3 ♀♀, 3.9 mi NE San Gabriel Mixtepec ( TAMU) . Quintana Roo: 11 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Kohunlich, 68 km W Chetumal , 160 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, Xcaret ( DEBU) . Sinaloa: 1 ♀, 15 mi W El Palmito , 5,000 ft ( CNCI) . Tamaulipas: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Mpio. Llera de Canales , 5 mi N Encino, 200 m ( TAMU) ; 1 ♀, 2 mi SE Gómez Farías ( TAMU) . Veracruz: 13 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀, 33 km NE Catemaco, Los Tuxtlas Biol. Stn. , 160 m and 120–300 ft ( DEBU, TAMU) ; 4 ♀♀, Fortín de las Flores ( EMEC) ; 1 ♀, 7 mi SE Catemaco ( EMEC) ; 19 ♂♂, 21 ♀♀, 32 km N Catemaco , UNAM Preserve ( SEMC) ; 1 ♂, Texolo Falls , 3 km SSE Xico ( SEMC) ; 2 ♀♀, Lago Catemaco ( CNCI) ; 3 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Los Tuxtlas Biol. Stn., 33 km N Catemaco ( DEBU) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Coatepec ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Teocelo ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Xico ( USNM) . BELIZE: 75 ♂♂, 36 ♀♀, trail to Xunatunich ( DEBU) ; 61 ♂♂, 28 ♀♀, San Ignacio Maya Mtn. Lodge ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, Stann Creek, Sittee Point ( USNM) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Middlesex ( CNCI) ; 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, BARC, nr. San Pedro Columbia, 16°17'N, 88°58'W ( DEBU) . GUATEMALA. 1 ♂, no locality ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Lago de Yojoa ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, Morazán ( USNM) . Dpto. Chimaltenango: 2 ♀♀, Yepocapa, Finca Conchita ( USNM) . Dpto. Escuintla: 1 ♂, La Providencia, Obispo ( USNM) ; 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Zapote, Finca El Zapote, 2,400 ft ( FMNH) . Dpto. Izabal: 10 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀, Las Escobas ( DEBU) . Dpto. Zacapa: 1 ♂, no locality ( DEBU) . EL SALVADOR. 3 ♂♂, San Salvador ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Santa Tecla ( USNM) . HONDURAS. Dpto. Francisco Morazán : 1 ♂, El Zamorano ( DEBU) . Dpto. Olancho: 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, La Muralla Natl. Pk., 1,450 m, 15°5'49"N, 86°44'17"W ( DEBU) . NICARAGUA. Dpto. Zelaya: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Río Waspuc , Musawas ( EMEC) . COSTA RICA. 1 ♂, no locality given ( USNM) . Prov. Alajuela: 8 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, Río Peñas Blancas , 700 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, San Ramón For. Res., 5 km N Colonia Palmarena, Río San Lorencito , 900 m ( INBC) ; 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Caño Negro, Natl. Wildlife Ref., 20 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♀, San Ramón de Dos Ríos (Sector), 620 m ( INBC) ; 10 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Volcán Tenorio, N slope nr. Bijagua Biol. Stn., 700 m ( DEBU) ; 30 ♂♂, 28 ♀♀, Volcán Tenorio, Bijagua Biol. Stn., 700 m ( DEBU, INBC) ; 1 ♀, Volcán Tenorio, N slope, trail to laguna, 800–900 m ( DEBU) ; 26 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, Higuito, San Mateo ( USNM) . Prov. Cartago: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Turrialba, Catie ( DEBU) ; 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Turrialba ( USNM) ; 9 ♂♂, 7 ♀, La Suiza de Turrialba ( USNM) ; 13 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀, Braulio Carrillo Natl. Pk., various altitudes: 500–1,500 m ( DEBU) ; 2 ♂♂, outside Tapantí Natl. Pk. nr. W entrance, 1,150 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tapantí Natl. Pk., nr. W entrance, 1,150 m ( DEBU) . Prov. Guanacaste: 64 ♂♂, 58 ♀♀, 1 specimen, Cacao Field Stn., various altitudes: 700–1,250 m ( DEBU, INBC) ; 50 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀, road to Cacao Biol. Stn., 750 m ( DEBU, INBC) ; 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Volcán Cacao, W side, 750 m ( INBC) ; 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Volcán Cacao, SW side, 1,150 –1,350 m ( DEBU) ; 14 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, Mengo Biol. Stn., SW side Volcán Cacao, 1,100 m, 10°55'43"N, 85°28'10"W ( DEBU) ; 2 ♂♂, Las Pailas Biol. Stn., 800–1,200 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♂, Santa Rosa ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Rincón de la Vieja Natl. Pk., 1,000 –1,500 m ( DEBU) ; 16 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀, Maritza Field Stn., 600–800 m ( DEBU, INBC) ; 30 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, 1 specimen, Pitilla Field Stn., 9 km S Santa Cecilia , 700 m, 10°59'26"N, 85°25'40"W ( DEBU, INBC) ; 1 ♀, Río Cuajiniquil , 200 m ( INBC) . Prov. Heredia: 91 ♂♂, 74 ♀♀, La Selva Biol. Stn., 3 km S Puerto Viejo , 50–150 m, 10°26'N, 84°1'W ( DEBU, ROME, INBC, USNM) ; 3 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, La Selva Biol. Res. nr. Puerto Viejo ( SEMC) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 10 km W Puerto Viejo, Selva Verde (DEBU) ; 2 ♂♂, Braulio Carrillo Natl. Pk., El Ceibo Biol. Stn., 400–600 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Sarapiquí, Puerto Viejo, Finca La Selva ( DEBU) ; 7 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 16 km SSE La Virgen , 1,050 –1,150 m, 10°16'N, 84°5'W ( DEBU, INBC) . Prov. Limón: 1 ♀, Estrella Valley , Pandora ( DEBU) ; 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Tortuguero Natl. Pk., Cerro Tortuguero, 0–120 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tortuguero Natl. Pk., Cuatro Esquinas, 0 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♂, Hitoy Cerere Biol. Res., Hitoy Cerere Biol. Stn., 200 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♂, Cahuita Natl. Pk., 0 m ( INBC) ; 2 ♀♀, Talamanca, Amubri, 70 m ( INBC) ; 4 ♀♀, Siquerres, Pacuarito, Las Brisas, Río Dantas Biol. Stn., 275–500 m ( DEBU) . Prov. Puntarenas: 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Monteverde, no elevation or 1,500 m ( DEBU, ROME) ; 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Monteverde, San Luis, 1,000 –1,350 m ( DEBU) ; 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Monteverde Biol. Res., 1,500 m and 1,520 m ( INBC, DEBU) ; 1 ♂, Peñas Blancas E Monteverde Reserve , 900 m, 10°18'N, 84°49'W ( DEBU) ; 2 ♂♂, Las Alturas Biol. Stn., 1,500 –1,700 m, 8°57'N, 82°58'W ( DEBU) ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 24 km W Piedras Blancas , 200 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 5 km W Piedras Blancas , 100 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, Amistad Natl. Pk., Las Mellizas Biol. Stn., Finca Cafrosa, 1,300 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♀, Manuel Antonio Natl. Pk., Quepos , 80 m ( INBC) ; 3 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Carara Biol. Res., Carara Biol. Stn., 200 m ( INBC) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Carara Biol. Res., Quebrada Bonita Biol. Stn., 50 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♀, Pittier Biol. Stn., 1,670 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♀, Altamira Biol. Stn., 1 km SW Cerro Biolley , 1,450 m ( INBC) ; 1 ♂, 3 km SW Rincón ( DEBU) ; 21 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀, Osa Peninsula, 2.5 km S Rincón , ~ 50 m, 8°42’1"N, 83°30'50"W ( DEBU, INBC) ; 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Corcovado Natl. Pk., Sirena Biol. Stn., 0–100 m ( INBC) ; 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Corcovado Natl. Pk., San Pedrillo, 1–50 m, 8°37'15"N, 83°44’6"W ( DEBU) . Prov. San José: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Pedregoso ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Cerro de la Muerte nr. Georgina, 3,200 m [correct locality?] ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Hwy 2 at Cajón ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, Hwy 2, km 66, 2,100 –2,400 m ( DEBU) ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Hwy 2, km 68 ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, cement factory 10 km W Guapiles ( DEBU) ; 9 ♂, 11 ♀♀, San José ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, San Antonio de Escazú ( SEMC) ; 1 ♀, Carara Biol. Res., Bijagual Biol. Stn., 500 m ( INBC) ; 56 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀, San Carlos, Riosparaíso Res., Pecarí Stn., 16 km NNE Quepos, 400 m, 9°33'53"N, 84°7'32"W ( DEBU, INBC) ; 10 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, San Carlos, La Virgen , 821 m, 9°34'50"N, 84°7'51"W ( DEBU) ; 6 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Guaitil, nr. bridge over Río Candelaria , 500 m, 9°46'19"N, 84°12'56"W ( DEBU) . PANAMA. Prov. Chiriquí : 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Las Lagunas, 4.5 km SW Hato del Volcán, 8,360 “m” [ft] ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, 5 km W Boquete, rd. to El Salto, 1,610 m, 8°46'N, 82°29'W ( USNM) . Prov. Colón: 3 ♀♀, Canal Zone, Tabernilla ( USNM) . Prov. Darién: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Sabanas ( USNM) . Prov. Panamá: 2 ♂♂, Red Tank ( USNM) ; 23 ♂♂, 23 ♀♀, Cerro Campana, 800 m ( MEMU) ; 1 ♂, Cuevas de Chilibre , outside ( SEMC) . Province uncertain: 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Monte Lirio ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Alhajuelo ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Canal Zone, Erwin I. ( USNM) . COLOMBIA. Antioquia: 1 ♂, Envigado, Las Brujas ( DEBU) . VENEZUELA (identification of some females tentative due to possible confusion with L. prolixofulva sp.n.). 2 ♂♂, San Esteban ( USNM) . Anzoátegui: 1 ♀, Bergentina ( DEBU) . Aragua: 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Tiara env., 1,250 m ( DEBU, IZAV) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, El Limón, Pozo del Diablo , 570 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Henri Pittier Natl. Pk., La Trilla, 100 m and 200 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, Henri Pittier Natl. Pk., above Portochuelo Pass, 1,400 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Henri Pittier Natl. Pk., Rancho Grande Biol. Stn., 1,450 m ( DEBU) ; 5 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Henri Pittier Natl. Pk., Rancho Grande, no elevation or 1,500 m ( DEBU, IZAV) ; 1 ♂, Henri Pittier Natl. Pk., Hwy Maracay-Choroní km 32, 100 m ( DEBU) . Carabobo: 1 ♀, Palmichal, 1,000 m ( DEBU) . Lara: 3 ♂♂, Yacambú, 1,200 m ( DEBU) . Mérida: 1 ♂, Jaji to La Azulita ( DEBU) . Trujillo: 1 ♂, E of Boconó , 1,250 m ( DEBU) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 10 km E Boconó, Laguna de Lucerdo , 1,760 m ( DEBU) ; 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Guaramacal Natl. Pk., 14 km NE Boconó , 2,000 m ( DEBU) ; 2 ♀♀, Mosquey nr. Boconó , 1,500 m ( DEBU) . ECUADOR. Prov. Chimborazo : 1 ♂, Bugna ( USNM) ; 2 ♂♂, Linje ( USNM) . Prov. El Oro: 1 ♀, El Pasaje ( USNM) . Prov. Guayas: 1 ♂, Naranjal ( USNM) . Prov. Manabí: 6 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Estero Balsa ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, Bandurria ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, Guales ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Camarones ( USNM) ; 2 ♀♀, La Palma ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, Río Ayampe ( USNM) . Prov. Morona-Santiago: 1 ♀, Sucúa ( DEBU) . Prov. Napo: 9 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 5 km N El Chaco , no elevation and 2,000 m ( DEBU) ; 10 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, Tena, 500 m ( DEBU, ROME) ; 5 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Puerto Misahuallí , 350 m ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, SW Puerto Napo, S Limonchicta, S side Río Piocullín , 600 m, 1°5'S, 77°52'W ( ROME) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Limoncocha, 250 m, 0°24'S, 76°40'W ( USNM, CNCI) ; 2 ♀♀, SierrAzul Res., 14 km W Cosanga , 2,200 m, 0°40'55"S, 77°56’9"W ( DEBU) ; 28 ♂♂, Coca, Río Napo, 250 m ( CNCI) ; 4 ♂♂, Pompeya, Río Napo ( CNCI) ; 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, Yasuní Natl. Pk., Yasuní Res. Stn., 0°38'S, 76°36'W ( DEBU) ; 1 ♀, Tiputini Biodiv. Stn., vic. Yasuní Natl. Pk., 0°38'S, 76°0'W ( DEBU) ; 37 ♂♂, 40 ♀♀, Jatun Sacha Res., 6 km E Misahuallí , 450 m, 1°4'S, 77°37'W ( DEBU, QCAZ) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 8 km W Lago Agrio ( USNM) . Prov. Pastaza: 1 ♀, Río Puyo ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, Puyo ( USNM) . Prov. Pichincha: 14 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Santo Domingo, 600 m ( CNCI) ; 24 ♂♂, 51 ♀♀, Tinalandia (16 or 17 km E Santo Domingo ), various altitudes: 680–1,120 m ( DEBU, ROME, CNCI) ; 22 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀, Río Palenque Biol. Stn. (47 km S Santo Domingo), various altitudes: 160–250 m ( DEBU, ROME) ; 2 ♀♀, Santa Elena nr. Río Palenque ( DEBU) ; 18 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Maquipucuna Biol. Res., various altitudes: 1,200 –1,600 m, 0°7'34"N, 78°37'57"W ( DEBU) ; 2 ♂♂, 7 km SE Nanegalito, trout farm ' San José', 1,500 m, 0°3'54"N, 78°40'36"W ( DEBU) ; 7 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Tandapi, 40 km SW Quito , 1,300 –1,500 m ( CNCI) . PERU. Dpto. Madre de Dios : 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Manú Natl. Pk., Cocha Cashu Biol. Stn., 380 m ( ROME) ; 21 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, Los Amigos Biol. Stn. ( DEBU, MUSM) . Dpto. Cusco: 1 ♀, Quincemil, 780 m ( CNCI) . Dpto. Huánuco: 1 ♀, Tingo María, 800 m ( CNCI) . BOLIVIA. Dpto. Cochabamba : 1 ♀, Villa Tunari, Hotel Los Tucanes, 320 m, 16°58'24"S, 65°23'48"W ( DEBU) . Dpto. La Paz : 1 ♂, San Juanito nr. Teoponte, 500 m, 15°29'42"S, 67°47'48"W ( DEBU) ; 8 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Chulumani, Apa Apa Reserve , 2,000 m, 16°21'15"S, 67°30'21"W ( DEBU, CBFC) ; 1 ♀, Arroyo Tuhiri W Mapiri, 15°17'27"S, 68°15'29"W ( DEBU) ; 1 ♂, 23 km NE Caranavi ( DEBU) . Dpto. Santa Cruz : 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Perseverancia, Salitral ( DEBU) . BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: 1 ♀, Tijuca Forest , Represa dos Ciganos, Jacarepaguá ( DEBU) ; 12 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Tijuca Forest ( DEBU, MZSP) . Santa Catarina : 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Nova Teutônia , 300–500 m, 27°11'S, 52°23'W ( CNCI) .

Females tentatively identified as L. fulva (possible confusion with L. rhadinofulva sp.n. or L. prolixofulva sp.n.): COSTA RICA: 1 ♀, Pedregosa ( USNM) . PANAMA. Prov. Colón: 1 ♀, Canal Zone, Fort Sherman, Skunk Hollow Rd. ( MEMU) . ECUADOR. Prov. Napo: 28 ♀♀, Coca, Río Napo, 250 m ( CNCI) ; 3 ♀♀, Pompeya, Río Napo ( CNCI) . Prov. Tungurahua: 3 ♀♀, Baños, 6,000 ft ( MSUC) . Prov. Guayas: 2 ♀♀, Bucay ( USNM) ; 4 ♀♀, Naranjal ( USNM) ; 1 ♀, Río Frío , Balao Chico ( CNCI) . PERU. Dpto. Madre de Dios: 2 ♀♀, Avispas, 400 m ( CNCI) . BOLIVIA. Dpto. La Paz: 4 ♀♀, Chulumani, Apa Apa Reserve , 2,000 m, 16°21'15"S, 67°30'21"W ( DEBU) . BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: 1 ♀, Cuiabá, São Gerônimo ( MZSP) .

Distribution. Widespread and generally common in the Neotropical region. From southern Florida (Broward Co., Map 1) and northern Mexico (Tamaulipas) to Bolivia, Paraguay and southern Brazil (Santa Catarina). In Ecuador known from both sides of the Andes. Curran (1934) also mentions the species (as L. discalis ) from St. Charles I. [= Floreana] on Galápagos. We have examined numerous Leptocera from this and five other Galápagos islands (see under L. erythrocera ) but cannot confirm its occurrence there. Widespread on Caribbean Islands ( Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Saint Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago). Most common in lowlands but occasionally up to 2,100 m. One record from 3,200 m (Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica) appears suspicious.

Discussion. This species and the much rarer L. prolixofulva sp.n. are the only species in the L. fulva group with a series of three stout spines at the apex of the posterior section of the surstylus and a relatively narrow posteromedian process of female sternite 7. The distinguishing characters between these two species are discussed under L. prolixofulva sp.n. Leptocera fulva is somewhat variable with regard to the shape of the posterior section of the surstylus. In some South American specimens its apical portion is less dilated and the apical spines are more slender and have finer tips. However, there seems to be no morphological gap between the two forms, which probably merely represent extreme states of individual variation.

Figures

FIGURES 2–6. Leptocera heads and antennae. Heads of (2) L. argentinica sp.n. (Argentina); (3) L. fulva (Costa Rica). Arista and first flagellomeres of (4) L. aequilimbata (Peru); (5) L. neocurvinervis (Chile); (6) L. caenosa (U.S.A.). ad s—additional setulae on orbit, l or—lower orbital bristle, u or—upper orbital bristle.

FIGURES 7–9. Leptocera thoraces: (7) L. cymatonota sp.n. (Guatemala); (8) L. hexadike sp.n. (Costa Rica); (9) L. fulva (Belize). ad sc—additional scutellar bristles.

FIGURES 10–15. Leptocera wings: (10) L. fulva (Belize); (11–12) L. ellipsipennis, showing variation (Juan Fernández Is.); (13) L. cultellipennis (Juan Fernández Is.); (14) L. parallelipennis sp.n., normal wing venation (Juan Fernández Is.); (15) ditto, aberrant venation. Scale bar 0.1 mm. Cs—costal sector.

FIGURES 230–231. Leptocera fulva, males (Costa Rica).

FIGURES 239–245. Leptocera fulva (Belize, except 244: U.S.A.). Male terminalia (phallus and postgonites omitted): (239) lateral, cercus omitted; (240) posterior; (241) ventral, cerci omitted; (242) sternite 5. Female terminalia: (243) dorsal; (244) spermathecae; (245) ventral. ce—cercus.

FIGURES 267–272. Postgonites and aedeagal complex of Leptocera fulva group. Postgonites of (267) L. dicrofulva sp.n. (Ecuador), (268) L. prolixofulva sp.n. (Venezuela). Aedeagal complex of L. fulva (Belize): (269) posterior; (270) anterior; (271) lateral; (272) dorsal. bcp—basal connection between postgonites, bp—basiphallus, dp—distiphallus, ea—ejaculatory apodeme, pa—phallapodeme, pg—postgonites.