Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828

Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Ranawana, Kithsiri B., Hoferek, David & Š, V. A., 2016, Scorpions of Sri Lanka (Scorpiones Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) with description of four new species of the genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 and Reddyanus Vachon, 1972, stat n, Euscorpius 220, pp. 1-133 : 96

Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828

( Figs. 15 , 458–546 , 571–574 )

Buthus (Heterometrus) Ehrenberg in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828: pl. 1, figs 1–2 (part, only fig. 2); Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1829: 351.

Heterometrus: Kovařík, 2004: 1–60 , figs. 1–32 (complete reference and synonymy list until 2004); Kovařík, 2009: 34–49, 73–113, figs. 1–283.

TYPE SPECIES. Buthus (Heterometrus) spinifer Ehrenberg, 1828 , by subsequent designation ( Karsch, 1879: 20).

DIAGNOSIS: Total length 60–176 mm. Orthobothriotaxy type C. Pedipalp femur with three trichobothria, only one of which resides on internal surface. Pedipalp patella with 19 trichobothria, 3 ventral, and 13 external. Chela of pedipalp with 26 trichobothria. Retrolateral pedal spurs absent. Lateroapical margins of tarsi produced into rounded lobes. Metasomal segments I–IV with paired ventral submedian carinae. Stridulatory organ located on opposing surfaces of pedipalp coxa and first leg.

DISTRIBUTION. Oriental region from India to Indonesia.

Figures

Figures 12–15: Maps showing the known geographical distribution of the Sri Lankan species.

Figures 458–461: Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE. Figures 458–459. Male in dorsal (458) and ventral (459) views. Figures 460–461. Female, dorsal (460) and ventral (461) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 462–469: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 462, 464. Male from locality 15CE, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I– II (462), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (464). Figures 463, 465. Female from locality 15CJ, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (463), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (465). 466–468. Male from locality 15CJ, tarsomeres of third (466) and fourth (467) legs retroventral views, and telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view (468). Figure 469. Female from locality 15CJ, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view.

Figures 470–475: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 470–472. Male 105 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal (470), external (471) and ventral (472) views. Figure 473. Female from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 474. Male 106 mm long from locality 15CJ, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 475. Male 77 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view.

Figures 476–479: Right hemispermatophore of Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE. External (476), dorsal (477), internal (478) and ventral (479) views. Scale bar: 2 mm. Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dl, distal lamina; dtdl, dorsal trough of distal lamina; h, hook; ml, median lobe; mtt, median transverse trough; pl, proximal lobe; t, trunk.

Figures 480–481: Heterometrus gravimanus, male (480) and female (481) at locality 15CE.

Figures 482–485: Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA. Figures 482–483. Male in dorsal (482) and ventral (483) views. Figures 484–485. Female, dorsal (484) and ventral (485) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 486–489: Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA. Figures 486, 488. Male, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (486), and sternopectinal region (488). Figures 487, 489. Female, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (487), and sternopectinal region (489).

Figures 490–493: Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA. Figure 490. Male, metasoma and telson, lateral view. Figures 491–493. Female, metasoma and telson, lateral (491), ventral (492), and dorsal (493) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 494–499: Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA. Figures 494, 496–499. Male, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view (494), chelicera dorsal (496) and ventral (497) views, and tarsomeres of third (498) and fourth (499) legs retroventral views. Figure 495. Female, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view.

Figures 500–501: Heterometrus indus, female (500) and male (501) at locality 15CA.

Figures 502–503: Heterometrus indus, female from Peradeniya with newborns (502) and with juveniles after first ecdysis (503).

Figures 504–511: Pedipalp chela. Figures 504–507: Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA, pedipalp chela dorsal (504) view of female, and pedipalp chela dorsal (505), external (506) and ventral (507) views of male. Figures 508–511: Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP, pedipalp chela dorsal (508) view of female, and pedipalp chela dorsal (509), external (510) and ventral (511) views of male.

Figures 512–515: Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP. Figures 512–513. Male in dorsal (512) and ventral (513) views. Figures 514–515. Female, dorsal (514) and ventral (515) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 516–519: Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP. Figures 516, 518. Male, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (516), and sternopectinal region (518). Figures 517, 519. Female, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (517), and sternopectinal region (519).

Figures 520–525: Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP. Figures 520–522. Male, metasoma and telson, lateral (520), ventral (521), and dorsal (522) views. Figures 523–525. Female, metasoma and telson, lateral (523), ventral (524), and dorsal (525) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 526–529: Heterometrus serratus, female from locality 15CP, tarsomeres of legs I–IV, ventral view.

Figures 530–534: Heterometrus serratus. Figures 530–533. Juvenile from locality 15CQ in phases of ecdysis. Figures 534. Female at locality 15CP.

Figures 535–536: Heterometrus swammerdami from locality 15CB, female in dorsal (535) and ventral (536) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 537–538: Heterometrus swammerdami from locality 15CB, female, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (537), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (538).

Figures 539–543: Heterometrus swammerdami from locality 15CB, female, pedipalp chela dorsal (539), external (540) and ventral (541) views, tarsomeres of third (542) and fourth (543) legs retroventral views.

Figures 544–546: Heterometrus swammerdami, two differently colored females (544, 546) at locality 15CJ and juvenile (545) at locality 15CE.

Figures 571–574: Key characters for distinguishing Sri Lankan Heterometrus. Figures 571–572. Pedipalp chela dorsal view of male, Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (571) and Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE (572). Figures 573– 574. Metasomal segments IV-II lateral view of female, Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA (573) and Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (574).