Chlaenius (Lissauchenius) udaipurensis Chanu & Swaminathan

Chanu, N. Yaiphabi & Swaminathan, R., 2017, Notes on species of the genus Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Chlaeniini) from four agro-climatic zones of Rajasthan, with description of two new species, Zootaxa 4237 (3), pp. 545-566 : 559-561

Chlaenius (Lissauchenius) udaipurensis Chanu & Swaminathan sp. nov.

( Fig. 9 , 23 , 37 , 52 , 66 , 88, 89 & 108 )

Type series. Holotype: 1♂, 25.vii.2016, RCA Campus, Udaipur , Rajasthan , India, 579.5m (24°34’ N Latitude 73°42’ E Longitude), N.Y. Chanu (white label), Chlaenius (Lissauchenius) udaipurensis Chanu & Swaminathan 2016 HOLOTYPE (red label). The holotype is deposited in the Reference Chamber of the Insect Museum, Kushwaha Keet Sangrahalaya (KKS), Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan , India.

Paratypes (total 52 specimens): 1♀, RCA Campus , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India / 25.vii.2016, Coll. N.Y. Chanu (yellow label) ; 1♂, RCA Campus , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India / 26.vii.2016, Coll. N.Y. Chanu (yellow label) ; 1♀, RCA Campus , Udaipur, Rajasthan, India / 29.vii.2016, Coll. N.Y. Chanu (yellow label) ; 1♂, NRCSS, Ajmer , Rajasthan, India / 25.ix.2016, Coll. N.Y. Chanu (yellow label) ; 5♂ & 3♀, NRCSS, Ajmer , Rajasthan, India / 26.ix.2016, Coll. N.Y. Chanu (yellow label) ; 3♀, NRCSS, Ajmer , Rajasthan, India / 26.ix.2016, Coll. R. Swaminathan (yellow label) ; 1♀, NRCSS, Ajmer , Rajasthan, India / 26.ix.2016, Coll. R. Nagar (yellow label) ; 8♂ & 12♀, ARS, Bhilwara , Rajasthan, India / 27.ix.2016, Coll. N.Y. Chanu (yellow label) ; 6♂ & 4♀, ARS, Bhilwara , Rajasthan, India / 27.ix.2016, Coll. R. Swaminathan (yellow label) ; 6♀, ARS, Bhilwara , Rajasthan, India / 27.ix.2016, Coll. R. Nagar (yellow label).

The paratypes are deposited in the Reference Chamber of the Insect Museum , Kushwaha Keet Sangrahalaya (KKS), Department of Entomology , Rajasthan College of Agriculture , Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India .

Diagnosis. A single testaceous rounded and subapical spot on each elytron, covering intervals 4 to 8; pronotum ovoid, coarsely and deeply punctate, punctures with short fine hairs, apical angle rounded and basal angle obtuse but not sharp; median tooth of mentum and labrum slightly emarginate at apex; apical segment of maxillary and labial palpi triangular; aedeagus slender, lamella truncate at apex, length of apical portion long.

Description. BL = 11.90 mm, HW= 2.38 mm, PL= 2.46 mm, PW= 3.24 mm, EL= 7.24 mm, EW= 4.30 mm

Head and pronotum black having coppery metallic lustre in the middle and slight metallic green lustre on lateral sides. Elytra black and spot testaceous. Labrum and mandibles dark brown; labial and maxillary palpi, all parts of leg except coxae, first 3 antennomeres brown; remaining antennomeres and coxae fuscous.

Head punctate except disk portion of frons and posterior part of occiput. Few depressed lines near eyes. Labrum slightly emarginate at apical margin, apical angles rounded with some setae; clypeus almost truncate. Frontal fovea shallow. Apical segment of maxillary and labial palpi triangular and truncate at apex. Median tooth of mentum almost truncate at apex with rounded angles.

Pronotum ovoid, apical angles rounded and basal angles obtuse but not sharp, lateral margins bordered explanate, more towards base. Surface coarsely and deeply punctate, punctures with short hairs. Median line visible not reaching extremities; basal fovea shallow.

Elytra striate punctate; intervals punctate, pubescent. Testaceous spot on elytra rounded, located at 1/3rd from apex covering 4th to 8th interval.

Prosternum coarsely punctate; proepisternum sparsely punctate pubescent; prosternal process bordered; mesosternum impunctate medially, punctate laterally; mesepisternum punctate, punctures with hairs; metasternum impunctate medially, punctate pubescent laterally; metepisternum punctate pubescent. Abdominal sternites finely and moderately punctate pubescent; smooth medially wrinkled at sides.

Aedeagus slender; median lobe abruptly bent near base; apex of apical lamella truncate; median lobe expand laterally on both sides in dorsal view; length of apical portion long.

Remarks. This species is quite similar to C. distigma but differs in the shape of the aedeagus, that is slender and with the median lobe abruptly bending near base, lamella truncate at apex, length of apical portion long and median lobe expanding laterally on both sides in dorsal view. Body size is smaller than that of C. distigma ; the elytral spot is almost rounded and is not wavy; basal pronotal angle obtuse and blunt. Additionally, C. udaipurensis consumed significantly more 2nd instar larvae of the noctuid Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) (the Oriental leafworm moth) than C. distigma ( Table 1 ), indicating a species-specific feeding behaviour. This behaviour distinctly evinced Holling’s Type II response with a decrease in the feeding response to increasing prey density ( Fig. 114 ), and a greater predation efficiency at lower prey density.

Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the type locality (Udaipur) from where it was first collected.

Species No. of prey provided No. of prey consumed in 24 h Feeding trend (%)

Figures

FIGURE 114. Prey feeding behaviour of Chlaenius udaipurensis sp. nov. on larvae of the Oriental leafworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775).

FIGURES 1 – 14. Pronotum of Chlaenius species from Rajasthan: 1. C. laevipennis; 2. C. nitidicollis; 3. C. hamifer; 4. C. scapularis; 5. C. malachinus; 6. C. orbicollis; 7. C. posticus; 8. C. distigma; 9. Chlaenius udaipurensis sp. nov.; 10. C. chlorodius; 11. C. pretiosus; 12. C. quadricolor; 13. C. velocipes; 14. Chlaenius pseudotristis sp. nov.

FIGURES 15 – 28. Labrum of Chlaenius species from Rajasthan: 15. C. laevipennis; 16. C. nitidicollis; 17. C. hamifer; 18. C. scapularis; 19. C. malachinus; 20. C. orbicollis; 21. C. posticus; 22. C. distigma; 23. Chlaenius udaipurensis sp. nov.; 24. C. chlorodius; 25. C. pretiosus; 26. C. quadricolor; 27. C. velocipes; 28. Chlaenius pseudotristis sp. nov.

FIGURES 29 – 42. Mentum of Chlaenius species from Rajasthan: 29. C. laevipennis; 30. C. nitidicollis; 31. C. hamifer; 32. C. scapularis; 33. C. malachinus; 34. C. orbicollis; 35. C. posticus; 36. C. distigma; 37. Chlaenius udaipurensis sp. nov.; 38. C. chlorodius; 39. C. pretiosus; 40. C. quadricolor; 41. C. velocipes; 42. Chlaenius pseudotristis sp. nov.

FIGURES 43 – 57. Maxillary palpi of Chlaenius species from Rajasthan: 43. C. laevipennis; 44. C. nitidicollis; 45. C. hamifer; 46. C. scapularis; 47. C. malachinus; 48. C. orbicollis (♂); 49. C. orbicollis (♀); 50. C. posticus; 51. C. distigma; 52. Chlaenius udaipurensis sp. nov.; 53. C. chlorodius; 54. C. pretiosus; 55. C. quadricolor; 56. C. velocipes; 57. Chlaenius pseudotristis sp. nov.

FIGURES 58 – 71. Labial palpi of Chlaenius species from Rajasthan: 58. C. laevipennis; 59. C. nitidicollis; 60. C. hamifer; 61. C. scapularis; 62. C. malachinus; 63. C. orbicollis; 64. C. posticus; 65. C. distigma; 66. Chlaenius udaipurensis sp. nov.; 67. C. chlorodius; 68. C. pretiosus; 69. C. quadricolor; 70. C. velocipes; 71. Chlaenius pseudotristis sp. nov.

FIGURES 72 – 99. Male genitalia of Chlaenius species from Rajasthan: 72. C. laevipennis (left lateral view); 73. C. laevipennis (dorsal view); 74. C. nitidicollis (left lateral view); 75. C. nitidicollis (dorsal view); 76. C. hamifer (left lateral view); 77. C. hamifer (dorsal view); 78. C. scapularis (left lateral view); 79. C. scapularis (dorsal view); 80. C. malachinus (left lateral view); 81. C. malachinus (dorsal view); 82. C. orbicollis (left lateral view); 83. C. orbicollis (dorsal view); 84. C. posticus (left lateral view); 85. C. posticus (dorsal view); 86. C. distigma (left lateral view); 87. C. distigma (dorsal view); 88. Chlaenius udaipurensis sp. nov. (left lateral view); 89. Chlaenius udaipurensis sp. nov. (dorsal view); 90. C. chlorodius (left lateral view); 91. C. chlorodius (dorsal view); 92. C. pretiosus (left lateral view); 93. C. pretiosus (dorsal view); 94. C. quadricolor (left lateral view); 95. C. quadricolor (dorsal view); 96. C. velocipes (left lateral view); 97. C. velocipes (dorsal view); 98. Chlaenius pseudotristis sp. nov. (left lateral view); 99. Chlaenius pseudotristis sp. nov. (dorsal view)

FIGURES 106 – 111. Habitus of Chlaenius taxa from Rajasthan. 106. C. orbicollis; 107. C. distigma; 108. Chlaenius udaipurensis sp. nov.; 109. C. chlorodius; 110. C. pretiosus; 111. C. quadricolor.