Pilbarascutigera incola ( Verhoeff, 1925 ) Verhoeff, 1925

Edgecombe, Gregory D. & Barrow, Lauren, 2007, A new genus of scutigerid centipedes (Chilopoda) from Western Australia, with new characters for morphological phylogenetics of Scutigeromorpha, Zootaxa 1409, pp. 23-50 : 26-43

Pilbarascutigera incola ( Verhoeff, 1925) new comb.

Figs. 2–63

Allothereua incola Verhoeff, 1925: 18 –19, pl. 1, figs. 1, 8.

Types: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Broome: Ψ, ɗ, juvenile ɗ, in alcohol apart from slide mounts of parts of Ψ; Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm.

Other material: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Pilbara . Collected by pitfall where range of dates is indicated. Department of Environment and Conservation Pilbara Survey except where other collectors indicated; numbers prefixed by ‘T’ = WAM. T57730, ɗ, Barrow Island, NW of Town Point, 20°47'18''S 115°27'43''E, leg. R. Teale, G. Harold, 18.xi.2003; T57731, ɗ, Barrow Island, terminal tanks, 20°47'24''S 115°27'22''E, leg. R. Teale, G. Harold, 18.ii.2003; T69857, 4 ΨΨ, ɗ, Bungaroo, 26.9 km S of Pannawonica, 21°49'08''S 116°17'59''E, leg. Z. Hamilton, 14–20.iii.2005; T69858, 6ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, T75216, Ψ, Waramboo, 50.5 km W of Pannawonica, 21°40'00''S 115°50'06''E, leg. D. Kamien, 14–20.iii.2005; T69859, 3 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, Waramboo, 50.9 km W of Pannawonica, 21°40'09''S 115°49'54''E, leg. D. Kamien, 14–20.iii.2005; T69861–69867, Dampier Salt Biological, leg. D. Kamien, Z. Hamilton: T69861, 3 ΨΨ, 3.7 km WSW of Karratha, 20°46'02.6''S 116°42'53''E, 27.x.–2.xi.2005; T69862, 2 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, 19.8 km WSW of Karratha, 20°48'09.6''S 116°39'55''E, 28.x.–3.xi.2005; T69863, ɗ, 13.7 km WSW of Karratha, 20°46'02.6''S 116°42'53''E, 27.x.– 2.xi.2005; T69864, 2 ΨΨ, ɗ, 18.0 km WSW of Karratha, 20°47'43.1''S 116°40'51''E, 27.x.–2.xi.2005; T69865, ɗ, 13.7 km WSW of Karratha, 20°46'02.6''S 116°42'53''E, 27.x.–2.xi.2005; T69866, Ψ, 15.3 km WSW of Karratha, 20°46'36.7''S 116°42'05''E, 27.x.–2.xi.2005; T69867, Ψ, ɗ, 17.4 km WSW of Karratha, 20°47'21.9''S 116°41'03''E, 27.x.–2.xi.2005; T69869, Ψ, Exmouth Gulf (Straits Saltfield), 30 km NW of Yanrey Hmst, 22°21'36''S 114°31'12''E, leg. R. Teale, 17–26.viii.2004; T76419, 5 ΨΨ, ɗ, Nullagine River, N of Nullagine, 21°46'13''S 120°05'31''E, 5.viii.–17.xi.2003; T76420–T76422, Millstream NP: T76420, 5 ΨΨ, 4 ɗɗ, 21°32'48''S 117°03'33''E, 15.vii.–23.xi.2003; T76421, 3 ΨΨ, 4 ɗɗ, 21°32'25''S 117°03'25''E, 23.xi.2003 – 8.v.2004; T76422, 9 ɗɗ, 21°18'37''S 117°16'35''E, 16.vii.–23.xi.2003; T76423, 4 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, Coolawanyah Stn, SW of hmst, 21°50'00''S 117°36'39''E, 6.v.–11.x.2004; T76424, Ψ, ɗ, Cane River Reserve, 22°11'19''S 115°33'13''E, 27.ix.–27.xi.2003; T76425, 30 ΨΨ, 7 ɗɗ, Mt Stuart Stn, E of hmst, 22°25'48''S 116°16'47''E, 26.xi.2003 – 2.v.2004; T76426, T76427, Mt Stuart Stn, NE of hmst: T76426, 26 ΨΨ, 6 ɗɗ, 22°24'29''S 116°22'29''E, 26.xi.2003 – 2.v.2004; T76427, 2 ΨΨ, 22°25'30''S 116°25'57''E, 26.xi.2003 – 1.v.2004; T76428, T76429, Hamersley Range, SE of Mt Lockyer, 22°32'09''S 118°59'31''E: T76428, 9 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, 30.xi.2003 – 22.v.2004; T76429, 5 ΨΨ, 8 ɗɗ, 22.v.–19.x.2004; T76430, 5 ΨΨ, Ophthalmia Range, Giles Point, 23°15'03''S 119°08'41''E, 20.xi.2003 – 25.v.2004; T76431, 2 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, Hamersley Range, NE of Mt Robinson, 23°03'14''S 119°03'37''E, 1.ix.–19.xi.2003; T76432, 14 ΨΨ, 8 ɗɗ, Marillana Stn, Weeli Wolli Creek, 22°51'08''S 119°15'54''E, 31.viii.–19.xi.2003; T76433, 8 ΨΨ, 5 ɗɗ, Mundabullanga Stn, NE of hmst, 20°25'49''S 118°03'50''E, 14.xi.2003 – 12.v.2004; T76435, 3 ΨΨ, 4 ɗɗ, 1 indet., Macroy Stn, E of Mt Negri, 20°50'55''S 117°51'16''E, 11.vii.–13.xi.2003; T76436, 13 ΨΨ, 5 ɗɗ, Mardie Stn, NW of hmst, 21°03'56''S 116°09'02''E, 28.xi.2003 – 11.v.2004; T76595, T76596, crown land reserve, SE of Dampier, 20°46'05''S 116°50'31''E: T76595, 16 ΨΨ, 6 ɗɗ, undet. juvs., 12.xi.2003 – 10.v.2004; T76596, Ψ, 10.v.–2.x.2004; T76597–T76599, crown land reserve, NW of Mt Prinsep, 20°46'18''S 116°50'59''E: T76597, 56 ΨΨ, 53 ɗɗ, 3 indet., 12.xi.2003 – 10.v.2004; T76598, 12 ΨΨ, 9 ɗɗ, 1.vii.–12.xi.2003; T76599, 4 ΨΨ, 10 ɗɗ, 1 undet., 10.v.– 2.x.2004; T76600, Ψ, crown land reserve, NE of Mt Prinsep, 20°47'40''S 116°51'24''E, 10.v.–3.x.2004: T76601, T76602, Mt Welcome Stn, W of Mt Roe, 20°56'24''S 117°02'05''E, 10.v.–3.x.2004: T76601, 5 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ; T76602, 3 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ; T76606, T76607, Mt Welcome Stn, E of Mt Roe, 20°56'04''S 117°06'54''E, 12.xi.2003 – 9.v.2004: T76606, Ψ, ɗ; T76607, 3 ΨΨ, ɗ; T76610, 2 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, Mt Welcome Stn, W of Mt Roe, 20°48'29''S 117°04'21''E, 5.vii.–12.xi.2003; T76003, T76005, water reserve, W of Cooya Pooya, 21°02'11''S 117°06'22''E: T76603, 7 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, undet. juv., 12.xi.2003 – 10.v.2004; T76605, ɗ, 2.vii.–12.xi.2003; T76008, T76009, Mt Welcome Stn, W of Mt Gregory, 20°51'09''S 117°05'45''E: T76608, Ψ, ɗ, 12.xi.2003 – 9.v.2004; T76609, Ψ, 2 ɗɗ, 9.v.–3.x.2004; T76611–T76613, Mt Welcome Stn, W of Roebourne: T76611, 4 ΨΨ, 4 ɗɗ, 20°48'29''S 117°04'21''E, 6.x.2004 – 23.v.2005; T76612, ɗ, 20°44'11''S 117°05'56''E, 6.vii.–13.xi.2003; T76613, Ψ, 5 ɗɗ, 20°41'18''S 117°00'25''E, 6.vii.–13.xi.2003; T76614, T76615, Mundabullangana Stn, NE of hmst, 8.vii.–14.xi.2003; T76614, Ψ, 20°25'49''S 118°03'50''E; T76615, Ψ, 20°25'43''S 118°03'42''E; T76616, ɗ, Mundabullangana Stn, N of hmst, 20°28'49''S 118°02'26E, 12.v.–2.x.2004; T76617, 3 ΨΨ, 11 ɗɗ, 2 undet. juv., Macroy Stn, E of Mt Negri, 20°50'56''S 117°51'16''E, 13.v.–3.x.2004; T76618, Ψ, Mundabullangana Stn, SW of hmst, 20°52'12''S 117°51'32E, 13.v.–3.x.2004; T76620, Ψ, crown land res., NW of Mt Wilkie, 20°50'41''S 116°22'03E, 23.ix.–28.xi.2003; T76621, Ψ, Karratha Stn, N of hmst, 20°52'34''S 116°38'50E, 5.x.2004 – 20.v.2005; T76622, 5 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, SW of Mt Regal, 20°51'14''S 116°40'08''E, 22.ix.–28.xi.2003; T76624, T76625, Mardie Stn, Eramurra Creek, 21°03'43''S 116°15'54''E; T76624, 5 ΨΨ, 6 ɗɗ, 24.ix.– 27.xi.2003; T76625, 25 ΨΨ, 21 ɗɗ, 4 indet., 11.v.–4.x.2004; T76627, ɗ, Mardie Stn, NW of hmst, 21°03'56''S 116°09'02''E, 24.ix.–28.xi.2003; T76630, T76631, Meentheena Stn, NW of hmst, 21°14'46''S 120°32'21''E: T76630, 5 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, 16.xi.2003 – 18.v.2004; T76631, 4 ΨΨ, 8 ɗɗ, 2 undet. juv., 18.v.– 13.x.2004; T76632–T76634, uncleared CALM land, W of Yigalong Ck, 21°20'01''S 120°45'08''E: T76632, 2 ɗɗ, 31.vii.–16.xi.2003; T76633, 2 ΨΨ, 16.xi.2003 – 18.v.2004; T76634, Ψ, 18.v.–13.x.2004; T76635, T76636, Warrawagine Stn, near Pulgorah Cone, 21°19'19''S 121°00'08''E: T76635, 4 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, 30.vii.–16.xi.2003; T76636, 4 ΨΨ, ɗ, 16.xi.2003 – 17.v.2004; T76638, 5 ΨΨ, Bonney Downs Stn, NW of hmst, 21°58'46''S 120°13'27''E, 18.xi.2003 – 28.viii.2004; T76640, 2 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, Bonney Downs Stn, NE of hmst, 21°56'52''S 120°11'39''E, 20.v.–19.x.2004; T76642, 3 ɗɗ, Corruna Downs Stn, E of hmst, 21°28'48''S 120°05'27''E, 19.v.–20.x.2004; T76644, T76649, Coolawanyah Stn, SW of hmst: T76644, ɗ, 21°52'56''S 117°47'40''E, 6.v.– 13.x.2004; T76649, Ψ, 21°50'00''S 117°36'39''E, 5.ix.–25.xi.2003; T76645, T76646, Mt Florance Stn, NW of hmst, 21°47'12''S 117°51'44''E: T76645, Ψ, 2 ɗɗ, 3.ix.–24.xi.2003; T76646, 2 ΨΨ, 5.v.–10.x.2004; T76647, T76648, Coolawanyah Stn, Chichester Range: T76647, Ψ, 21°45'59''S 117°49'31''E, 4.ix.–24.xi.2003; T76648, Ψ, ɗ, 21°42'51''S 117°46'32''E, 5.v.–11.x.2004; T76653–T76659, T76664, T76666–T76671, Millstream Chichester NP: T76653, ɗ, 21°20'23''S 117°15'36''E, 23.xi.2003 – 8.v.2004; T76654, T76655, 21°19'41''S 117°14'35''E: T76654, 2 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, 16.vii.–23.xi.2003; T76655, Ψ, 4 ɗɗ, 23.xi.2003 – 8.v.2004; T76656–T76658, 21°20'29''S 117°11'19''E; T76656, 2 ΨΨ, 17.vii.–23.xi.2003; T76657, 2 ΨΨ, 23.xi.2003 – 8.v.2004; T76658, 2 ΨΨ, 5 ɗɗ, 8.v.–13.x.2004; T76659, Ψ, 3 ɗɗ, 21°20'29''S 117°11'19''E, 13.x.2004 – 12.v.2005; T76664, 9 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, 21°32'48''S 117°03'33''E, 23.xi.2003 – 8.v.2004; T76666, 3 ɗɗ, 21°32'25''S 117°03'25''E, 8.v.–11.x.2004; T76667–T76669, 21°23'03''S 117°03'38''E: T76667, 4 ΨΨ, 18.vii.–23.xi.2003; T76668, 9 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, 23.xi.2003 – 7.v.2004; T76669, 2 ΨΨ, ɗ, 7.v.–11.x.2004; T76670, T76671, 21°18'37''S 117°16'35''E: T76670, 2 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, 23.xi.2003 – 8.v.2004; T76671, 3 ΨΨ, 10 ɗɗ, 8.v.–11.x.2004; T76673, T76674, T76676–T76678, Hamersley Range, SE of Mt Robinson: T76673, Ψ, 23°11'07''S 119°14'17''E, 30.viii.–20.xi.2003; T76674, 3 ΨΨ, 5 ɗɗ, 23°08'46''S 119°15'57''E, 2.ix.–20.xi.2003; T76676, 2 ɗɗ, 23°06'12''S 119°02'20''E, 2.ix.–20.xi.2003; T76678, ɗ, 23°03'14''S 119°10'37''E, 25.v.–16.x.2004; T76680, Ψ, 5 ɗɗ, Marillana Stn, Weeli Wolli Creek, 22°51'08''S 119°15'54''E, 24.v.–16.x.2004; T76684, 4 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, Hamersley Range, SE of Mt Lockyer, 23°32'06''S 118°58'38''E, 11.viii.–20.xi.2003; T76685, 4 ΨΨ, 5 ɗɗ, Mulga-Downs Stn, near Outcamp, 22°20'05''S 118°59'19''E, 21.xi. 2003 – 24.v.2004; T76687, 3 ΨΨ, ɗ, Mulga- Downs Stn, NW of hmst, 22°04'08''S 118°58'43''E, 23.v.–29.x.2004; T76688, 8 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, 2 undet. juv., Mulga-Downs Stn, SW of hmst, 22°08'05''S 119°01'27''E, 21.xi. 2003 – 23.v.2004; T76691–T76696, T76702, Mt Stuart Stn: T76691, 6 ΨΨ, 5 ɗɗ, SE of hmst, 23°24'17''S 116°08'54''E, 2.v.–7.x.2004; T76692, Ψ, ɗ, SE of hmst, 23°34'17''S 116°08'54''E, 2.v.–7.x.2004; T76693, Ψ, 2 ɗɗ, NW of hmst, 22°25'09''S 115°50'16''E, 3.v.– 7.x.2004; T76694, 7 ΨΨ, 7 ɗɗ, NE of hmst, 23°25'31''S 116°12'55''E, 1.v.–10.x.2004; T76695, 4 ΨΨ, ɗ, NE of hmst, 22°26'15''S 116°16'27''E, 1.v.–10.x.2004; T76696, 2 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, E of hmst, 22°25'48''S 116°16'47''E, 9.ix.–26.xi.2003; T76702, Ψ, 5 ɗɗ, E of hmst, 22°25'48''S 116°16'47''E, 2.v.–10.x.2004; T76704, ɗ, Cane River Reserve, 22°06'15''S 115°34'04''E, 3.ix.–27.xi.2003; T76706, 4 ΨΨ, ɗ, Cane River Reserve, 22°07'12''S 115°34'12''E, 27.xi.2003 – 30.iv.2004; T76798, Ψ, Cane River Reserve, 22°10'11''S 115°32'39''E, 30.iv.– 30.ix.2004; T76709, T76710, Cane River Reserve, 22°11'36''S 115°33'13''E: T76709, 3 ΨΨ, 28.ix.– 27.xi.2003; T76710, 2 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, 29.iv.–30.ix.2004; T76712–76714, Nanutarra Stn, NE of hmst: T76712, Ψ, 5 ɗɗ, 22°27'50''S 115°38'04''E, 1.v.–1.x.2004; T76713, Ψ, 29.ix.–26.xi.2003; T76714, ɗ, 22°27'08''S 115°39'41''E, 1.v.–1.x.2004; T76719, ɗ, Cape Preston, site 2, 21 °00'55''S 116°11'32''E, 10–25.iv.2000; T76734, ɗ, Ophthalmia Range, Giles Point, 23°15'03''S 119°08'41''E, 25.v.–16.x.2004; AM KS 92757, Ψ, Juna Downs Stn, Great Northern Hwy, approx. 8 km S of Kanijini Dr turnoff, 22°41'36''S 118°42'19''E, CVA volunteers, 23–28.ix.2005; AM KS 92758, Ψ, Hamersley Stn, Pindering paddock, 22°24'28''S 117°50'07''E, leg. S. Lassau, M. Elliott, L. Kampen, M. Bulbert, 14–22.iv.2005; AM KS 92759, Ψ, Hamersley Stn, Pindering paddock, 22°20'50''S 117°48'59''E, leg. S. Lassau, M. Elliott, L. Kampen, M. Bulbert, 14–22.iv.2005; AM KS 97166, 97167, 2 ΨΨ, Roebourne-Wittenoom Rd, 14.9 km S of Tom Price Rwy Rd junction, 21°31'58.6''S 117°10'48.5''E, leg. M. Bulbert, J. Gollan, S. Ginn, G. Brown, 21–31.v.2006; AM KS 97168, ɗ, Nanutarra- Wittenoom Rd, 119.6 km W of Paraburdoo-Tom Price Rd junction, 22°41'28.5''S 116°18'49.2''E, leg. M. Bulbert, J. Gollan, S. Ginn, G. Brown, 22.v.–1.vi.2006.

Description: Length up to 31 mm in males, 28 mm in females.

Colour: Head capsule typically orange-brown with radiating dark brown network covering most or all of dorsal side of head behind sutures; some populations with rather uniformly orange head capsule, radiating network of darker pigment confined to posterolateral part of head; tergal plates with yellowish-orange, bright orange or pale tan medial band with diffuse dark brown, blackish or orange-brown pigment that becomes more concentrated as a pair of longitudinal bands on more posterior segments; stoma saddles generally orange-yellow or pale tan/whitish, often with diffuse blackish, red-brown or reddish pigment; lateral flanks of tergal plates pale orange, each side with a variably strong mottled longitudinal band of blackish, dark brown or reddish-brown pigment. Legs pale to moderate orange, sometimes yellow, usually without significant concentric banding, rarely with well defined bluish bands on femur, tibia, and basal article of tarsus I. Sternites yellow-orange in anterior segments, more intensely orange in posterior segments.

Head capsule: Anterior projection of sutures short, triangular, pointing straight anteriorly ( Fig. 21 ). Posteromedian impression moderately deep. Antenna 1.2–1.5 times body length. First flagellum with 56–124 articles apart from specimens in which node is undifferentiated with extreme asymmetry (e.g., 65/173 or 174/ 78 articles) between left and right antennae, mean 75 articles (N=84, specimens> 14 mm body length); asymmetry between numbers of articles in first flagellum on each side of a specimen usually less than 10 articles, ranging to 26; ring-like articles with two or three whorls of densely arranged hairs with a flattened section and gentle curvature ( Fig. 19 ) and a few trichoid setae in a single whorl encircling distal end of article ( Fig. 20 ); hairs on distal part of second flagellum in either one or two whorls per article, these differing whorl numbers typically on alternating articles. Tömösváry organ small, in typical position between eye and base of antenna ( Fig. 27 ); median pore encircled by a few rings of small swellings.

Epipharynx: Lateral bar of labral trapezoid with narrow longitudinal groove along whole length of bar ( Fig. 7 ). Labral bristles differentiated into narrow outer band of short, pectinate bristles and wider inner band of longer simple bristles ( Fig. 6 ). Two clusters of sensilla along midline of labral trapezoid: more distal unpaired, transverse group of a few dozen bottle-shaped sensilla ( Fig. 9 ) at termination of median ridge ( Fig. 7 ), and proximal cluster composed of three aggregations of sensilla at proximal sclerotized bulge ( Fig. 10 ); proximal aggregations comprise a lateral pair of groups of mostly bottle-shaped sensilla and a few buttonshaped sensilla ( Fig. 11 ), and slightly distal to the lateral aggregations a median side-by-side pair of buttonshaped sensilla. Chevron-shaped spine row of triangular and distally-curved denticles at border between labral and clypeal part of epipharynx ( Fig. 12 ); immediately proximal to spine row is dense median field of pectinate spines composed of broadly rhomboid distal portion with pectinate spines and narrow, subparallel-sided proximal portion ( Fig. 13 ) with multifurcating spines. Broadly ovate cluster of nipple-and bottle-shaped sensilla on medial part of clypeal triangle ( Fig. 14 ), a short distance behind dense field of branching spines ( Fig. 13 ); ovate groupings of about 10 nipple-shaped sensilla form pair of lateral clusters set in weak depression at a level of about midlength of dense median spine field. Pair of lateral spine fields ( Fig. 15 ) proximal to lateral clusters of sensilla within clypeal part of epipharynx; spines uniformly slender, elongate; a few pores of apparently epidermal glands in spine field. Median transverse band of six or seven spines, some bifid, immediately in front of mouth.

Hypopharynx: Elongate, deeply projecting into preoral chamber ( Fig. 17 ). Bars of lateral sclerotised fork with lateral bulges. Median excavation on proximal part of frontal surface bordered laterally by flattened bipectinate bristles ( Fig. 16 ); pectinate bristles form in addition a few rows on distal part of hypopharynx ( Fig. 18 ). Paramedial rows of button-like sensilla on tip of tongue, each sensillum with an ovate rim that is in turn enclosed by an incomplete, horseshoe-shaped rim ( Fig. 18 , inset). Cluster of sensilla-like structures in front of mouth between median excavation and converging flattened bars of proximal fork with more or less rhomboid arrangement.

Mandible: About 20 pectinate lamellae in large specimens ( Fig. 22 ); individual spines at tips of pectinate lamellae with ridge on inner side and many small, blunt marginal serrations. Three teeth, each with three cusps, surface smooth ( Fig. 24 ). Narrow fringe of pectinate bristles along dorsal half of pectinate lamellae and against teeth; each bristle with many short lateral branches along all but terminal part ( Fig. 23 ). Haarpolster has narrow molar plate along most of its length ( Figs. 25, 26 ); surface of molar plate composed of about six dense spine rows. Haarpolster bristles arranged in numerous imbricated bands of pectinate bristles.

First maxilla: Dense field of brush-like setae on inner margin of distal article of telopodite with typical scutigeromorph structure (basal half smooth, distal half with many short back-curved spines: Fig. 28 ). Coxal process with short, simple setae evenly scattered over its ventral surface.

Second maxilla: Typical scutigerid arrangement of elongate spine bristles at distal ends of podomeres (dorsal and ventral spine bristles on prefemur; four spine bristles on femur; two dorsal spine bristles on tibia: Figs. 29–31 ). All spine bristles with similar surface details, spiniform scales, short proximally, becoming more elongate distally ( Fig. 32 ) to confer a ridged or fluted surface to distal third of spine bristle. Tarsus densely setose, with slender, distally curved, setiform spines between longer trichoid setae at tip ( Fig. 33 ).

Maxillipede: Four spine bristles on anterior margin of coxa about equal in length to coxa ( Fig. 36 ); surface ornament of spine bristles similar to those on second maxilla. Spine comb (Dornenkamm of Borucki 1996) along inner side of tarsus ( Fig. 34 ); spines twisted distally, terminating in a rounded bulb ( Fig. 35 ). Poison calyx cylindrical; poison duct extending to base of tarsus.

Tergal plates: Outlines as shown in Fig. 2 . Stoma saddles weakly inflated. Spiracles relatively short ( Fig. 41 ). Spines first appear on T 3 in most specimens, exceptionally T2, in which case they are few and confined to the lateral part of the tergal plate or include one to three spines on stoma saddle; spines consistently paired with a Stachelborste or, more commonly, a Tastborste; pairing of spine and Stachelborste most common on anteromedian part of TT3–4, with more posterior parts of those plates having spines paired with Tastborsten; consistent pairing of Tastborste and spine on TT5–8 ( Fig. 44 ); Tastborsten generally slightly longer than their associated spine. Numerous isolated Tastborsten (not associated with spines) on tergal plates ( Fig. 40 ). TT4–7 with more or less even distribution of spines/Tastborsten on medial and lateral parts of tergal plate as well as on stoma saddles ( Fig. 41 ). Spines usually first appear on stoma saddle of T3 or T4, sometimes on T5, rarely on T2 stoma saddle; number of spines on stoma saddles as shown in Table 1 . Spicula small, triangular, each separated by several polygonal scales that lack spicula ( Fig. 43 ), in some specimens spicula weaker on medial than lateral parts of tergal plates. Margins of TT1 and 2 with alternating Tastborsten and Stachelborsten; spines fringe margin from posterior ½–2/3 of T3– or T4–T8; marginal spines quite varied in size, from small to moderately large, each spine paired with a Tastborste ( Fig. 43 ).

Legs: Tarsus I and II segmentation as shown in Tables 2 and 3. Leg 15 with up to 359 tarsomeres. Prefemoral spine bristles (“end spines”) 2/1 on legs 1–14, 1/1 on leg 15. Femoral spine bristles 1/2 on all legs. Tibial spine bristles 0/1 on leg 1, 1/1 or ½ on leg 2 (posterior ventral spine bristle short when present), consistently ½ from leg 3, posterior ventral spine bristle becoming about as long as anterior ventral spine bristle ( Fig. 49 ) from leg 5. Spine rows on prefemur ( Fig. 47 ), femur ( Fig. 48 ) and tibia consistently with spine/Tastborste pairing. Basal article of tarsus 1 with spines (single distal posterior spine) first appearing on legs 3–6, irregularly increasing on more posterior legs to maximum of 8–16 spines in longitudinal posterior row in leg 14 ( Fig. 50 ); numbers on each leg variable (e.g., leg 8 with 3–7 spines in longitudinal posterior row).

Tarsus II of legs 1–14 with tarsal papillae (Tarsalzapfen) on successive segments excepting first and last few segments on each leg; papillae usually paired, exceptionally arranged as two pairs per segment ( Fig. 51 ). Cluster of setae on ventrolateral side of tarsi II arranged in two or three transverse bands of three or four setae per band ( Fig. 52 ). Resilient sole hairs (federnden Sohlenhaare of Verhoeff 1904b) originating near posteromedial edge of tarsal papilla, extending to about half length of the succeeding segment.

Sternites: Posterior margin with gentle to moderate concavity medially, on each side of a posteriorly-convex extent. Longitudinal median furrow in anterior half or more of sternites; sternites scattered with setae except for on posterior part of anterior segments; margin fringed by many short setae; sternal setae finer on more posterior segments, which bear minute multifurcating spinulae (Haardörchen of Verhoeff) and scattered Tastborsten.

Female: Gonopod with maximum length 1.7–2.5 times maximum width (ratio A/B of Würmli 1973, fig. 1); longitudinal median suture in proarthron complete. Lateral margins of proarthron gently divergent posteriorly ( Fig. 61 ), nearly parallel sided ( Fig. 62 ), or gently convergent posteriorly ( Fig. 63 ). Subtriangular depression (Grube of Verhoeff) on proarthron shallow, bearing at most just a few short setae ( Fig. 56 ). Proarthron 1.0–1.45 times length of mesarthron (ratio C/D of Würmli 1973). Coarsest setae on proarthron slightly thicker than those on mesarthron apart from cluster at distomedial corner of mesarthron, this cluster usually composed of 10–15 setae ( Fig. 57 ). Sinus between mesarthron usually broadly parabolic, its apex typically weakly pointed but sometimes distinctly pointed ( Fig. 61 ) or, less commonly, approximately transverse ( Fig. 63 ); width of mesarthron 0.5–0.8 maximum width of sinus (ratio F/G of Würmli 1973). Mesarthron with numerous sensilla (apparently sensilla coeloconica; cf. Ernst & Rosenberg 2003) between its setae, including conical sensilla ( Fig. 58 , inset); sensilla surrounded by narrow, circular rim. Proarthron + mesarthron 1.0–1.7 times length of metarthron (ratio C+D/E of Würmli 1973). Outer margin of metarthron nearly straight for much of its length. Ventral surface of metarthron scattered with small, blunt sensilla coeloconica ( Fig. 59 ); single row of sensilla coeloconica along outer margin of metarthron; a few setae on dorsal side of metarthron. Subanal plate drop-shaped, maximum height slightly more than half its length, with blunt, rounded distal end and nearly symmetrical dorsal and ventral margins ( Fig. 53 ); smooth, non-setose band along middle of subanal plate in its posterior half to two-thirds ( Fig. 54 ); setae of varied size on outer surface of subanal plate, predominantly slender subspiniform setae and short, conical, spiniform setae, between which are slender, curved hairs ( Fig. 55 ); setation becoming coarser posteroventrally, with spiniform setae concentrated on posterior third of subanal plate. Telson elongate triangular with rounded posterior apex in both sexes, bearing abundant setae and slender, curved hairs as on subanal plate.

Male: Typically scutigerid gonopod styles on first and second genital segment ( Fig. 60 ); both pairs of gonopods densely covered with setae; terminal part with short, spiniform setae between longer setae. Subanal plate with parabolic outline, relatively shorter than in female, non-setose band along its length at midwidth.

Discussion: The large sample size allowed recognition that several characters that differ between many Pilbara specimens and the types of Pilbarascutigera incola also vary within populations. This is most notable with respect to how far anteriorly unpaired spines first appear on the tergal plates, with spines generally but inconsistently appearing on more anterior plates in Pilbara specimens. The types of P. i n c o l a have Stachelborsten but not spines on TT1–3; T4 has Stachelborsten on the midline and stoma saddles but lacks spines on those regions, although a few spines are paired with longer Stachelborsten laterally; T5 has the spines paired with Tastborsten or some of the spines paired with Stachelborsten; TT6 and 7 have the spines paired with Tastborsten. Most Pilbara specimens have the first appearance of a Tastborste/spine pairing on T3 rather than on T5, and usually have spines developed in rows along the midline and on the stoma saddles of TT3 and 4. However, Pilbara specimens include those with no spines on the midline or stoma saddle of T4, as in the types of P. i n c o l a, and the first appearance of the spine/bristle pairing on the midline and stoma saddles ranges from TT3 to 5 even within single populations. Concerning variability in spine numbers on the stoma saddles, 15 maturus stage specimens from northwest of Mt Prinsep near Karratha (WAM T76597) have 0–3 spines on the saddles of T2, 4–12 spines on the saddles of T3, 7–18 spines on T4, 12–24 spines on T5, 15–25 spines on T6, and 10–24 spines on T7.

Variability is shown across the Pilbara with respect to whether slender Stachelborsten are present on TT1 and 2 (more pigmented and distinctly thicker than the Tastborsten on those plates) or more robust Stachelborsten, but this variation intergrades within and between samples. Pigmentation is variable, notably with respect to the degree to which dark longitudinal bands are developed on the tergal plates, the head has a dark mottled network, and red pigmentation is observed on the stoma saddles (see Figs. 3 and 4 for typical orange-brown versus more uniformly orange specimens). Exceptionally specimens with bands on the legs are observed in samples that otherwise lack distinct bands, and the banded specimens are otherwise typical of the species. Female gonopod proportions are variable at all localities, notably with respect to the shape of the inner margin of the mesarthron and the orientation of the lateral margin of the pro- and mesarthron, and the intergradation between specimens does not provide a basis for identifying more than a single species. The considerable degree of variability in the number of tarsal segments (see Tables 2 and 3), even within populations, is consistent with previous criticism of the taxonomic value of this character (Muraleviĕ 1910; Chamberlin 1920), in contrast to the works of Verhoeff, who employed rather narrow tarsal segment counts even at the generic level. The data in tables 1–3, as well as counts of antennal segmentation, were restricted to specimens that represent the pseudomaturus and maturus stages of Verhoeff (1904b). Antennal and tarsal segmentation show a general pattern of increased segmentation with size, though much less consistently than was the case for the few specimens of Scutigera coleoptrata and Podothereua insularum recorded by Verhoeff (Verhoeff 1902 – 1925); most of the range of variation is observed within the maturus stage, as was likewise observed by Murakami (1959) in Thereuopoda clunifera .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). WAM T 75216, female. Body length 28 mm.

FIGURES 3 – 4. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). Pigmentation of head and T 1. 3, WAM T 75216, female; 4, WAM T 69865, male. Scales 100 μm.

FIGURES 5 – 12. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). WAM T 69858, female. 5, ventral view of epipharynx, scale 100 μm; 6, labral bristles, scale 3 μm; 7, labral trapezoid, scale 30 μm; 8, simple spines on labral trapezoid, scale 10 μm; 9, bottle-shaped sensilla in distal cluster on labral trapezoid, scale 3 μm; 10, 11, proximal sensilla clusters on labral trapezoid, scales 3 μm; 12, chevron-shaped row of spines at border between labral and clypeal parts of epipharynx, scale 4 μm.

FIGURES 13 – 20. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). 13, 14, 16 – 18, WAM T 69858, female. 13, field of branching spines on clypeal part of epipharynx, scale 10 μm; 14, cluster of sensilla on medial clypeal part of epipharynx, scale 2 μm; 16, branching bristles beside median excavation on hypopharynx, scale 6 μm; 17, 18, lateral and distal views of hypopharynx, scales 30 μm, 60 μm; inset shows sensilla on distal tip, scale 1 μm. 15, 19, 20, WAM T 69862, female. 15, lateral cluster of spines on clypeal part of epipharynx, scale 20 μm; 19, distal part of first flagellum of antenna, scale 20 μm; 20, hairs and a single trichoid seta on two articles from proximal part of second antennal flagellum, scale 10 μm.

FIGURES 21 – 28. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). WAM T 69858, female, except 21, 27, WAM T 69859, male. 21, cephalic sutures, scale 100 μm; 22 – 26, mandible. 22, gnathal edge, scale 30 μm; 23, fringe of pectinate bristles, scale 3 μm; 24, mandibular teeth, scale 10 μm; 25, 26, Haarpolster, with molar plate (m. p.), scales 10 μm; 27, eye and Tömösváry organ (T. O.), scale 20 μm; 28, brush-like setae on inner margin of distal article of telopodite of first maxilla, scale 4 μm.

FIGURES 29 – 36. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). WAM T 69858, female, except 36, WAM T 69859, male. 29 – 33, second maxilla. 29, scale 100 μm; 30, trochanter, prefemur and femur, scale 100 μm; 31, tibial spine bristles, scale 20 μm; 32, detail of a femoral spine bristle, scale 10 μm; 33, distal end of tarsus, scale 10 μm. 34, maxillipede tarsus and pretarsus, showing spine comb (s. c.), scale 100 μm; 35, detail of spine comb, scale 10 μm; 36, maxillipedes, scale 200 μm.

FIGURES 37 – 44. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). Tergal prominences. 37, 38, 44, WAM T 69858, female. 37, Tastborsten on lateral part of T 1, scale 10 μm; 38, isolated Tastborste on T 1, scale 2 μm; 44, spine and Tastborste on T 7, scale 3 μm. 39 – 43, WAM T 69859, male. 39, lateral part of T 3, scale 30 μm; 40, medial part of T 5, scale 20 μm; 41, T 6, scale 100 μm; 42, medial part of T 6, showing spines (s), Tastborsten (T) and spicula (sc), scale 10 μm; 43, margin of T 6, scale 10 μm; 44, spine and Tastborste on T 7, scale 3 μm.

FIGURES 45 – 52. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). WAM T 69858, male. 45 – 50, leg 14, anterior side except 48, 50, posterior side. 45, scale 1 μm; 46, 47, prefemur, scales 30 μm, 20 μm; 48, tibia, scale 30 μm; 49, tibial spine bristles, scale 100 μm; 50, tarsus I, first article, scale 30 μm. 51, 52, leg 10, tarsus II, ventral view, showing resilient sole hairs (r. s. h.) and tarsal papillae (t. p.). 51, scale 10 μm; 52, scale 10 μm.

FIGURES 53 – 60. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). WAM T 69858, female, except 60, WAM T 69859, male. 53, subanal plate, scale 100 μm; 54, 55, setae and hairs on subanal plate, scales 20 μm; 56, syntelopodite of gonopod, showing depression, Grube (G), scale 40 μm; 57, distal end of mesarthron, scale 20 μm; 58, metarthron, scale 30 μm, inset shows sensillum coeloconica on mesarthron, scale 1 μm; 59, sensilla coeloconica on metarthron, scale 2 μm. 60, male gonopods, scale 30 μm.

FIGURES 61 – 63. Pilbarascutigera incola (Verhoeff, 1925). Female gonopods, scale for all 200 μm. 61, WAM T 69862; 62, WAM

Tables

TABLE 1. Number of spines on stoma saddle for TT 1 – 7. 64 specimens (128 stoma saddles) of body length> 14 mm examined from across geographic range of species. N refers to number of stoma saddles bearing spines.

Tergal plate	N Range	Mean
1	0 -	-
2	6 0–3	0.15
3	56 0–12	2.47
4	114 0–22	8.50
5	128 4–27	13.00
6	127 6–29	15.37
7	116 2–24	12.01

TABLE 2. Number of segments in tarsus I. N refers to number of legs.

Leg	N	Range	Mean
1	63	10–22	17.1
2	55	9–20	13.9
3	60	7–18	11.4
4	56	7–14	10.6
5	57	6–22	10.0
6	49	7–14	9.6
7	37	7–15	9.2
8	36	7–11	8.8
9	28	7–12	8.8
10	27	8–13	9.3
11	22	8–11	9.3
12	23	8–11	9.6
13	21	8–12	10.0
14	22	8–13	10.5