Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) affinis Mannerheim 1830

Enushchenko, Ilya V., 2019, Review of the subtribe Gyrophaenina Kraatz 1856 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Homalotini) of Middle Asia, with emphasis on the fauna of Kazakhstan, Zootaxa 4613 (2), pp. 379-397 : 384-387

Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) affinis Mannerheim 1830

( Figs. 13 –33)

Gyrophaena affinis Mannerheim 1830: 74

Gyrophaena amabilis Lacordaire 1835: 537

Gyrophaena diversa Mulsant & Rey 1870: 153

Gyeophaena inconspicua Casey 1906: 299

Gyrophaena lacustris Casey 1906: 299

Gyrophaena subpunctata Casey 1906: 299

Gyrophaena rosskotheni Wüsthoff 1937: 141 , syn.nov.

Gyrophaena kangasi Rutanen 1994: 39 , syn.nov.

Gyrophaena ranongensis Pace 2005: 256 , syn.nov.

Gyrophaena glareicola Pace 2010: 141 , syn.nov.

Gyrophaena affinis: Kashcheev & Iskakov 1992: 40 ; Kashcheev 1997: 91; Kashcheev 2001a: 154; Kashcheev & Ishkov 2001a: 101, 2001b: 123

Type material examined: Holotype of Gyrophaena kangasi Rutanen 1994 , ♂: ‘SF: Sa. 6870: 448 | LEIVONMÄKI | 16.6.1989 | I. Rutanen leg.’, ‘sp. nov.? | penis nära [near] | joyi , 6 ryggl. [tergite] | nära obsoleta | /SL [Stig Lun- dberg]’ ˂handwritten label, in Sweden ˃, ‘ Holotypus | G. kangasi | I. Rutanen | 1995’ ˂red printed label˃ (MZHF) ( Figs. 13–15 ). Labels as in Fig. 16 .

Material examined: KAZAKHSTAN: East Kazakhstan Area: Katon-Karagaiskiy District: ♂, ♀: Altai, Sarymskaty River , Katon-Karagai , 22.VII.1989, V.A. Kashcheev leg. ( ZIN) .

Additional material examined: RUSSIA: Moscow Area: Solnechnogorskiy District: 7 ♂♂: environs of Kras- naya Polyana, on Pluteus atricapillus , 20.VII.1999, V.B. Semenov leg.; 5 ♂♂ [aberration]: same label; ♂ [aberra- tion]: ibid, 28.VI. 1999, V.B. Semenov leg. / ‘ Gyrophaena | affinis | генитальные аномалии [genital anomalies] | V.B. Semenov det.’ ˂original rectangular hand written label; initials and surname of collector—printed˃; ♂ [aber- ration]: vicinities of Sheremetjevo, near Nosovo, on mushrooms, 12.VI.1995, V.B. Semenov leg.; Dmitrovskiy District: 2 ♂♂ [aberration]: vicinities of Morozki Station, on Plyporus squamosus (elm), 7.VIII.1999, V.B. Se- menov leg. (ZMM); Maritime Province: Lazovskiy District: ♀: Lazo, 18.IX.2009, S.A. Shabalin leg. (cIE); MON- GOLIA: Selenginskiy Aimak: ♂: vicinities of Delger-Khan somon, Pinus forest, 19.VII.1990, E.M. Veselova leg. (cVS); Khentey Aimak: 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀: basin of Onon River, left side of Amgalantyn-Gol River, N 43°52’38,4’’, E 110°06’19,9’’, h= 1107m, 13.VIII.2013, I.V. Enushchenko leg. (cIE); USA: 5 ♂♂, ♀: ‘ Gyrophaena | dissimilis | Erich. | Am.[erica] bor.[ealis]’ [green label, handwritten, V.I. Motchulskiy leg.] (ZMM); USA: Oregon: ♂, 4 ♀♀: ‘ OREGON: Silver Falls St. Pk., 6.VII.1956, B. Maklin leg. / C.N.H.M. 1960 Borys Maklin Coleoptera Colln. ’ (FMNH); South Dakota: ♀: ‘ USA: S.[outh] Dak.[ota], Lawrence Co.[unty], Elmore, Jackass Cilch, Spearfish Conyon, 11.VIII.1981 / FNHD #81–422, squirrel midden edge, u. white mushroom, M. Suter leg.’ (FMNH); Indiana: 3 m ##, 10 ♀♀: ‘Smith Sta.[tion], La Porte Co., IND.[IANA] 25.V.1956 / ex fresh gill fungus / Col. & pres. by D. Kistner’ (FMNH); 3 ♂♂: ‘Smith, Ind.[iana] V.25. [19]35 fungi / CNHM 1954 Orlando Park General Coleoptera collection’ (FMNH); ♂: ‘ USA: Parke Co. 4 mi W Rockville Hajji Hollow 15–16.VIII.1969 / FMHD # 69–168 in flight, late afternoon H.S. Dybas [leg.]’ (FMNH); Ohio: ♀: ‘ OHIO: Amer. Lgn. Prk. Marysville, Union Co., sifting, 20.IX.1975, Q.D. Weeber leg.’ (FMNH); Tennessee: ♂: ‘ TENNESSEE: Cannon Co., Bradyville, ex mushroom, 1.VI.1965, S. Peck [leg.]’ (FMNH); ♀: ‘TENN.[ESSI]: 5 mi out of Gatlinburg, Sevier Co., VIII.1948, E.W. Fager leg. / ex mushroom / white gilled’ (FMNH); Georgia: ♂: ‘ USA: Ga.[Georgia], Union Co., Brasstown Bald (4300’) 8–25.VIII.1965 / FMHD 365–3000, epigean carrion trap, S. & J. Peck’ (FMNH).

Taxonomic notes. Gyrophaena affinis is the most common Holarctic species of the affinis group (Seevers 1952) and distributed in North Africa ( Jakobson 1909), Europe (Sahlberg 1876, Joy 1912, Strand 1935, Wüsthoff 1937, Seevers 1952, Likovský 1993, Glotov et al. 2011, Enushchenko & Shavrin 2012a), the European parts of Russia and the Caucasus ( Nikitskiy et al. 1998, Dedyukhin et al. 2005, Voitenkova 2009, Goreslavetz 2010, Semenov 2014, Enushchenko & Semenov 2016); Iran ( Assing 2011, Enushchenko & Semenov 2016), Turkey ( Assing 2013), Siberia ( Enushchenko & Shavrin 2011, 2012b), the Russian Far East ( Enushchenko & Semenov 2016), Mongolia, North Korea ( Paśnik 2001); North America (Seevers 1952, Klimaszewski et al. 2009; etc.).

Pace (2005) described G. ranongensis based on one male from Thailand (‘Ranong prov., Ranong: Hot Springs’) and compared it with G. zhagaensis Pace 2003 from China. However, based on the structure of aedeagus and the male tergite VIII, G. zhagaensis and G. ranongensis belong to different species groups (see Pace 2003: 664, FIGURES 17–33. Aedeagus (Figs. 17, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32) and abdominal tergite VIII (Figs. 18-19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33) of Gyrophaena affinis Mannerheim (Figs. 17–19, 24–29: Krasnaya Polyana ( RUSSIA: Moscow Area), 20–23: Sheremetjevo, 30–31: Morozki, 32, 33 –Nosovo): 17—aedeagus (lateral view), 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32—aberrative aedeagus (lateral view), 18, 19—male abdominal tergite VIII (dorsal view), 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33—aberrative male abdominal tergite VIII (dorsal view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs.76–80 and Pace 2005: 257, Figs. 11–14 ). As the male genitalia and terminalia of G. ranongensis are quite identical to those of G. affinis , I consider G. ranongensis a junior synonym of G. affinis .

Later Pace (2010) described G. glareicola Pace, 2010 from southern Shaanxi ( China) and compared it with G. daxuemontis Pace, 2003 (western Sichuan), which belongs to a different species group ( Pace 2003: 642, Figs. 63–66). As the aedeagus and the terminalia of both sexes of G. glareicola ( Pace 2010: 179, Figs. 114–118) are identical to those of G. affinis , I consider it this name a junior synonym of the G. affinis .

Among more than 300 males of G. affinis from Krasnaya Polyana of the Moscow area, V.B. Semenov found a single aberrant specimen with a reduced dorsal projection of the internal sac of the aedeagus and extremely short lateral teeth on the apical margin of tergite VIII (see Nikitskiy et al. 1998: 56, Figs. 1, 2 ). Similar specimens were described as G. rosskotheni Wüsthoff 1937 from Aachen ( Germany) and G. kangasi Rutanen 1994 ( Figs. 13–16 ) from Finland. The single specimen of G. rosskotheni was also recorded from Zhigulevskiy Nature Reserve (Samara Area) by Goreslavetz (2010). Semenov was the first to suggest a possible synonymy of these species with G. affinis ( Nikitskiy et al. 1998) . In ZMM I found males of G. affinis with varying degrees of reduction of the dorsal projection of the internal sac of the aedeagus, as well as lateral teeth of abdominal tergite VIII with different combinations of these features (Figs. 17–33). Concequently, the following new synonymies are established here: G. affinis = G. rosskotheni syn. nov., G. kangasi syn. nov. For illustrations of the aedeagus and the male tergite VIII of this species see Wüsthoff (1937: Figs. 5–7 ).

Remarks. The species was recorded from Aksu-Dzhabagly Nature Reserve (Tlassky Mountaun Ridge) by Kashcheev & Ishkov (1992, 2001a, 2001b) and from Trans-Ili Alatau Mountain Ridge (SE Kazakhstan) by Kashcheev (2001a).

Figures

FIGURES 13–16. Gyrophaena kangasi Rutanen (Holotype): 13—habitus, dorsal view, 14—aedeagus, lateral view, 15—male abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, 16—labels of the holotype. Scale bars: 1 mm (13), 0.1 mm (14, 15).

FIGURES 7–12. Encephalus angusticollis J. Sahlberg: 7 (type of E. torosus Eppelsheim, male), 10 (type of E. torosus Eppelsheim, female)—habitus, dorsal view, 11—habitus, frontal view (female), 8—aedeagus, lateral view, 9—labels of type of E. torosus Eppelsheim, male, 12—labels of type of E. torosus Eppelsheim, female. Scale bars: 1 mm (7, 10, 11), 0.1 mm (8).

FIGURES 1–6. Encephalus angusticollis J. Sahlberg (Figs 1–3: Altai Mountains, Oskemen): 1, 4 (holotype of E. angusticollis)—habitus, dorsal view, 5—habitus, frontal view (holotype), 2—aedeagus, lateral view, 3—male abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, 6—labels of the holotype. Scale bars: 1 mm (1, 4, 5), 0.1 mm (2).