Parhyale hawaiensis ( Dana, 1853 )

Serejo, Cristiana S. & Sittrop, Daniela J., 2009, Hyalidae *, Zootaxa 2260 (1), pp. 440-452 : 447-450

Parhyale hawaiensis ( Dana, 1853)

( Figs 5 , 6 , Pl. 3F)

Allorchestes hawaiensis Dana, 1853: 900 , pl. 61 fig. 5. — Bate, 1862: 47, pl. 8 fig. 1.

Hyale brevipes Chevreux, 1901: 400 , figs 15–18. — Walker, 1909: 337. — Chilton, 1921: 545, fig. 9. — Chilton, 1925: 536. — Schellenberg, 1928: 658. —K.H. Barnard, 1935: 292.

Hyale nilssoni . — Walker, 1904: 238. — Walker, 1905: 925, fig. 140.

Hyale hawaiensis . — Stebbing, 1906: 573. — Schellenberg, 1938: 66, fig. 34. — Ruffo, 1950: 57. — Nayar, 1959: 30, pl. 10, figs 10–24.

Parhyale trifoliadens Kunkel, 1910: 72 , fig. 26.

Hyaloides chelonitis Oliveira, 1953 : pls 20, 21.

Parhyale inyacka . —J.L. Barnard, 1955: 23, fig. 12.

Parhyale hawaiensis . — Shoemaker, 1956: 349, figs 3–4. — Ruffo, 1959: 17. —J.L. Barnard, 1965: 521, fig. 24. — Ruffo, 1969: 38. — Olerod, 1970: 388. — Sivaprakasam, 1970: 560, fig. 5. —J.L. Barnard, 1971: 131, figs 65–68. — Tararam, Wakabara, & Leite, 1978: 783, figs 6–12. — Ledoyer, 1979: 176. — Myers, 1985: 72, fig. 56. — Ledoyer, 1986: 1013, fig. 400. — Sá Rego, 1987: 142, figs 1–5. — Serejo, 1999: 611, figs 11–12.

Material examined. 1 male, 3.9 mm, AM P70567 (QLD 1621) ; 1 male, 7.1 mm, 1 male, 7.6 mm, female, 6.6 mm (drawings), 4 juvenile males, 4.0– 6.7 mm, 9 females, 2.8–6.6 mm, AM P70585 (QLD 1623) ; 1 male, 7.4 mm, 3 females, 4.1–6.4 mm, AM P70588 (QLD 1623) ; 1 male, 6.7 mm, 1 female, 6.3 mm, AM P70561 (QLD 1623) ; 2 juvenile males, 3.8 and 5.4 mm, 3 females, 2.4–5.9 mm, AM P70587 and MNRJ ( QLD 1623 ) ; 1 female, 3.8 mm, AM P71274 (QLD 1773).

Type locality. Honolulu, Hawaii. Based on neotype information ( Shoemaker 1956) .

Description. Based on male, 7.1 mm, AM P70585.

Head. Head antenna 1 about half size of antenna 2. Antenna 2 reaching pereonite 4; eyes large and oval. Upper lip setose distally. Mandible left lacinia mobilis 5-dentate; right mandible with molar bearing a plumose seta. Lower lip normal for the family. Maxilla 1 palp reaching base of outer lobe setal-teeth. Maxilla 2 normal for the family. Maxilliped palp article 2 lobate, article 3 with an anterodistal tuft of setae.

Pereon. Gnathopod 1 palm acute, slightly sinuous. Gnathopod 2 basis anterodistal corner produced into a narrow pointing lobe; palm acute and with several stout setae; dactylus fitting palm. Pereopods 3–4 alike, but pereopod 4 a little shorter than pereopod 3; propodus with a single medial seta. Pereopod 5 much shorter than pereopod 6–7, propodus with 2 medial setae. Pereopods 6–7 propodus with 3 groups of setae on anterior margin and 2–3 groups of setae on posterior margin.

Pleon. Uropod 1 with a distolateral seta; rami subequal, inner ramus with three setae and outer ramus with one seta. Uropod 2 rami subequal, inner ramus with three setae and outer ramus with one seta. Uropod 3 peduncle with a stout seta distally; outer ramus shorter than peduncle with 5 distal robust setae; inner ramus tinny and triangular, typical for the genus. Telson deeply cleft, with lobes widely gapping.

Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Based on female, 6.6 mm, AM P70585. Gnathopod 1 carpus lobate; palm transverse, defining angle with a stout seta on each side. Gnathopod 2 slightly larger than gnathopod 1, palm acute, posterior margin with a medial process. Oostegite 2 subtriangular with about 47 curl-tipped setae, oostegite 3–5 oblique distally with 43, 35 and 19 curl-tipped setae.

Habitat. In Lizard Island this species was found in mangrove swamps, among coral rubble, and on algae.

Remarks. Despite that this is a well known species for the tropical Pacific ( Schellenberg 1938; Myers 1985), it has never been reported from Australia. However, Shoemaker (1956), who compared in detail P. hawaiensis with P. fascigera , noticed that there was material of P. hawaiensis from New South Wales in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

The material examined here is compared with other descriptions of P. hawaiensis such as Shoemaker (1956) and Myers (1985) and agrees with them in diagnostic characters such as: eyes large and oval; basis of male and female gnathopod 2 with anterodistal process; propodus of pereopods 6–7 with robust setae on posterior margin, uropod 1 with well developed distal robust seta and uropod 3 with distal seta only.

Parhyale includes 14 species, but apart from P. hawaiensis , only P. iwasai ( Shoemaker, 1956) and P. basrensis Salman, 1986 have the propodus of pereopods 6–7 with robust setae on posterior margin. Parhyale iwasai was first described by Iwasa (1939) (as Hyale gracilis ) from Japanese waters. As J.L. Barnard (1979) noticed P.iwasai has a rectangular propodus of male gnathopod 1 (vs. propodus expanded) and uropod 3 bears a marginal robust seta (vs no marginal setae). Also, uropod 1 was illustrated by Iwasa (1939) without a distolateral seta and uropod 3 lacked the tiny scale-like inner ramus, which suggests that this species belongs to the genus Hyale (sensu lato). Parhyale basrensis was recorded from Iraq and differs from P. hawaiensis in uropod 1 which lacks a distolateral robust seta and other minor differences pointed by the author ( Salman 1986).

Distribution. Circum-tropical ( Myers 1985; Serejo 1999).

Figures

FIGURE 5. Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana, 1853), male, 7.1 mm, AM P70585; male, 7.6 mm, AM P70585 (maxilla 1 and detail of maxilliped); Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef.

FIGURE 6. Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana, 1853), male, 7.1 mm, AM P70585; juvenile male, 4.0 mm, AM P70585 (gnathopod 2); juvenile male, 6.7 mm, AM P70585 (gnathopod 2); female, 6.6 mm, AM P70585 (maxilliped and oostegites 2–5); Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef.