Reichardtula Whitehead, 1977

Balkenohl, Michael, 2021, Belgian Journal of Entomology, Belgian Journal of Entomology 115, pp. 1-83 : 9-13

Subgenus Reichardtula Whitehead, 1977

TYPE SPECIES: Clivina castanea Westwood, 1837 , by original designation.

Recognition of the Clivina castanea -species group: species-group of the subgenus Reichardtula , characterized by the median part of the clypeus separated from clypeal wings by distinct notches, clypeal suture present, labrum seven-setose, eye protruding laterally, pronotum without additional lateral dentiform projections, usually distinctly convex and in most of the cases with spherical outline, elytron with striae one to three free at base, interval three of the elytron with four or five setigerous punctures, interval eight more or less carinate posterior humerus and apically, terminal sternum of abdomen laterally with the two apical setigerous punctures not separated and an apical fold between the setigerous punctures, mesotibia with a distinct long protuberance with acuminate apex and its seta inserted laterally. The hind wings are fully developed. Colour piceous or fuscous, surface glossy, isodiametrically or irregularly reticulated. For more details see descriptions of the single species.

Identification key to the species of the Clivina castanea- group

1 Elytron with all intervals reticulated, more or less opaque ........................................... 2

- Elytron with at least intervals 1–4 smooth, glossy ....................................................... 6

2 Elytron with all intervals finely isodiametric reticulated, semi-opaque; interval three with four setigerous punctures....................................................................................... 3

- Elytron with all intervals finely irregularly coriaceate-like reticulated, opaque; interval three with five setigerous punctures, with anterior one situated at middle of interval; base with 2 tubercles; basal half of lateral margin crenulated. Pronotum square, lateral margin straight, subcrenulated; lateral channel between the two setigerous punctures distinctly widened, with some indistinct pits between the two setigerous punctures; body length 7.62 mm. Borneo ................................................................. C. crenulata sp. nov.

3 Elytron at base with 3 tubercles; elytron with anterior setigerous puncture on interval three situated towards the third stria; pronotum conspicuously narrowed in anterior two thirds, lateral channel distinctly broadened, with series of distinct pits between the two setigerous punctures; base granulated; reticulated pleura with rough wrinkles; body length 8.91 mm. Sumatra .................................................. C. saundersi Andrewes, 1926

- Elytron at base with 1 tubercle; elytron with first setigerous puncture on interval three situated at the second stria; pronotum more or less circular, more or less moderately narrowed in anterior half; lateral channel smooth, without pits; base without granula; reticulatedpleurawithfewindistinctwrinkles ............................................................. 4

4 Lobe of mentum nearly regularly trapezoid with antero-lateral angle obtuse, anterior margin moderately convex ( Fig. 39 ); disk of pronotum more or less covered with irregular to isodiametric reticulation; tubercle at base of third interval of elytron small in most cases; median lobe of aedeagus stout, distinctly thickened in apical two thirds ( Fig. 86 ); often the anterior margin of the clypeus double bordered; body length 8.7– 10.1 mm. Myanmar, Cambodia, Bhutan, Nepal, North-East India.................................. ..................................................................................... C. lata Putzeys, 1866 stat. restit................................................................................. = C. khasei Jedlička, 1964 syn. nov.

- Lobe of mentum antero-laterally distinctly angled (angle around 90° or smaller), anterior margininclined and slightly concave; tubercle at base of third interval of elytron always distinct; median lobe of aedeagus longer .......................................................... 5

5 Lobe of mentum stout, somewhat broadened, anterior margin slightly inclined ( Fig. 43 ); striae on elytron ending free at apex in most cases; laterotergite of female genitalia with eight setae, one of them isolated towards apex; coxostylus dorsally with eight setae ( Fig. 109 ); male ventral paramere with apex narrow in apical third; body length 7.1–8.5 mm. Sumatra, Borneo ............................................................................. C. germanni sp. nov.

- Lobe of mentum antero-laterally conspicuously angled, anterior margin considerably inclined ( Fig. 44 ); striae five and six joining at apex and often also striae three and four; laterotergite of female genitalia with ten setae, two of them isolated towards coxostylus; coxostylus dorsally with thirteen setae ( Fig. 110 ); male ventral paramere with apex narrow in apical fifth; body length 7.9–8.9 mm. Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia.................................................................................. C. plurisetofaria sp. nov.

6 Elytron with all intervals smooth, glossy; apical carina of interval eight reaching up to level of posterior setigerous puncture of interval three; base of elytron with one or two tubercle(s); eye distinctly hemispherical projecting laterally (in case of traces or doubt regarding the reticulation on the lateral intervals of the elytron, follow item 10 / also see variation of C. schillhammeri sp. nov.)........................................................................ 7

- Elytron with interval 8 or 7 and 8 or 5–8 with isodiametric reticulation; base of elytron with one tubercle; outline and disc of pronotum globose, with or without group of punctures........................................................................................................................ 9

7 Elytron with one tubercle situated at base of interval three; lobe of mentum semi-ovoid, development of epilobe nearly complete, antero-laterally with lappet ( Fig. 45 ); outline of pronotum regularly convex, globose; body length 7.3 mm. Java. C. hogani sp. nov.

- Elytron with two tubercles situated at base of intervals three and four; lobe of mentum distinctly angled; outline of pronotum square or subsquare.......................................... 8

8 Pronotum distinctly square, lateral channel widened between the two setigerous punctures ( Fig. 62 ); first setigerous puncture on interval three of the elytron removed from the base and approaching stria three; lobe of mentum double pointed picked ( Fig. 42), epilobe developed at inner margin only; length 9.18 mm. Sumatra ......................... .............................................................................................. C. trachys Andrewes, 1930

- Pronotum subsquare, lateral channel not widened between the two setigerous punctures ( Fig. 57 ); first setigerous puncture on interval three of the elytron situated close to base and approaching stria two; lobe of mentum shaped like a skewed trapezium, with triangular anterior angle and obtuse median angle, lateral margin straight, anterior margin sinuate ( Fig. 37 ); length 7.15 mm. Western part of the Indochina Peninsula...... .............................................................. C. clivinoides Schmidt-Göbel, 1846 stat. restit.

9 Elytron with isodiametric reticulation on interval 7 and 8, apex of elytron from posterior setigerous puncture up to apical tip with isodiametric reticulation; mentum with lobes short, shaped like a regular trapezium with anterior margin slightly convex, median tooth slightly more protruding as lobes ( Fig. 38 ); clypeo-frontal suture flat, indistinct or nearly obsolete at middle; pronotum with fine irregular reticulation and isodiametric reticulation at base; median lobe of aedeagus robust, distinctly curved in dorsal view, apex narrow with tip asymmetrically truncated; body length 7.66–8.32 mm, New Guinea..................................................................... C. parryi Putzeys, 1863 stat. restit.

- Elytron with isodiametric reticulation on interval eight (including traces) and apex of elytron (at the tip only or in apical quarter), or with isodiametric reticulation on intervals 5–8 and reticulation on apical fifth.............................................................................. 10

10 Elytron with isodiametric reticulation on interval eight (including traces in some specimens); apex of elytron reticulated at tip only...................................................... 11

- Elytron with isodiametric reticulation on intervals 5–8 (reticulation with decreasing distinctness towards inner intervals (see also variation in C. acutimentum sp. nov.); apex of elytron reticulated at tip to a different degree ......................................................... 17

11 Lobe of mentum semi-ovoid rounded off anteriorly; epilobe fully developed, wide and complete including the complete anterior margin ( Figs 51 , 52 ); antenna reaching distinctly over posterior angle of pronotum, antennomeres cylindrical. Gena small, indistinct. Pronotum regularly convex but narrowing anteriorly, convexity more protruding laterally than posterior tooth. Elytron with lateral margin slightly convex but not dilated posteriorly, maximum width at middle; interval eight with isodiametric reticulation (in somespecimens only half of width of interval or a narrowband laterally); striae two to six ending almost free at apex. Aedeagus distinctly curved, base slightly cracked. Coxostylus with two SSOs; body length 7.35–9.02 mm. Distributed from Korea over Japan, Taiwan, and China to Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia to the North of Malaysia............................................................ C. schillhammeri sp. nov.

- Lobe of mentum angled antero-laterally; epilobe antero-laterally narrow or not present, developed only medially towards fissure ( Figs 36 , 40 , 48–50 )................................... 12

12 Lobe of mentum with antero-lateral angle distinctly rounded off, with anterior margin slightly convex ( Fig. 36 ); surface of pleura with few fine transverse wrinkles, nearly smooth but with isodiametric reticulation; body length 7.57–8.22 mm. Philippine Islands................................................................................ C. castanea Westwood, 1837

- Lobe of mentum distinctly angled antero-laterally, with anterior margin indistinctly or slightly concave (exception C. apexplana sp. nov. with convex anterior margin)..... 13

13 Disc of pronotum laterally in basal half with group of medium sized punctures ( Fig. 60 ); surface of pleura densely coriaceate-like transverse wrinkled and in lateral half with indistinct isodiametric reticulation; intervals of elytron moderately convex at middle, striae distinct but not deep, intervals at apex flattened; body length 8.3–8.94 mm. Thailand, Cambodia............................................... C. agona Putzeys, 1866 stat. restit.

- Disc of pronotum without lateral group of medium sized punctures; surface of pleura with some wrinkles and isodiametric reticulation, with or without additional rough structures ...................................................................................................................... 14

14 Mentum with lateral margin of lobe sinuate ( Fig. 49 ); intervals of elytron in apical quarter isodiametrically reticulated; interval seven with isodiametric reticulation at humerus; median line of pronotum distinctly surpassing anterior transverse line, with small band of isodiametric reticulation behind anterior transverse line; proepisternum without coriaceous structures; body length 7.13–8.22 mm. Java and Bali ...................... ..................................................................................................... C. apexopaca sp. nov.

- Mentum with lateral margin of lobe convex; intervals of elytron in apical quartersmooth or only reticulated directly at tip; interval seven at humerus glossy; median line of pronotum not surpassing but joining anterior transverse line; smooth behind anterior transverse line; proepisternum with coriaceous structures.......................................... 15

15 Mentum with anterior margin convex and with a nearly rectangular latero-anterior angle ( Fig. 50 ); intervals of elytron in apical quarter flattened; proepisternum coriaceous towards middle; body length 7.32–8.45 mm. Sulawesi including the Islands of Buton and Besi ........................................................................................ C. apexplana sp. nov.

- Mentum with anterior margin concave and with a rounded off or distinctly sharp lateroanterior angle; intervals of elytron in apical quarter distinctly or moderately convex; proepisternum with or without coriaceous structures ................................................. 16

16 Mentum with anterior margin distinctly concave and distinctly acute angled ( Fig. 48 ); intervals of elytron in apical quarter distinctly convex; pronotum in parallel to lateral channel with band of distinct isodiametric reticulation reaching nearly up to anterior angles, lateral margin of pronotum attenuate and indistinctly convex in anterior half; proepisternum beside the isodiametric reticulation and transverse wrinkles with rough imbricate reticulation towards middle; colour piceous; body length 7.85–8.43 mm. Molucca Islands............................................................................... C. molucca sp. nov.

- Mentum with anterior margin slightly concave and with antero-lateral angle rounded off ( Fig. 53 ); intervals of elytron in apical quarter slightly convex; pronotum in parallel to lateral channel without band of distinct isodiametric reticulation, only with the usual reticulation at base, outline of lateral margin of pronotum semi-square; proepisternum beside the isodiametric reticulation and transverse wrinkles without rough reticulation; colour testaceous; body length 7.73–9.18 mm. North Vietnam.... C. drumonti sp. nov.

17 Pronotum narrowed anteriorly with lateral margin nearly straight-converging at level of anterior setigerous punctures, anterior angles projecting, posterior angle laterally just not projecting as far as lateral convexity; antennomeres elongate with ratio L/W around 2.0; bigger species with body length 9.6–10.3 mm and width 2.9–3.2 mm. Southwest India: Agumbe ............................................................... C. agumbea agumbea sp. nov.

Specimens from Maharashtra: antennomeres long-ovoid with ratio L/W around 1.7; lateral part of elytron and lateral intervals at apex distinctly convex; stria ending free at apex; body length 9.5–10.0 mm. Central India: Maharashtra ....... .............................................................................. C. agumbea lacinia ssp. nov.

- Pronotum spherically with lateral margin nearly regularly convex, anterior angles not or indistinctly projecting, posterior angle laterally distinctly less projecting as lateral convexity; species with length up to 9.1 mm .............................................................. 18

18 Lobe of mentum antero-laterally angled but rounded, anterior margin convex, median tooth of mentum straight ( Fig. 55 ) (often specimens have a slight tubercle-like tip at middle); elytron with maximum width at middle; striae three and four and five and six joining at apex of elytron; body length 8.2–8.9 mm, width 2.4–2.7 mm. Southwest India: Thenmala ........................................................................................ C. thenmala sp. nov.

- Lobe of mentum antero-laterally conspicuously triangle-like angled, anterior margin straight to slightly concave and distinctly aslope falling medially; median tooth of mentum with anterior margin obtuse-angled ( Fig. 47 ); elytron with maximum width behind middle; striae five and six joining at apex of elytron; body length 7.8-9.1 mm, width 2.3–2.7 mm. Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia....... C. acutimentum sp. nov.

Figures

Fig. 39. C. lata Putzeys, 1866, lectotype.

Fig. 86. C. lata Putzeys, 1866, lectotype.

Fig. 43. C. germanni sp. nov., holotype.

Fig. 109. C. germanni sp. nov., paratype.

Fig. 44. C. plurisetofaria sp. nov., holotype.

Fig. 110. C. plurisetofaria sp. nov., paratype.

Fig. 45. C. hogani sp. nov., holotype.

Fig. 62. C. trachys Andrewes, 1930, holotype.

Fig. 42. C. trachys Andrewes, 1930, holotype.

Fig. 57. C. clivinoides Schmidt-Göbel, 1846, lectotype.

Fig. 37. C. clivinoides Schmidt-Göbel, 1846, lectotype.

Fig. 38. C. parryi Putzeys, 1863, lectotype.

Fig. 51. C. schillhammeri sp. nov., holotype.

Fig. 52. C. schillhammeri sp. nov., paratype from Japan (Waterase-yusuichi Fujiokachô).

Fig. 36. C. castanea Westwood, 1837, holotype.

Fig. 40. C. agona Putzeys, 1866, holotype.

Fig. 48. C. molucca sp. nov., holotype.

Fig. 49. C. apexopaca sp. nov., holotype.

Fig. 50. C. apexplana sp. nov., holotype.

Fig. 60. C. agona Putzeys, 1866, holotype.

Fig. 53. C. drumonti sp. nov., paratype.

Fig. 55. C. thenmala sp. nov., paratype.

Fig. 47. C. acutimentum sp. nov., paratype.