Glenognatha globosa (Petrunkevitch, 1925)

Jimmy Cabra-García & Antonio D. Brescovit, 2016, Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), Zootaxa 4069 (1), pp. 1-183 : 78-85

Glenognatha globosa (Petrunkevitch, 1925)

( Figs. 60–64 , 132 )

Cyrtognatha globosa Petrunkevitch, 1925a: 123 , fig. 42 (female holotype from San Lorenzo, Panama, 4.xii.1924, A. & W. Petrunkevitch leg., deposited in YPM, examined through photographs of the habitus and female genitalia). Glenognatha globosa: Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2009: 102 , figs. 66 A –F; Cabra-García et al. 2014: 1029, figs. 1I, 2J, 7H, 9G–H; World Spider Catalog 2015.

Diagnosis. Males of G. globosa resemble those of G. gaujoni and G. patriceae by the presence of thin pleural bars between coxae II–III ( Fig. 60C ) and by the slender palpal tibia (longer than 1.5 times the maximum tibia width) ( Figs. 62 A, E ). It can be distinguished from the former by the absence of scale-like projections in the embolus ( Fig. 64B ) and from the latter by the absence of a thin distal projection in the conductor lamina ( Figs. 62B , 64 A ). Females can be easily distinguished from all other Glenognatha species (except G. gaujoni ) by the presence of anterior tooth ( Fig. 61D ); distinguished from G. gaujoni by the absence of CFO ( Fig. 61D–E ) and by having at least six retromarginal teeth ( Fig. 61F ).

Description. Male (ICN 5991) (Note: the male is here described for the first time). Habitus as in Figures 60 A – D . Carapace brown, darker along furrows and with a well-marked fovea. Sternum brown, darker on sides. Abdomen oval, dorsally with irregular pattern of two longitudinal dusky bands on sides and thin transverse bands on the posterior region. Silver guanine spots scattered in dorsal and lateral surfaces. Venter with a pale black median band that ramifies towards lateral surface from the tracheal spiracle and the spinnerets. Silver guanine spots scattered in pale bands between the tracheal spiracle and the epigastric furrow. Legs yellow-brownish. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Pleural bars between coxae I–II, II–III and III–IV. Total length 3.70. Cephalothorax 1.70 long, 1.40 wide, 1.02 high. Abdomen 2.12 long, 1.45 wide, 1.35 high. Sternum 0.90 long, 0.85 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10. ALE 0.10. PME 0.15. PLE 0.10. AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.1, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.13, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 1.60. Chelicerae slightly lighter than the cephalothorax. Six promarginal and ten retromarginal teeth. Ret1 on the posterior surface ( Fig. 61B ). Leg measurements: I: femur 2.90, patella 0.60, tibia 2.80, metatarsus 2.80, tarsus 1.40, total 10.50; II: 2.30, 0.50, 2.85, 2.45, 1.25, 9.35; III: 1.70, 0.40, 2.05, 2.00, 0.80, 6.95; IV: 2.50, 0.50, 2.00, 2.05, 0.85, 7.90. DTS 0.40. DTE 0.50. Epiandrous fusules as in Figure 64D . Spinnerets as in Figures 64E–H . Palp as in Figures 62E–H . Palp tibia longer than wide ( Figs. 62 A, E ). Embolus tip nearly 180º curved ( Figs. 62D , 64 A –B ).

Female. Described by Dimitrov & Hormiga (2009). Additional data.

ICN 5991. Habitus as in Figures 60E–H . Carapace with three dusky bands (one median and two lateral). Sternum dusky yellow-brownish. Abdomen greyish, dorsally with irregular pattern of four longitudinal dusky bands (two median and two on sides) and thin transverse bands on the posterior region. Silver guanine spots scattered in dorsal and lateral surfaces. Venter with a pale black median band that ramifies towards lateral surface from the tracheal spiracle and the spinnerets. Silver guanine spots scattered in pale bands around the black median band. Legs yellow-brownish. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Pleural bars between coxae I–II, II–III and III–IV. Total length 4.07. Cephalothorax 1.90 long, 1.40 wide, 1.10 high. Abdomen 2.45 long, 1.95 wide, 1.95 high. Sternum 1.05 long, 0.85 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12. ALE 0.10. PME 0.15. PLE 0.10. AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.15, PME-PME 0.15, PME-PLE 0.15, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 1.40. Five promarginal and eight retromarginal teeth. Anterior tooth present ( Fig. 61D ). Leg measurements: I: femur 3.15, patella 0.70, tibia 3.20, metatarsus 3.10, tarsus 1.45, total 11.60; II: 2.80, 0.70, 2.85, 2.75, 1.25, 10.35; III: 1.90, 0.45, 1.40, 1.55, 0.65, 5.95; IV: 2.50, 0.45, 1.95, 2.00, 0.85, 7.75. DTS 0.47. DTE 0.30. Tracheal system as in Figures 63H–I . Spinnerets as in Figures 63E–G . Genitalia without spermathecae ( Figs. 63 A –D ). UE distal portion tubiform ( Fig. 63 A –D ).

Variation. Male total length 3.0–4.6 (N = 10; average 3.7), cephalothorax length 1.5–2.1 (N = 10; average 1.7), femur I length 2.3–3.8 (N = 10; average 3.2). Female total length 3.2–4.2 (N = 10; average 3.9), cephalothorax length 1.6–2 (N = 10; average 1.8), femur I length 2.7–3.2 (N = 10; average 3.0).

Distribution. Known from Panama and Colombia ( Fig. 132 ).

Additional material examined (N = 58). New records. PANAMA: Chiriquí: Boquete , [8º46´N, 82º25´W], elev. [1094m], vii.1939, A. M. Chickering leg., 1♀ 1♂ ( MCZ 67470) ; [Panamá]: Barro Colorado. C. Zone , [9º9´N, 79º50´W], elev. [150m], 10.ii.1936, W. J. Gertsch leg., 2 immature ( AMNH) ; Canal Zone, Forest reserve, [9º9´N, 79º50´W], elev. [150m], 29.i.1958, A. M. Chickering leg., 1 immature ( MCZ 125490 ) . COLOMBIA: Boyacá: Corinto , [5º25´N, 72º40´W], elev. 1600m, 27.x.1979, C. Hernandez leg., 2♂ ( ICN 636 ) ; Santa María, Vda. La Carbonera, cascada la Colorata , [7º17´N, 73º10´W], elev. 600m, 19.v.2009, E. Flórez y Est. leg., 2♀ ( ICN 4188 ) . Cauca: Caloto, Vereda Morales , [3º4´N, 76º24´W], elev. 1035m, 11.x.2006, J. Cabra leg., 4♀ 2♂ ( ICN 5995 ) ; Isla Gorgona , [3º0´N, 78º12´W], elev. [5m], vii.2003, R. Restrepo leg., 2♀ 1 immature ( ICN 4270 ) . Cundinarmaca : ca. La Vega. Río San Miguel, [5º0´N, 74º20´W], elev. 1480m, 27.iv.1992, 1♂ ( ICN 1080 ) ; Cachipay , [4º42´N, 74º29´W], elev. [1019m], 27.ii.2011, J. Cabra leg., 6♀ 8♂ 5 immature ( ICN 5991 ) . Magdalena: SNSM Finza La Victoria , 11º7´45´´N, 74º5´42´´W], elev. [900m], 19.vii.2006, L. Ferreira leg., 1♂ ( ICN 4123 ) . Risaralda: Mistrato, San Antonio del Chambi , La estrella Arcacay, [5º17´N, 75º53´W], elev. 900m— 1100m, 31.iii—1.iv.1992, Estud. Biol. UNAL leg., 3♀ 1 immature ( ICN 1078 a). Santander: Carmen de Chucurí, Vda. La Bodega, PNN Los Yariguies , [6º41´N, 73º30´W], elev. [585m], 14–20.iii.2011, Est. Taxonomia animal leg., 1♀ ( ICN 6129 ) . Valle del Cauca: 6 mi. W. of Cali , [3º21´N, 76º35´W], elev. 1630m, 20.iii.1955, E. I. Schingler & E. S. Ross leg., 1♀ 1♂ ( CAS 9039648 ) ; Cali, El Palomar , [3º32´N, 76º36´W], elev. [1700m], 17.i.2013, J. Cabra & D. Rodríguez leg., 1♀ 1♂ ( ICN 5992 ) ; 4♀ 2♂ ( ICN 5993 ) ; Rio Pance, ca. Cali , [3º20´N, 76º33´W], elev. 1000m, 4.vii.1973, 1♀ ( MCZ 67453) ; vii.1973, 1 ♀ 1 immature ( MCZ 67454 ) . VENEZUELA: Miranda: Santa Cruzita, Guatopo National Park ., [10º5´N, 66º25´W], elev. 450m, 13.ii.1984, J. Coddington leg., 1♂ ( USNM) .

Glenognatha smilodon Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994 ( Figs. 65–66 , 131 )

Glenognatha smilodon Bosmans & Bosselaers, 1994: 348 , f. 148–157 (male holotype from Pic Hosseré Vokré, Poli Mountains, Cameroon, 17.iv.1983, elev. 900m, Bosmans R. & Van Stelle leg., deposited in MRAC 202710, examined); World Spider Catalog 2015.

Diagnosis. Males of G. smilodon can be easily distinguished from all other Glenognatha species by the prominent curved apical portion of the embolus in lateral view ( Figs. 66G–H ).

Description. Male described by Bosmans & Bosselaers (1994). Additional data.

Male (holotype). Habitus as in Figure 65 . Cephalothorax 0.75 high. Abdomen 1.17 high. Palp as in Figures 66– E–H . Conductor lamina with a prolaterally oriented fold ( Fig. 66B ). Embolus with a distinct laminar projection ( Fig. 66D ).

Female. Unknown

Distribution. Known only from the type locality ( Fig. 131 ).

Figures

FIGURE 60. Glenognatha globosa from Colombia (ICN 5991). A – D, male habitus. A, dorsal. B, lateral. C, ventral (arrow, pleural bar). D, frontal. E – H, female habitus. E, dorsal. F, lateral. G, ventral (arrow, pleural bar). H, frontal. Scale bars, 500 µm. TS: posterior tracheal spiracle.

FIGURE 61. Glenognatha globosa from Colombia (ICN 5991). A – C, male left chelicerae. A, anterior. B, posterior. C, mesal. D – F, female left chelicerae. D, anterior. E, posterior. F, mesal. Scale bars, 100 µm. AT: anterior tooth. Prt: promarginal tooth. Ret: retromarginal tooth.

FIGURE 62. Glenognatha globosa from Colombia (ICN 5991). A – D, male left palp, schematic. A, ventral. B, conductor, ventral. C, conductor, dorsal. D, embolus, ventral. E – H, male left palp. E, ventral. F, dorsal. G, prolateral. H, retrolateral. Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. ED: ejaculatory duct. EMg: embolic medial groove. P: paracymbium. T: tegulum. TO: tarsal organ.

FIGURE 63. Glenognatha globosa. A – D, female genitalia. A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral. D, uterus externus distal portion. E – G, female spinnerets. E, ALS. F, PMS. G, PLS. H – I, female tracheal system. H, dorsal. I, median and lateral trunks. Scale bars, 100 µm (A – C, H – I), 10 µm (D – G). AC: aciniform gland spigots. AG: aggregate gland spigots. FL: flagelliform gland spigot. LT: lateral trunk. MAP: major ampullate gland spigot. mAP: minor ampullate gland spigot. MC: membranous chamber. MT: median trunk. PI: piriform gland spigots. UE: uterus externus.

FIGURE 64. Glenognatha globosa. A – C, male left palp. A, retrolateral. B, embolus and conductor. C, paracymbium. D, epiandrous fusules. E – H, male spinnerets. E, ventral. F, ALS. G, PMS. H, PLS. Scale bars, 100 µm (A – C, E), 10 µm (D, F – H). AG: aggregate gland spigots. C: conductor. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. EMg: embolic medial groove. FL: flagelliform gland spigot. MAP: major ampullate gland spigot. mAP: minor ampullate gland spigot. PI: piriform gland spigots. T: tegulum.

FIGURE 65. Glenognatha smilodon from Cameroon (Holotype, MRAC 202710). Male habitus. A, dorsal. B, lateral. C, ventral. D, frontal. Scale bars, 200 µm. Prt: promarginal tooth. TS: posterior tracheal spiracle.

FIGURE 66. Glenognatha smilodon from Cameroon (Holotype, MRAC 202710). A – D, male left palp, schematic. A, ventral. B, conductor, ventral. C, conductor, dorsal. D, embolus, ventral. E – H, male left palp. E, ventral. F, dorsal. G, prolateral. H, retrolateral. Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. ED: ejaculatory duct. EMg: embolic medial groove. P: paracymbium. T: tegulum. TO: tarsal organ.

FIGURE 131. Distribution of G. argyrostilba, G. tangi, G. dentata and G. smilodon.

FIGURE 132. Distribution of G. mendezi new species, G. patriceae new species, G. globosa and G. gaujoni.