Phanaeus huichol, Moctezuma, Victor, Sanchez-Huerta, Jose Luis & Halffter, Gonzalo, 2017

Moctezuma, Victor, Sanchez-Huerta, Jose Luis & Halffter, Gonzalo, 2017, Two new species of the Phanaeusendymion species group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae), ZooKeys 702, pp. 113-135 : 116-120

Phanaeus huichol sp. n. Figs 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18

Phanaeus endymion : Edmonds (1994: 39-44, 101; partim), Arnaud (2002: 94-95), Edmonds (2003: 61, 65), Quiroz-Rocha et al. (2008: 29, 33, 34, 36, 37), Edmonds and Zídek (2012: 1, 3, 5-8, 12, 13, 52, 53), Moctezuma and Halffter (2017: 47, 52-55), Lizardo et al. (in press). Non endymion Harold, 1863.

Type material

(12 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀). Holotype major male pinned with genitalia in microvial (Figs 11, 12): "MEXICO: Jalisco, 3 mi. NE Mazamitla, VII-12-1982, in moist cow dung, Fred G. Andrews col." Paratypes: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ labeled "MEXICO, Jalisco, Sierra de Talpa (CT), 1470 m, 11/13-VIII-2010, Nogueira col."; 2 ♂♂ labeled "MEXICO, Jalisco, Mpio. Talpa de Allende, 20°13'03.4"N, 104°45'58.8"W, 1655 m, 18-22.vii.09, fungi, WD Edmonds & P. Reyes cols."; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ labeled "MEXICO, Jalisco, S. Manantlán, 1650 m, 18-20/VII/95, G. Nogueira col."; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ labeled "MEXICO, Jalisco, Mixtlán, 1758 m, 13-VIII-2012, G. Nogueira col."; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ labeled "JA: hwy 200, 21 mi S Puerto Vallarta, vii-9,10-84, 2310', ex fungi, S McCleve, P. Jump cols."; 1 ♀ labeled "MEX, Jal., 4200', 10mi SW Autlán, IX.19.71, A. Newton col."; 1 ♂ labeled "MEXICO: Jalisco, Autlán, Puerto los Mazos, Bosque de galería, 1580m, Necrotrampa, x.2000, H. Bustos col"; 1 ♀ ídem except "Encino caducifolio, 1480m, xi.2000"; 1 ♂ labeled "MEXICO: Jalisco, Zapopan, Los Guayaboa (La Guayaba?), BEpert, 1600m, 8.vii.1995, NTP-80, G. Quiroz y J.L. Navarrete cols."; 1 ♀ ídem except “8.vii-4.viii.1994”; 1 ♀ ídem except "14.ix-15.x.1994, pulpo, G. Quiroz y J.L. Navarrete cols."; 1 ♂ labeled "MEXICO: Nayarit, Sierra el Nayar, July 1994, Guillermo Nogueira lgt."; 1 ♂ labeled "MEXICO, Nayarit, Sierra del Nayar, Chapalilla, 1280 m, 17-VII-94, coprotr. G. Nogueira col."; 1 ♂ ídem except “17.xii.1994”.

Type deposition.

Holotype 1 ♂ and six paratypes (4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀) TAMU; rest of paratypes as follows: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ MXAL; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ VMC; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ JLSHC, 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ CEMT.

Diagnosis.

Dorsum metallic green; anterior margin of pronotum projected upwards; acute posterolateral angles of pronotum (Fig. 11); anterior metasternal angle almost right angled but with rounded apex in lateral view (Fig. 16); lateral metasternal angles evanescent (Fig. 18); lamella copulatrix as in Fig. 12.

Description.

Holotype length 17.6 mm, width at base of elytra 9.8 mm. Head: Clypeus dark brown with bright metallic green, anterior margin bidentate. Genae metallic green with granular sculpturing. Frons with a black cephalic horn, curved posteriorly over pronotum; lateral region of frons is metallic green weakly rough with coarse and weakly impressed punctures. Pronotum: Triangular pronotal disc with lateral fossae and metallic olive green coloring, flattened with lateral undulations. Lateral lines of pronotal disc not impressed. Sculpturing shagreened without punctures. Anterior pronotal angles wide and rounded. Posterior pronotal angles sa lient, directed laterally and weakly upturned apically. Basal fossae weakly impressed. Two lateral carinas are impressed near to pronotal apex. Elytra: Striae black-green colored, shagreened with small well-spaced punctures and weakly rough sculpturing. Interstriae strongly impressed with small punctures. Pygidium: Metallic olive green, with well-impressed punctures and shagreened rough sculpturing. Protibia: Quadridentate with apical spur. Aedeagus: Similar to that of P. endymion species group. Lamella copulatrix as Fig. 12.

Variation.

This species shows variation in color, being olive green or dark green with blue reflections. Minor male (Fig. 13): Similar to major male, except the cephalic horn smaller and the posterolateral angles of pronotum reduced. Female (Figs 14, 15): As male except head black with green reflections in frons and genae, cephalic carina trituberculate, pronotal sculpturing shagreened, most of pronotal disk dull black, pronotal process trituberculate. Size of paratypes. Mean length 17.5 mm (16-18.7 mm), mean width 9.4 mm (8.7-9.8 mm).

Etymology.

The name of the new species refers to the Huichol ethnic group, which inhabits part of the geographic region where the type series was collected.

Remarks.

Phanaeus huichol is easily distinguished from the closely related P. zoque by its geographic distribution and morphological characters: Phanaeus huichol male shows two elongate and weak tumescences near to pronotal apex, while P. zoque presents two strong tubercles; the anterior lateral angles of the pronotum of P. huichol are wider and more rounded than those of P. zoque . Major females of P. huichol show tridentate pronotal projections with teeth of similar size (Fig. 15), while in the P. zoque major female the middle dent resembles a carina, with smaller lateral teeth. In both males and females of P. huichol the anterior metasternal angle is obtuse in lateral view (Fig. 16), whereas in P. zoque this is almost right-angled but with a rounded apex (Fig. 17). Anterior metasternal angles are notably less angular in P. huichol (Fig. 18), while they are more evident in P. zoque (Fig. 19). Differences in angulation are also evident in other ventral sternites (lateral mesometasternal angles evanescent in P. huichol , those angles well defined and slightly curved in P. zoque ). Phanaeus huichol is restricted to the Pacific slope of Mexico (Jalisco and Nayarit), while P. zoque is found in the Mexican southeast (Oaxaca and Chiapas).

Type locality.

MEXICO, Jalisco, Mazamitla.

Distribution and Ecology.

This species occurs in the Sierra Occidental of Jalisco and the Sierra del Nayar (Nayarit), in coniferous-oak forests, cloud forests and riparian forests, between 700-1760 m a.s.l. This species seems to be generalist, since specimens have been collected with carrion, dung and fungus.