PRASIINI Matsumura, 1917 HEMIDICTYINI, Distant, 1905

Ruschel, Tatiana Petersen & Campos, Luiz Alexandre, 2019, Phylogeny and biogeography of the leaf-winged cicadas (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185 (4), pp. 1150-1187 : 1183-1184

TRIBE PRASIINI Matsumura, 1917

Prasinaria Matsumura, 1917: 209 .

Prasiini Kato, 1932: 188 .

Type genus: Prasia Stål (type species P. faticina Stål ).

Included genera: Arfaka Distant, 1905 ; Jacatra Distant, 1905 ; Lembeja Distant, 1892 ; Mariekea Jong & Boer, 2004 ; Prasia Stål, 1863 .

Included species: Arfaka fulva (Walker, 1870) ; A. hariola (Stål, 1863) ; Jacatra typica Distant, 1905 ; Lembeja brendelli Jong, 1986 ; L. consanguinea Jong, 1987 ; L. dekkeri Jong, 1986 ; L. distanti Jong, 1986 ; L. elongata Jong, 1986 ; L. fatiloqua (Stål, 1870) ; L. foliata (Walker, 1858) ; L. fruhstorferi Distant, 1897 ; L. hollowayi Jong, 1986 ; L. incisa Jong, 1986 ; L. lieftincki Jong, 1987 ; L. maculosa (Distant, 1883) ; L. majuscula Jong, 1986 ; L. minahassae Jong, 1986 ; L. mirandae Jong, 1986 ; L. oligorhanta Jong, 1986 ; L. papuensis Distant, 1897 ; L. paradoxa (Karsch, 1890) ; L. parvula Jong, 1987 ; L. pectinulata Jong, 1986 ; L. robusta Distant, 1909 ; L. roehli Schmidt, 1925 ; L. sangihensis Jong, 1986 ; L. sanguinolenta Distant, 1909 ; L. sumbawensis Jong, 1987 ; L. tincta (Distant, 1909) ; L. vitticollis (Ashton, 1912) ; L. wallacei Jong, 1987 ; Mariekea acuta Jong, 2004 ; M. euharderi Jong, 2004 ; M. floresiensis Jong, 2004 ; M. groenendaeli Boer, 2004 ; M. harderi (Schmidt, 1925) ; M. major Jong, 2004 ; Prasia breddini Jong, 1985 ; P. faticina Stål, 1863 ; P. nigropercula Jong, 1985 ; P. princeps Distant, 1888 ; P. sarasinorum Jong, 1985 ; P. senilirata Jong, 1985 ; P. tuberculata Jong, 1985 .

KEY TO THE GENERA OF HEMIDICTYINI SENSU NOVO

1. Forewings semi-opaque ( Fig. 6D–G )...............................................................................................................… 2 –Forewings pigmented but translucent ( Fig. 6A ) or colourless ( Fig. 6B ) ........................................................ 3

2. Forewings wide, covering the whole abdomen in lateral view ( Figs 13B , 16B )............................................... 4 –Forewings narrow, leaving the ventral margin of abdomen exposed in lateral view ( Figs 20B , 21B ) .... … Lacetas

3. Paranota present ( Fig. 2F ) ........................................................................................................................ Iruana –Paranota absent ( Fig. 22A ) ............................................................................................................ Sapantanga

4. Apical area reticulated separated from proximal area by a median line ( Figs 13A, B ; 14D ).....… Hemidictya –Apical area reticulated not separated from proximal area by a median line ( Figs 16A, B ; 17B ) ..… Hovana

Diagnosis: Head with supra-antennal plate meeting eye ( Moulds, 2005); eyes protruding laterally, wider than vertex; scape longer, twice the size of pedicel; supra-antennal plates narrow, almost the same width of ocelli; ocellus closely spaced ( Boer, 1995a); ocular tubercle present; vertex narrow ( Boer, 1995a), width equal to diameter of ocellus; length of postclypeus equal to the vertex in dorsal view; postclypeus very prominent and obtuse in lateral view, keel-shape in frontal view; tumid processes present in transverse grooves (except Lembeja ). Pronotum with median groove present; pronotal lobes thick; paranota absent (except Prasia ); pronotal collar with lateral margin confluent with adjoining lateral lobes [as pronotal sclerites in Moulds (2005)]; lateral angle of pronotal collar round. Mesonotum with scutellum cruciform with lateral area obtuse; operculum small, covering at least half of the tympanal cavity. Metanotum expanded. Forewing veins C and R+Sc close together ( Moulds, 2005); expansion (shelf-like) of vein C present; vein RA aligned closely with subcosta (Sc) for its length ( Moulds, 2005); apical area of forewings not reticulated; apical cells in number of eight; subapical cells absent; marginal area absent. Hindwing with anal lobe either broad or narrow and vein 3A either separated or adjacent to wing margin ( Moulds, 2005). Male abdominal tergites with sides straight or convex in cross-section ( Moulds, 2005); tergites 2 and 3 similar in size to tergites 4–7 ( Moulds, 2005); tergite 2 short, reaching the base of timbal; timbals extend below wing bases ( Moulds, 2005). Uncus present. Clasper present (except in Arfaka ) and distally directed. Pygofer with upper lobe present, thickened rather than flat ( Moulds, 2005), longer than or the same length as anal styles; pygofer secondary upper lobe absent; pygofer basal lobe ill-defined (except in Arfaka ); dorsal beak present. Aedeagus lateral crest absent. Theca straight or curved in a gentle arc ( Moulds, 2005) with apex bilobed; pseudoparameres present in some species.

Distinguishing characters: Scape long, twice the size of pedicel; vertex narrow; ocelli closely spaced; postclypeus keel-shaped in frontal view; clasper and uncus present together, the uncus poorly developed and the claspers, located below, distally developed. The long scape and the keel-shaped postclypeus are proposed for the first time as diagnostic of Prasiini .

Remarks: Some of the characters proposed by Boer (1995a), such as a large obconical and triangularly protruding postclypeus, a very narrow hyaline border along the hind margin of the wing, and well-developed and posteriorly-projecting protuberances on the lateral lobes of the male pygofer (used here as characters 7, 8, 40 and 52), cannot be used as diagnostic for Prasiini because they are also present in species of Hemidictyini and Chlorocystini.

Figures

Figure 2. Characters of head and pronotum in dorsal view. A, Baeturia bicolorata; B, Chlorocysta vitripennis; C, Cystosoma saundersii; D, Hemidictya frondosa; E, Lacetas annulicornis; F, Iruana sulcata; G, Diemeniana hirsuta; H, Prasia culta. Scale: 1 mm.

Figure 6. Characters of forewings in dorsal view. A, Lembeja papuensis; B, Gymnotympana varicolor; C, Chlorocysta vitripennis; D, Cystosoma schmeltzi; E, Cystopsaltria immaculata; F, Cystosoma saundersii; G, Hovana distanti; H, Thaumastopsaltria lanceola; I, Prasia culta; J, Iruana rougeoti. Scale: 2 mm.

Figure 13. Lectotype (A) and paralectotype (B) male of Hemidictya frondosa (ZMHB) in dorsal and lateral view, respectively. Scale: 1 mm.

Figure 14. Hemidictya frondosa (male). A, head, pronotum and mesonotum in dorsal view; B, operculum and meracanthus in ventral view; C, sternite VII in ventral view; D, forewing in dorsal view; E, pygofer in lateral view; F, aedeagus in frontal view; G, claspers in ventral view. Scale: A, D = 2 mm, B, C, E = 1 mm, F, G = 0.5 mm.

Figure 16. Holotype male of Hovana distanti in dorsal (A) and lateral views (B), and pygofer in lateral view (C) (HNHM). Scale: 1 cm.

Figure 17. Hovana distanti (male). A, head, pronotum and mesonotum in dorsal view; B, forewing in dorsal view; C, pygofer in lateral view. Scale: A, B = 2 mm, C = 1 mm.

Figure 20. A, holotype female of Lacetas annulicornis in dorsal (ZMHB); B, specimen female of Lacetas annulicornis in lateral view (ZMHB); C, pygofer in lateral view (NHMUK); D, specimen male in dorsal view (NHMUK). Scale: A, B = 5 mm; C = 1 mm; D = 20 mm.

Figure 21. Syntype male of Lacetas longicollis in dorsal (A) and lateral view (B) (ZMHB); pygofer in lateral (C) and ventral views (D) (NHMUK); specimen male in dorsal view (E) (NHMUK). Scale: A, B = 5 mm; C and D = 1 mm; E = 20 mm.

Figure 22. A, holotype male of Sapantanga nutans in dorsal view (NHMUK); pygofer in ventral (B) and lateral view (C) (NHMUK). Scale: A = 10 mm, B, C = 1 mm.