Schendylops

Pereira, Luis Alberto, 2015, A new schendylid centipede (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Bolivian Amazon Forest, Zootaxa 3905 (1), pp. 1-26 : 18-20

Key to the Neotropical species of Schendylops with sternal pore-fields all along the trunk

(including those having an interrupted series on some mid-body sternites).

1. With pore-fields on sternites of anterior and posterior regions of the body, but totally absent on some intermediate sternites...................................................................................................... 2

- With pore-fields in an uninterrupted series all along the body.................................................. 6

2. All pore-fields undivided............................................................................... 3

- Some pore-fields divided in two subsymmetrical areas........................................................ 5

3. 65 leg-bearing segments (female); body length 29 mm (female); proximal margin of some anterior sternites provided medially with a small shallow pit, accompanied by an internal chitinous thickening.................. S. demangei (Pereira, 1981)

- 43 or 53 leg-bearing segments; body length 11–18 mm; proximal margin of anterior sternites without a shallow pit........ 4

4. 53 leg-bearing segments (female); body length 11 mm (female); a.a. without type c sensilla; dentate lamellae of mandibles divided in two blocks; coxosternite of first maxillae without setae; coxosternal lappets of first maxillae small, not attaining the

anterior margin of the first article of the telopodite; calyx of poison gland palmate in shape; claws of walking legs conspicuously curved internally; posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on penultimate sternite; pore-fields not accompanied by additional pores at their sides; pretergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment with intercalary pleurites............................................................................................ S. minutus ( Pereira & Minelli, 1993) - 43 leg-bearing segments (male); body length 18 mm (male); some a.a. with type c sensilla; dentate lamellae of mandibles divided in three blocks; coxosternite of first maxillae with 2+2 setae; coxosternal lappets of first maxillae relatively large, attaining the anterior margin of the first article of the telopodite; calyx of poison gland cylindrical in shape; claws of walking legs not conspicuously curved internally; posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on antepenultimate sternite; pore-fields accompanied by additional antero-lateral pores; pretergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment without intercalary pleurites............................................................................ S. placcii ( Pereira & Minelli, 1996)

5. Male with 43 leg-bearing segments, female with 47; body length 22 mm (male), 27 mm (female); clypeus with ca. 22 median setae; posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on penultimate sternite; pretergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment without intercalary pleurites.............................................................. S. achalensis Pereira, 2008

- Male with 41 leg-bearing segments; body length 18 mm (male); clypeus with ca. 12 median setae; posterior limit of pore-field series on antepenultimate sternite; pretergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment with intercalary pleurites........................................................................................ S. demartini ( Pereira & Minelli, 1996)

6. Sternite 1 with pore-field................................................................................ 7

- Sternite 1 without pore-field............................................................................ 19

7. All sternal pore-fields undivided................................................ S. labbanus (Chamberlin, 1921)

- Some sternal pore-fields divided in two subsymmetrical areas.................................................. 8

8. Posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on antepenultimate sternite............................................ 9

- Posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on penultimate sternite.............................................. 14

9. Side-pieces of labrum with ca. 25+25 teeth; dentate lamellae of mandibles with ca. 16–23 teeth; clypeus with ca. 34 median setae....................................................................... S. longitarsis (Silvestri, 1895)

- Side-pieces of labrum with ca. 5-11+5-11 teeth; dentate lamellae of mandibles with ca. 5–15 teeth; clypeus with 10–26 median setae.............................................................................................. 10

10. With 45 to 55 leg-bearing segments...................................................................... 11

- With 57–63 leg-bearing segments........................................................................ 12

11. Antennae ca. 3.2 times as long as cephalic plate; antennae showing few setae of different lengths on a.a. I; specialized sensilla on a.a. II, V, IX and XIII placed on areas reticulated as the remaining a.a. surfaces; a.a. XIV with ca. 9 claviform sensilla on the external edge and ca. 5 on the internal edge; additional antero-lateral pores accompanying sternal pore-fields on sternites 2–19; width/length ratio of tergite of female ultimate leg-bearing segment ca. 2.0: 1; 49 leg-bearing segments (female)...................................................................................... S. iguapensis (Verhoeff, 1938)

- Antennae ca. 4.2 times as long as the cephalic plate; antennae showing few setae of different lengths on a.a. I–IV; specialized sensilla on a.a. II, V, IX and XIII placed on hyaline, unreticulated, unpigmented areas ( Fig. 85 ); a.a. XIV with ca. 20–35 claviform sensilla on the external edge and ca. 11–15 on the internal edge; additional antero-lateral pores accompanying sternal pore-fields on sternites 1–3; width/length ratio of tergite of female ultimate leg-bearing segment ca. 1.3: 1; 47, 49, 51, 53 or 55 leg-bearing segments (female), 45, 47, (probably 49, 51), 53 or 55 (male).................................................................................................... S. marchantariae ( Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1995)

12. Tarsus 2 of male ultimate legs spindle-shaped..................................... S. mesopotamicus (Pereira, 1981)

- Tarsus 2 of male ultimate legs not spindly-shaped........................................................... 13

13. Male with 61 leg-bearing segments, female with 63; mid-piece of labrum with ca. 20 teeth; forcipular trochanteroprefemur with a small unpigmented tubercle on the apical medial edge; male ultimate legs ca. 5.3 times as long as the sternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment; large setae on podomeres of male ultimate legs clearly differentiated in length from the remaining smaller setae................................................. S. amazonicus (Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1994)

- Male with 57 leg-bearing segments; mid-piece of labrum with ca. 12 teeth; forcipular trochanteroprefemur unarmed on medial edge; male ultimate legs ca. 4.6 times as long as the sternite of the ultimate leg-bearing segment; large setae on podomeres of male ultimate legs poorly differentiated in length from the remaining smaller setae............. S. borellii (Silvestri, 1895)

14. Ultimate leg-bearing segment without intercalary pleurites at the sides of the ultimate pretergite ( Fig. 94 )......................................................................................... S. parahybae (Chamberlin, 1914)

- Ultimate leg-bearing segment with intercalary pleurites at the sides of the ultimate pretergite........................ 15

15. 69 leg-bearing segments (male and female); body length 70 mm (female); body width 2 mm (female); coxosternite of first maxillae with ca. 14+11 setae ( Fig. 67 ); coxosternite of second maxillae with ca. 26+34 setae ( Fig. 67 )............................................................................................... S. demelloi (Verhoeff, 1938)

- 45–55 leg-bearing segments; body length 16–36 mm; coxosternite of first maxillae with 2+2 setae; coxosternite of second maxillae with ca. 9-17+9-17 setae....................................................................... 16

16. Body length 16 mm (female); coxosternite of first maxillae with a wide median longitudinal sulcus not reaching the anterior and posterior margins; dorsal and ventral edges of apical claws of the telopodites of second maxillae with ca. 7–10 teeth; 47 leg-bearing segments................................................... S. tropicus (Brölemann & Ribaut, 1911)

- Body length 27–36 mm; coxosternite of first maxillae without a median longitudinal sulcus; dorsal and ventral edges of apical claws of the telopodites of second maxillae with ca. 14–26 teeth; 45, 49–55 leg-bearing segments.................... 17

17. 45 leg-bearing segments (female); anterior margin of cephalic plate conspicuously notched in the middle ( Fig. 10 ); dentate lamellae of mandibles divided in two blocks ( Figs. 13–15 ); basal internal edge of forcipular tarsungulum with a small pigmented tooth ( Figs. 21–23 ); width/length ratio of sternite of female ultimate leg-bearing segment ca. 1.40: 1..............

................................................................................... S. grismadoi sp. nov. - 49–55 leg-bearing segments; anterior margin of cephalic plate not notched in the middle; dentate lamellae of mandibles divided in three blocks; basal internal edge of forcipular tarsungulum unarmed; width/length ratio of sternite of female ultimate leg-bearing segment ca. 1.23–1.27: 1................................................................. 18

18. Female with 51 leg-bearing segments, male with 49; antennae sexually dimorphic; clypeus with ca. 17+17 median setae; dorsal and ventral edges of apical claws of telopodites of second maxillae with ca. 24–26 teeth; sternal glands pale yellow in colour; additional pores accompanying sternal pore-fields placed in antero-lateral position ( Figs. 62–64 ); posterior coxal organs externally bilobed ( Fig. 66 ); ratio of width of tarsus 1/width of tarsus 2 of female ultimate legs ca. 2.0: 1................................................................................ S. coscaroni ( Pereira & Minelli, 1996)

- Female with 53 or 55 leg-bearing segments, male with 51 or 53; antennae not sexually dimorphic; clypeus with ca. 10+10 median setae; dorsal and ventral edges of apical claws of telopodites of second maxillae with ca. 17 teeth; sternal glands purple in colour; additional pores accompanying sternal pore-fields mostly placed in mid-lateral position ( Fig. 80 ) (antero-lateral on sternite 1); posterior coxal organs externally unilobed ( Fig. 84 ); ratio of width of tarsus 1/width of tarsus 2 of female ultimate legs ca. 1.40: 1.................................................... S. inquilinus Pereira, Uliana & Minelli, 2007

19. All sternal pore-fields undivided......................................................................... 20

- Some sternal pore-fields divided in two subsymmetrical areas................................................ 24

20. Posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on antepenultimate sternite........................................... 21

- Posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on penultimate sternite............................................... 23

21. Tarsus 2 of ultimate legs much shorter than tarsus 1................................ S. varipictus (Chamberlin, 1950)

- Tarsus 2 of ultimate legs similar in length to tarsus 1......................................................... 22

22. Anterior and posterior coxal organs unilobed; body length 12.5 mm ............... S. lesnei (Brölemann & Ribaut, 1911)

- Anterior and posterior coxal organs bilobed; body length 24 mm ........................ S. bakeri (Chamberlin, 1914)

23. 43, 45 leg-bearing segments (female); body length 18 mm (female); length of specialized sensilla on apex of a.a. XIV conspicuously longer than the claviform sensilla; lappets of coxosternite of first maxillae very small; sternal pore-fields without additional pores at their sides; pretergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment with intercalary pleurites; posterior coxal organs discreetly bilobed externally...................................... S. continuus ( Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1995)

- 59 leg-bearing segments (male); body length 32 mm (male); length of specialized sensilla on apex of a.a. XIV distinctly shorter than the claviform sensilla; lappets of coxosternite of first maxillae well developed; some sternal pore-fields of anterior region of the body accompanied by a few additional pores at their sides; pretergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment without intercalary pleurites; posterior coxal organs externally unilobed.................... S. colombianus (Chamberlin, 1921)

24. Posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on sternite prior to antepenultimate..................................... 25

- Posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on penultimate or antepenultimate sternite............................... 26

25. 49 leg-bearing segments (male); body length 35 mm (male); antennae ca. 3.5 times as long as the cephalic plate; clypeus with ca. 19+19 median setae; dentate lamellae of mandibles subdivided into three blocks; apical claws of telopodites of second maxillae with ca. 26–27 dorsal teeth and ca. 20–21 ventral teeth; forcipular tergite and dorsal surface of forcipular pleurites with very numerous setae; sternal pore-fields of posterior region of the body subdivided in two subsymmetrical areas..................................................................................... S. olivaceus (Crabill, 1972)

- 61 leg-bearing segments (female); body length 28 mm (female); antennae ca. 2.5 times as long as the cephalic plate; clypeus with ca. 8+11 median setae; dentate lamellae of mandibles not subdivided into blocks; apical claws of telopodites of second maxillae with ca. 11–13 dorsal teeth and ca. 9–10 ventral teeth; forcipular tergite and forcipular pleurites with few setae; sternal pore-fields of posterior region of the body undivided............................... S. paulista (Brölemann, 1905)

26. Posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on penultimate sternite.............. S. pampeanus (Pereira & Coscarón, 1976)

- Posterior limit of sternal pore-field series on antepenultimate sternite........................................... 27

27. Clypeus with ca. 7 prelabral setae; side-pieces of labrum with ca. 40+46 teeth; dentate lamellae of mandibles not subdivided into blocks (with ca. 25–30 teeth)................................................... S. sublaevis (Meinert, 1870)

- Clypeus with 2 prelabral setae; side-pieces of labrum with a maximum of 7+7 teeth; dentate lamellae of mandibles subdivided into two-three blocks (with ca. 9–14 teeth)................................................................ 28

28. 63 or 65 leg-bearing segments (female); body length 70 mm (female); clypeus with ca. 40 median setae; mid-piece of labrum with ca. 30 teeth............................................................. S. gounellei (Brölemann, 1902)

- 41–51 leg-bearing segments; body length 15–38 mm; clypeus with ca. 16–20 median setae; mid-piece of labrum with ca. 11–14 teeth........................................................................................ 29

29. 51 leg-bearing segments (female); body length 38 mm (female)................. S. verhoeffi (Brölemann & Ribaut, 1911)

- 41–49 leg-bearing segments; body length 15–30 mm ........................................................ 30

30. 41 leg-bearing segments (male); body length 15 mm (male)......................... S. paraguayensis (Silvestri, 1895)

- 43–49 leg-bearing segments; body length 28–30 mm ....................................................... 31

31. 45–49 leg-bearing segments; coxosternite of second maxillae with ca. 30 setae........... S. madariagensis (Pereira, 1981)

- 43–47 leg-bearing segments; coxosternite of second maxillae with ca. 16–21 setae................................. 32

32. Female with 43 leg-bearing segments; antennae with three types of specialized sensilla; undivided sternal pore-fields of anterior region of the body extending up to sternite 25; divided sternal pore-fields occur on eight mid-body sternites......................................................................................... S. fieldi (Chamberlin, 1944)

- Female with 45 or 47 leg-bearing segments, male with 43 or 45; antennae with two types of specialized sensilla; undivided sternal pore-fields of anterior region of the body extending up to sternites 18–19; divided sternal pore-fields occur on 21–23 mid-body sternites............................................................. S. elegantulus (Meinert, 1886)

Figures

FIGURES 84 – 97. (84). Schendylops inquilinus Pereira, Uliana & Minelli, 2007 (female holotype; BRAZIL: Mato Grosso, Pirizal, Pantanal de Poconé): Right coxal organs, ventral. (85 – 91). Schendylops marchantariae (Pereira, Minelli & Barbieri, 1995) (female holotype; BRAZIL: Amazonas: Rio Solimões: Ilha da Marchantaria): (85) Right a. a. XIII, dorsal (a: a type sensilla; b, c: b, c type sensilla (placed on hyaline, unreticulated, unpigmented surface )). (86) Sternite 2. (87) Sternite 8. (88) Sternite 12. (89) Sternite 19. (90) Coxal organs, ventral. (91) Detail of right coxal organs, ventral. (From Pereira et al., 1995). (92 – 96). Schendylops parahybae (Chamberlin, 1914) (female holotype; BRAZIL: Paraíba State: Independencia): (92) Sternite 2. (93) Sternite 14. (94) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, dorsal. (95) Penultimate and ultimate legbearing segments, and postpedal segments, ventral. (96) Coxal organs, ventral. (From Pereira & Minelli, 1996). (97). Schendylops tropicus (Brölemann & Ribaut, 1911) (female holotype; French Guiana): Pore-field on sternite 14. (From Brölemann & Ribaut 1912). Scale bars: 0.05 mm (85); 0.1 mm (84); 0.2 mm (91); 0.4 mm (90); 0.5 mm (86 – 89). No scales available (92 – 97).

FIGURES 60 – 73. (60 – 66). Schendylops coscaroni (Pereira & Minelli, 1996) (female holotype; BRAZIL: São Paulo: Serra do mar): (60) First and second maxillae, ventral. (61) Detail of right postero-external region of second maxillae, ventral. (62) Sternite 2. (63) Sternite 10. (64) Sternite 16. (65) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral. (66) Left coxal organs, ventral. (67 – 70). Schendylops demelloi (Verhoeff, 1938) (female lectotype; BRAZIL: São Paulo: Iguape): (67) First and second maxillae, ventral. (68) Sternite 6. (69) Sternite 14. (70) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral. (71 – 73). Schendylops iguapensis (Verhoeff, 1938) (female holotype; BRAZIL: São Paulo: Iguape): (71) Sternite 8. (72) Sternite 19. (73) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral. (From Pereira & Minelli, 1996). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (61); 0.2 mm (66); 0.4 mm (71, 72); 0.5 mm (60, 62 – 65); 0.6 mm (70); 0.7 mm (68, 69). No scales available (67, 73).

FIGURES 10 – 16. Schendylops grismadoi sp. nov. (female holotype; BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Department: Guarayos Province: 15 º 42´42 ´´ S, 62 º 46´20 ´´ W): (10) Cephalic plate and bases of antennae (a: notch). (11) Clypeus and bases of antennae. (12) Labrum. (13) Left mandible, dorsal. (14) Dentate lamella of left mandible, dorsal. (15) Dentate lamella of right mandible, dorsal. (16) Left side of first maxillae, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (14, 15); 0.1 mm (12, 13, 16); 0.3 mm (10, 11).

FIGURES 17 – 21. Schendylops grismadoi sp. nov. (female holotype; BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Department: Guarayos Province: 15 º 42´42 ´´ S, 62 º 46´20 ´´ W): (17) Head, bases of antennae, first and second maxillae, ventral. (18) Detail of left posteroexternal region of second maxillae, dorsal. (19) Detail of right postero-external region of second maxillae, dorsal. (20) Claw of right telopodite of second maxillae, ventral. (21) Forcipular segment, ventral. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (20); 0.1 mm (18, 19); 0.3 mm (17); 0.4 mm (21).

FIGURES 22 – 30. Schendylops grismadoi sp. nov. (female holotype; BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Department: Guarayos Province: 15 º 42´42 ´´ S, 62 º 46´20 ´´ W): (22) Forcipular segment, dorsal. (23) Detail of duct (a) and calyx (b) of venom apparatus in right forcipular telopodite, ventral. (24) Sternite 1. (25) Sternite 2. (26) Sternite 3. (27) Sternite 4. (28) Sternite 5. (29) Sternite 7. (30) Sternite 8. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (23); 0.3 mm (24 – 30); 0.4 mm (22).

FIGURES 74 – 83. Schendylops inquilinus Pereira, Uliana & Minelli, 2007 (female holotype; BRAZIL: Mato Grosso, Pirizal, Pantanal de Poconé): (74) Right antenna, ventral. (75) Cephalic plate and bases of antennae. (76) Rigth mandible, dorsal. (77) First and second maxillae, ventral. (78) Detail of left postero-external region of second maxillae, ventral. (79) Sternite 2. (80) Sternite 4. (81) Sternite 10. (82) Sternite 12. (83) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (76); 0.1 mm (78); 0.2 mm (79 – 82); 0.3 mm (75, 77); 0.4 mm (74, 83).